Teks -- Deuteronomy 3:1-7 (NET)

Defeat of King Og of Bashan

3:1 Next we set out on the route to Bashan, but King Og of Bashan and his whole army came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. 3:2 The Lord, however, said to me, “Don’t be afraid of him because I have already given him, his whole army, and his land to you. You will do to him exactly what you did to King Sihon of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon.” 3:3 So the Lord our God did indeed give over to us King Og of Bashan and his whole army and we struck them down until not a single survivor was left. 3:4 We captured all his cities at that time– there was not a town we did not take from them– sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the dominion of Og in Bashan. 3:5 All of these cities were fortified by high walls, gates, and locking bars; in addition there were a great many open villages. 3:6 We put all of these under divine judgment just as we had done to King Sihon of Heshbon– every occupied city, including women and children. 3:7 But all the livestock and plunder from the cities we kept for ourselves.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

JFB: Deu 3:1 - we turned, and went up the way to Bashan

Bashan ("fruitful" or "flat"), now El-Bottein, lay situated to the north of Gilead and extended as far as Hermon. It was a rugged mountainous country, valuable however for its rich and luxuriant pastures.

JFB: Deu 3:1 - Og the king of Bashan came out against us

Without provocation, he rushed to attack the Israelites, either disliking the presence of such dangerous neighbors, or burning to avenge the overthrow of his friends and allies.

JFB: Deu 3:2 - The Lord said unto me, Fear him not: for I will deliver him, and all his people, and his land, into thy hand

Og's gigantic appearance and the formidable array of forces he will bring to the field, need not discourage you; for, belonging to a doomed race, he is destined to share the fate of Sihon [Num 21:25].

JFB: Deu 3:3-8 - Argob was the capital of a district in Bashan of the same name, which, together with other fifty-nine cities in the same province, were conspicuous for their lofty and fortified walls. It was a war of extermination. Houses and cities were razed to the ground; all classes of people were put to the sword; and nothing was saved but the cattle, of which an immense amount fell as spoil into the hands of the conquerors. Thus, the two Amorite kings and the entire population of their dominions were extirpated. The whole country east of the Jordan

First upland downs from the torrent of the Arnon on the south to that of the Jabbok on the north; next the high mountain tract of Gilead and Bashan from the deep ravine of Jabbok--became the possession of the Israelites.

Clarke: Deu 3:4 - All the region of Argob

All the region of Argob - כל חבל ארגב col chebel Argob , all the cable or cord of Argob; this expression, which is used in various other parts of Scripture, (see, in the original, Amo 7:17; Mic 2:5; Deu 32:9; Psa 16:6), shows that anciently land was measured by lines or cords of a certain length, in a similar way to that by the chain among us, and the schoenus or cord among the Egyptians. Some think that it was the region of Argob that was afterwards called the region of Trachonites.

Calvin: Deu 3:4 - And we took all the cities

4.And we took all the cities He here more fully relates what He had brieflytouched upon in Numbers. He says that sixty, well-fortified cities were taken, besides the villages. Hence we infer both the extent of the country, and also the special power of God in the aid He afforded them, in that they took, in so short a time, so many cities well closed in, and begirt with high walls; as if they were merely travelling, through a peaceful land in security, and with nothing to do.

After the eighth verse, lie repeats connectedly what he had separately related respecting the two kingdoms; and in order that the places might be more certainly identified, he mentions two other names for mount Hermon, stating that it was called Sirion by the Sidonians, and Shenir by the Amorites. Finally, he adds that Og, king of Bashan, was a giant, and the only survivorof that race. As a memorialof his lofty stature, he alleges his iron bedstead, the length of which was as much as nine cubits, according to the common measure of that period. By this circumstance he again magnifies the marvellous help of God, in that he was overcome by the children of Israel, who might, by his stature, have singly terrified a whole army.

