Teks -- Deuteronomy 24:19-22 (NET)

24:19 Whenever you reap your harvest in your field and leave some unraked grain there, you must not return to get it; it should go to the resident foreigner, orphan, and widow so that the Lord your God may bless all the work you do. 24:20 When you beat your olive tree you must not repeat the procedure; the remaining olives belong to the resident foreigner, orphan, and widow. 24:21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard you must not do so a second time; they should go to the resident foreigner, orphan, and widow. 24:22 Remember that you were slaves in the land of Egypt; therefore, I am commanding you to do all this.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

JFB: Deu 24:19-22 - When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field

The grain, pulled up by the roots or cut down with a sickle, was laid in loose sheaves; the fruit of the olive was obtained by striking the branches with long poles; and the grape clusters, severed by a hook, were gathered in the hands of the vintager. Here is a beneficent provision for the poor. Every forgotten sheaf in the harvest-field was to lie; the olive tree was not to be beaten a second time; nor were grapes to be gathered, in order that, in collecting what remained, the hearts of the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow might be gladdened by the bounty of Providence.

Clarke: Deu 24:19 - When thou cuttest down thine harvest

When thou cuttest down thine harvest - This is an addition to the law, Lev 19:9; Lev 23:22. The corners of the field, the gleanings, and the forgotten sheaf, were all the property of the poor. This the Hebrews extended to any part of the fruit or produce of a field, which had been forgotten in the time of general ingathering, as appears from the concluding verses of this chapter.

Calvin: Deu 24:19 - NO PHRASE

God here inculcates liberality upon the possessors of land, when their fruits are gathered: for, when His bounty is exercised before our eyes, it invites us to imitate Him; and it is a sign of ingratitude, unkindly and maliciously, to withhold what we derive from His blessing. God does not indeed require that those who have abundance should so profusely give away their produce, as to despoil themselves by enriching others; and, in fact, Paul prescribes this as the measure of our alms, that their relief of the poor should not bring into distress the rich themselves, who kindly distribute. (2Co 8:13.) God, therefore, permits every one to reap his corn, to gather his vintage, and to enjoy his abundance; provided the rich, content with their own vintage and harvest, do not grudge the poor the gleaning of the grapes and corn. Not that He absolutely assigns to the poor whatever remains, so that they may seize it as their own; but that some small portion may flow gratuitously to them from the munificence of the rich. He mentions indeed by name the orphans, and widows, and strangers, yet undoubtedly He designates all the poor and needy, who have no fields of their own to sow or reap; for it will sometimes occur that orphans are by no means in want, but rather that they have the means of being liberal themselves; nor are widows and strangers always hungry; but I have explained elsewhere why these three classes are mentioned.

TSK: Deu 24:19 - When thou // it shall be // may bless

When thou : Lev 19:9, Lev 19:10, Lev 23:22; Rth 2:16; Psa 41:1

it shall be : Deu 24:20, Deu 24:21, Deu 14:29, Deu 26:13

may bless : Deu 15:10; Job 31:16-22, Job 42:12; Psa 41:1-3, Psa 112:9; Pro 11:24, Pro 11:25, Pro 14:21; Pro 19:17; Isa 32:8, Isa 58:7-11; Luk 6:35, Luk 6:38, Luk 14:13, Luk 14:14; 2Co 9:6-8; 1Jo 3:17-19

TSK: Deu 24:20 - go over the boughs again

go over the boughs again : Heb. bough it after thee, Deu 24:20

TSK: Deu 24:21 - gatherest // afterward

gatherest : Deu 24:19; Lev 19:9, Lev 19:10

afterward : Heb. after thee

TSK: Deu 24:22

Deu 24:18, Deu 5:14, Deu 5:15, Deu 7:8; Isa 51:1; 2Co 8:8, 2Co 8:9; Eph 5:1, Eph 5:2; 1Jo 4:10, 1Jo 4:11

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Deu 24:20 - When thou beatest thine olive tree

When thou beatest thine olive tree with staves, as they used to do to fetch down the olives.

