Teks -- Acts 17:10-15 (NET)

Paul and Silas at Berea

17:10 The brothers sent Paul and Silas off to Berea at once, during the night. When they arrived, they went to the Jewish synagogue. 17:11 These Jews were more open-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they eagerly received the message, examining the scriptures carefully every day to see if these things were so. 17:12 Therefore many of them believed, along with quite a few prominent Greek women and men. 17:13 But when the Jews from Thessalonica heard that Paul had also proclaimed the word of God in Berea, they came there too, inciting and disturbing the crowds. 17:14 Then the brothers sent Paul away to the coast at once, but Silas and Timothy remained in Berea. 17:15 Those who accompanied Paul escorted him as far as Athens, and after receiving an order for Silas and Timothy to come to him as soon as possible, they left.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Act 17:10 - Immediately by night

Immediately by night ( eutheōs dia nuktos ).

Paul’ s work had not been in vain in Thessalonica (1Th 1:7.; 1Th 2:13, 1Th 2:20). Paul loved the church here. Two of them, Aristarchus and Secundus, will accompany him to Jerusalem (Act 20:4) and Aristarchus will go on with him to Rome (Act 27:2). Plainly Paul and Silas had been in hiding in Thessalonica and in real danger. After his departure severe persecution came to the Christians in Thessalonica (1Th 2:14; 1Th 3:1-5; 2Th 1:6). It is possible that there was an escort of Gentile converts with Paul and Silas on this night journey to Beroea which was about fifty miles southwest from Thessalonica near Pella in another district of Macedonia (Emathia). There is a modern town there of some 6,000 people.

Robertson: Act 17:10 - Went

Went ( apēiesan ).

Imperfect third plural active of apeimi , old verb to go away, here alone in the N.T. A literary, almost Atticistic, form instead of apēlthon .

Robertson: Act 17:10 - Into the synagogue of the Jews

Into the synagogue of the Jews ( eis tēn sunagōgēn tōn Ioudaiōn ).

Paul’ s usual custom and he lost no time about it. Enough Jews here to have a synagogue.

Robertson: Act 17:11 - More noble than those

More noble than those ( eugenesteroi tōn ).

Comparative form of eugenēs , old and common adjective, but in N.T. only here and Luk 19:12; 1Co 1:26. Followed by ablative case tōn as often after the comparative.

Robertson: Act 17:11 - With all readiness of mind

With all readiness of mind ( meta pāsēs prothumias ).

Old word from prothumos (pro , thumos ) and means eagerness, rushing forward. In the N.T. only here and 2Co 8:11-19; 2Co 9:2. In Thessalonica many of the Jews out of pride and prejudice refused to listen. Here the Jews joyfully welcomed the two Jewish visitors.

Robertson: Act 17:11 - Examining the Scriptures daily

Examining the Scriptures daily ( kath' hēmeran anakrinontes tas graphas ).

Paul expounded the Scriptures daily as in Thessalonica, but the Beroeans, instead of resenting his new interpretation, examined (anakrinō means to sift up and down, make careful and exact research as in legal processes as in Act 4:9; Act 12:19, etc.) the Scriptures for themselves. In Scotland people have the Bible open on the preacher as he expounds the passage, a fine habit worth imitating.

Robertson: Act 17:11 - Whether these things were so

Whether these things were so ( ei echoi tauta houtōs ).

Literally, "if these things had it thus."The present optative in the indirect question represents an original present indicative as in Luk 1:29 (Robertson, Grammar , pp. 1043f.). This use of ei with the optative may be looked at as the condition of the fourth class (undetermined with less likelihood of determination) as in Act 17:27; Act 20:16; Act 24:19; Act 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar , p. 1021). The Beroeans were eagerly interested in the new message of Paul and Silas but they wanted to see it for themselves. What a noble attitude. Paul’ s preaching made Bible students of them. The duty of private interpretation is thus made plain (Hovey).

Robertson: Act 17:12 - Many therefore

Many therefore ( Polloi men oun ).

As a result of this Bible study.

Robertson: Act 17:12 - Also of the Greek women of honourable estate.

Also of the Greek women of honourable estate.

The word Hellēnis means Greek woman, but the word gunē is added. In particular women of rank (euschēmonōn , from eu and echō , graceful figure and the honourable standing) as in Act 13:50 (Mar 15:43). Probably Luke means by implication that the "men"(andrōn ) were also noble Greeks though he does not expressly say so. So then the Jews were more open to the message, the proselytes or God-fearers followed suit, with "not a few"(ouk oligoi ) real Greeks (both men and women) believing. It was quick and fine work.

Robertson: Act 17:13 - Was proclaimed

Was proclaimed ( katēggelē ).

Second aorist passive indicative of kataggellō , common late verb as in Act 16:21.

Robertson: Act 17:13 - Of Paul

Of Paul ( hupo Paulou ).

By Paul, of course.

Robertson: Act 17:13 - Stirring up and troubling the multitudes

Stirring up and troubling the multitudes ( saleuontes kai tarassontes tous ochlous ).

Shaking the crowds like an earthquake (Act 4:31) and disturbing like a tornado (Act 17:8). Success at Thessalonica gave the rabbis confidence and courage. The attack was sharp and swift. The Jews from Antioch in Pisidia had likewise pursued Paul to Iconium and Lystra. How long Paul had been in Beroea Luke does not say. But a church was established here which gave a good account of itself later and sent a messenger (Act 20:4) with their part of the collection to Jerusalem. This quiet and noble town was in a whirl of excitement over the attacks of the Jewish emissaries from Thessalonica who probably made the same charge of treason against Paul and Silas.