The enormous stature of the giants is apparent from this passage. Herodotus records, ¹³⁶ that the body of Orestes, disinterred by command of the oracle, was seven cubits in length. Pliny, ¹³⁷ although he does not cite his authority, subscribes to this testimony. Gellius ¹³⁸ thinks that this was fabulous, as also what Homer ¹³⁹ writes with respect to the diminution of men’s height in process of time; but his erroneous view is confuted by almost universal consent. What Pliny ¹⁴⁰ himself relates is indeed incredible, that in Crete a body was discovered, by an opening of the earth, forty-six cubits long, which some thought to be the body of Orion, and others of Etion. But if we believe that there were giants, (which is not only affirmd by the sacred Scriptures, but also recorded by almost all ancient writers,) we need not be surprised if they were more than eight cubits in height. Although, however, the race of giants began to disappear in the time of Moses, still, in after ages, there existed persons who approached to this ancient stature, ¹⁴¹ as in the time of Augustus and Claudius there was one man about ten feet in height, and another nine feet nine inches. Moses, therefore, intimates nothing more than that this monstrous race of men gradually died out, so that the enormous height of Og, king of Bashan, was an unusual sight.

TSK: Deu 3:1 - Bashan // Og // Edrei

Bashan : Bashan, one of the most fertile districts of the Holy Land, was bounded on the west by the Jordan and lake of Gennesareth, on the east by Trachonitis, on the south by the brook Jabbok, and on the north by mount Hermon; and seems to have been composed of two or three districts, on the south the land of Gilead, on the north the region of Argob, and east of both, the plain of Hauran. (See note on Deu 3:13, see note on Deu 3:14, and see note on Deu 3:15.) The scenery of this elevated tract is described by Mr. Buckingham as extremely beautifulcaps1 . icaps0 ts plains covered with a fertile soil; its hills covered with forests, and at every new turn presenting the most beautiful landscapes that can be imagined.

Og : Deu 1:4, Deu 4:47, Deu 29:7, Deu 31:4; Num 21:33-35; Jos 9:10, Jos 12:4, Jos 13:30; 1Ki 4:19; Neh 9:22; Psa 135:10, Psa 135:11, Psa 136:20

Edrei : This town is placed by Eusebius about 25 miles northward from Bostri; and mentioned by Burckhardt under the name of Draa.

TSK: Deu 3:2 - Fear // as thou didst

Fear : Deu 3:11, Deu 20:3; Num 14:9; 2Ch 20:17; Isa 41:10, Isa 43:5; Act 18:9, Act 27:24; Rev 2:10

as thou didst : Deu 2:24-37; Num 21:23-25

TSK: Deu 3:3

Deu 2:33, Deu 2:34; Num 21:35; Jos 13:12, Jos 13:30

TSK: Deu 3:4 - all his cities // all the region

all his cities : Num 32:33-42; Jos 12:4, Jos 13:30, Jos 13:31

all the region : 1Ki 4:13

TSK: Deu 3:5

Deu 1:28; Num 13:28; Heb 11:30

TSK: Deu 3:6 - we utterly // as we did

we utterly : Deu 2:34, Deu 20:16-18; Lev 27:28, Lev 27:29; Num 21:2; Jos 11:14

as we did : Deu 3:2, Deu 2:24, Deu 2:34; Psa 135:10-12, Psa 136:19-21

TSK: Deu 3:7

Deu 2:35; Jos 8:27, Jos 11:11-14

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Deu 3:2 - Fear him not

Fear him not though he be of so frightful a look and stature, Deu 3:11 .

Poole: Deu 3:4 - Argob

Argob a province within Bashan, or at least subject and belonging to Bashan, as appears from Deu 3:13 1Ki 4:13 ; called Argob possibly from the name of a man, its former lord and owner.

Poole: Deu 3:5 - High walls, gates, and bars

High walls, gates, and bars which may encourage you in your attempt upon Canaan, notwithstanding the fenced cities which the spies told you of, and you must expect to find.

Haydock: Deu 3:1 - Turned

Turned. Instead of going forward across the Jordan, we directed our arms against Basan, in the north. See Numbers xxi. 33.

Haydock: Deu 3:4 - Country // Argob

Country. Hebrew, "the line" with which lands were measured, chap. xxxii. 9. ---

Argob may signify rich and fertile; "all that fertile region, the kingdom of Og." Vatable thinks that Basan, Argob, and Trachonitis, denote the same country. But Cellarius observes, that the last mentioned country was ill cultivated and very poor, the inhabitants living mostly in the caverns of rocks, whereas Argob or Basan was adorned with 60 cities.