Haydock: Deu 24:19 - Forget

Forget. The Rabbins say, that both the owner and the labourers must forget the sheaf: but his is a vain subtlety. (Calmet) ---

Josephus ([Antiquities?] iv. 8,) is more agreeable to the spirit of the law, when he (Haydock) observes that gleanings, and some of the fruit of the vine and olive trees, were to be left on purpose for the poor, Leviticus xix. 9. (Menochius)

Gill: Deu 24:19 - When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field // and hast forgot a sheaf in the field // thou shall not go again to fetch it // it shall be for the stranger // for the fatherless and for the widow // that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands

When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field,.... Whether barley harvest or wheat harvest, when either of them are ripe for cutting, mowing, or reaping, and are cutting down:

and hast forgot a sheaf in the field; Jarchi says the phrase "in the field" is to include standing corn, some of which is forgotten in cutting down, and so is subject to this law as well as a sheaf; and a sheaf claimed by this name is one that is forgotten both by the workman and the owner; if by the one and not by the other, it could not be so called. The canon runs thus ^t,"a sheaf which the workmen forget, and not the owner, or the owner forgets, and not the workman, before which the poor stand, or is covered with straw or stubble, is not a forgotten sheaf.''And about this they have various other rules;"a sheaf that is near the gate (of a field), or to an heap (of sheaves), or to oxen, or to instruments, and left, the house of Shammai say it is not to be reckoned a forgotten sheaf; but the house of Hillell say it is;--two sheaves are reckoned forgotten, three are not; a sheaf in which there are two seahs (about a peck and a half), and they leave it, it is not reckoned forgotten ^u:"

thou shall not go again to fetch it; which supposes a remembrance of it, or some intelligence about it when at home, and after the field has been cleared, and all carried in but this sheaf; then the owner might not go nor send to fetch it: the beginnings of the rows, they say, show when a sheaf is forgotten, or not; particularly the adverse sheaf, or that over against it, shows it ^w; so Jarchi:

it shall be for the stranger; or proselyte; the proselyte of righteousness; of this there is no doubt, but it seems to be for the proselyte of the gate also:

for the fatherless and for the widow; which of them soever should first find it:

that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands; in the culture of their ground the next year, and give them large and fruitful crops; they either purposely leaving the sheaf for the poor, or however suffer them to take it unmolested when found by them. The Targum of Jonathan is, "that the word of the Lord thy God may bless thee", &c.

Gill: Deu 24:20 - When thou beatest thine olive tree // thou shall not go over the boughs again // it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow

When thou beatest thine olive tree,.... With sticks and staves, to get off the olives when ripe:

thou shall not go over the boughs again; to beat off some few that may remain; they were not nicely to examine the boughs over again, whether there were any left or not:

it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow; who might come into their oliveyards after the trees had been beaten, and gather what were left.

Gill: Deu 24:21 - When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard // thou shall not glean it afterwards // it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow

When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard,.... Which was done much about the same time that the olives were gathered, and both after wheat harvest, about the latter end of June, or beginning of July; for they were more forward in those hot countries:

thou shall not glean it afterwards; go over the vines a second time, to pick off every berry or bunch that escaped them at first gathering:

it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow; as the forgotten sheaf, and the olive berries left; these are all supposed to be poor persons, otherwise no doubt there were strangers, and fatherless persons, and widows, in good circumstances; who, as they needed not, so neither would give themselves the trouble, but think it beneath them to go into fields, oliveyards, and vineyards, to gather what was left by the owners. These laws were made in favour of the poor, that mercy and kindness might be showed to them, and that they might have a taste of all the fruits of the earth.

Gill: Deu 24:22 - And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt // therefore I command thee to do this thing

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt,.... When they would have been glad to have enjoyed the like favours, as small as they might seem to be, even to glean in their fields, vineyards, and oliveyards:

therefore I command thee to do this thing; to suffer the poor to take the forgotten sheaf, and to come into their oliveyards and vineyards, and gather what olives and grapes remained after the first beating of the one, and the ingathering of the other.