Haydock: Deu 3:5 - Walls

Walls. Tacitus remarks, that "a great part of Judea is covered with villages, though towns may likewise be found in the country. (Hist. v. 8.) See 3 Kings iv. 13. Septuagint, "besides the towns of Pherezites, which were very numerous." (Calmet) ---

The spies had not travelled in this county, when they gave an account of the walled towns being as high as heaven. But Moses here informs us, that the cities on the east side of the Jordan were not much inferior to those on the west, and the land was infested also with giants, ver. 13. (Haydock)

Haydock: Deu 3:6 - Utterly

Utterly. Yet out of the ruins they soon raised other strong cities, Numbers xxxii. 26. All the walls were not probably demolished, (ver. 19,) but only a part, so that they might be repaired with no great labour or expense. The inhabitants were all destroyed, that they might not pervert the Hebrews by their bad example; and because God had pronounced the sentence of death upon them, in punishment of their crimes. Hebrew seem to insinuate, that the cities were destroyed only by the death of the inhabitants. "We subjected them to anathema....utterly destroying the men," &c. (Haydock) ---

We devoted to utter ruin the men, women, and children of the cities which we took. (Calmet)

Gill: Deu 3:1 - Then we turned and went up the way to Bashan // and Og the king of Bashan came out against us // he and all his people, to battle at Edrei

Then we turned and went up the way to Bashan,.... Which seems to have been higher than the kingdom of Sihon: this was a fine country for pasturage, for the breeding of cattle, larger and lesser, and was famous for its oaks: it is the same country which in Josephus and others goes by the name of Batanea:

and Og the king of Bashan came out against us; got his forces together, and came out from Ashteroth, the royal city where he dwelt:

he and all his people, to battle at Edrei; another city in his kingdom, about six miles from the former; see Deu 1:4.

Gill: Deu 3:2 - And the Lord said unto me // fear him not

And the Lord said unto me,.... When Og was marching with all his forces against Israel:

fear him not, &c; See Gill on Num 21:34.

Gill: Deu 3:3 - So the Lord our God delivered into our hands Og also the king of Bashan, and all his people // and we smote him, till none was left to him remaining

So the Lord our God delivered into our hands Og also the king of Bashan, and all his people,.... As well as Sihon king of Heshbon:

and we smote him, till none was left to him remaining; or left alive, all were slain with the sword; See Gill on Num 21:35.

Gill: Deu 3:4 - And we took all his cities at that time // there was not a city which we took not from them // three score cities // all the region of Argob // the kingdom of Og in Bashan

And we took all his cities at that time,.... Not only Edrei where the battle was fought, and Ashteroth his capital city, but all the rest in his kingdom:

there was not a city which we took not from them; not one stood out, but all surrendered on summons; the number of which follows:

three score cities; which was a large number for so small a country, and shows it to be well inhabited:

all the region of Argob; which was a small province of

the kingdom of Og in Bashan: Aben Ezra and Jarchi observe, that it was called after a man, i.e. whose name was Argob; the Targum of Onkelos names it Tracona, and the Targum of Jonathan Targona, the same with Trachonitis in Josephus and other authors; see Luk 3:1, Jerom relates ^h that in his time, about Gerasa, a city of Arabia, fifteen miles from it to the west, there was a village which was called Arga, which seems to carry in it some remains of the ancient name of this country; and the Samaritan version, in all places where Argob is, calls it Rigobaah; and in the Misnah ⁱ mention is made of a place called Ragab, beyond Jordan, famous for its being the second place for the best oil.

Gill: Deu 3:5 - All these cities were fenced with high walls, gates, and bars // besides unwalled towns a great many

All these cities were fenced with high walls, gates, and bars,.... That is, all the cities in the kingdom of Bashan; and though they were, it hindered not their falling into the hands of the Israelites; and this might serve to encourage them against those fears they were possessed of by the spies, with respect to the cities in the land of Canaan; see Num 13:28.

besides unwalled towns a great many; small towns and villages adjacent to the several cities, as is common.

Gill: Deu 3:6 - And we utterly destroyed them // as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon // utterly destroying the men, women, and children, of every city

And we utterly destroyed them,.... Not the cities, but the inhabitants of them:

as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon; they did not destroy his cities, for they took them and dwelt in them; but the people that lived there, as follows here:

utterly destroying the men, women, and children, of every city; see Deu 2:34.

Gill: Deu 3:7 - But all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities // we took for a prey to ourselves

But all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities,.... The oxen and sheep, camels and asses; their gold and silver, and the furniture of their houses; their stores of corn, and of other fruits of the earth, even all their substance of whatsoever kind:

we took for a prey to ourselves; made them their own property, and used them for their own profit and service, whereby they became greatly enriched.