Robertson: Act 17:14 - And then immediately

And then immediately ( eutheōs de tote ).

They acted swiftly as in Thessalonica.

Robertson: Act 17:14 - Sent forth

Sent forth ( exapesteilan ).

Double compound (exō , apo , both out and away) common in late Greek. First aorist active indicative (exapostellō , liquid verb). Same form in Act 9:30.

Robertson: Act 17:14 - As far as to the sea

As far as to the sea ( heōs epi tēn thalassan ).

It is not clear whether Paul went all the way to Athens by land or took ship at Dium or Pydna, some sixteen miles away, and sailed to Athens. Some even think that Paul gave the Jews the slip and went all the way by land when they expected him to go by sea. At any rate we know that Paul was grieved to cut short his work in Macedonia, probably not over six months in all, which had been so fruitful in Philippi, Thessalonica, and Beroea. Silas and Timothy (note his presence) remained behind in Beroea and they would keep the work going. Paul no doubt hoped to return soon. Silas and Timothy in Beroea would also serve to screen his flight for the Jews wanted his blood, not theirs. The work in Macedonia spread widely (1Th 1:7.).

Robertson: Act 17:15 - But they that conducted Paul

But they that conducted Paul ( hoi de kathistanontes ton Paulon ).

Articular present active participle of kathistanō (late form in A B of kathistēmi or kathistaō ), an old verb with varied uses to put down, to constitute, to conduct, etc. This use here is in the lxx (Joshua 6:23) and old Greek also.

Robertson: Act 17:15 - To Athens

To Athens ( heōs Athēnōn ).

To make sure of his safe arrival.

Robertson: Act 17:15 - That they should come to him with all speed

That they should come to him with all speed ( hina hōs tachista elthōsin pros auton ).

Note the neat Greek idiom hōs tachista as quickly as possible (good Attic idiom). The indirect command and purpose (hinȧelthōsin , second aorist active subjunctive) is also neat Greek (Robertson, Grammar , p. 1046).

Robertson: Act 17:15 - Departed

Departed ( exēiesan ).

Imperfect active of exeimi , old Greek word, but rare in N.T. All in Acts (Act 13:42; Act 17:15; Act 20:7; Act 27:43)

Vincent: Act 17:11 - Searched

Searched

Or examined. See on Luk 23:14.

Vincent: Act 17:12 - Honorable women

Honorable women

See on Act 17:4, and Mar 15:43.

Vincent: Act 17:15 - They that conducted

They that conducted ( καθιστῶντες )

Lit., brought to the spot. Note the different word employed, Act 15:3 (see note there).

Wesley: Act 17:11 - These were more ingenuous

Or generous. To be teachable in the things of God is true generosity of soul. The receiving the word with all readiness of mind, and the most accurate search into the truth, are well consistent.

Wesley: Act 17:12 - Many of the

Of the Jews.

Wesley: Act 17:12 - And of the Grecian women

Who were followed by their husbands.

JFB: Act 17:10-12 - the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night

For it would have been as useless as rash to attempt any further preaching at that time, and the conviction of this probably made his friends the more willing to pledge themselves against any present continuance of missionary effort.

JFB: Act 17:10-12 - unto Berea

Fifty or sixty miles southwest of Thessalonica; a town even still of considerable population and importance.

JFB: Act 17:11 - These were more noble than those in Thessalonica

The comparison is between the Jews of the two places; for the triumphs of the Gospel at Thessalonica were mostly among the Gentiles. See on Act 17:2-4.

JFB: Act 17:11 - in that they received the word with all readiness of mind

Heard it not only without prejudice, but with eager interest, "in an honest and good heart" (Luk 8:17), with sincere desire to be taught aright (see Joh 7:17). Mark the "nobility" ascribed to this state of mind.

JFB: Act 17:11 - searched the scriptures daily whether those things were so

Whether the Christian interpretation which the apostle put upon the Old Testament Scriptures was the true one.

JFB: Act 17:12 - Therefore many of them believed

Convinced that Jesus of Nazareth whom Paul preached was indeed the great Promise and Burden of the Old Testament. From this it is undeniable, (1) that the people, no less than the ministers of the Church, are entitled and bound to search the Scriptures; (2) that they are entitled and bound to judge, on their own responsibility, whether the teaching they receive from the ministers of the Church is according to the word of God; (3) that no faith but such as results from personal conviction ought to be demanded, or is of any avail.

JFB: Act 17:12 - of honourable women which were Greeks, and of men

Which were Greeks.

JFB: Act 17:12 - not a few

"The upper classes in these European-Greek and Romanized towns were probably better educated than those of Asia Minor" [WEBSTER and WILKINSON].

JFB: Act 17:13 - the Jews of Thessalonica . . . came thither also

"like hunters upon their prey, as they had done before from Iconium to Lystra" [HOWSON].

JFB: Act 17:14 - immediately the brethren

The converts gathered at Berea.

JFB: Act 17:14 - sent away Paul

As before from Jerusalem (Act 9:30), and from Thessalonica (Act 17:10). How long he stayed at Berea we know not; but as we know that he longed and expected soon to return to the Thessalonians (1Th 2:17), it is probable he remained some weeks at least, and only abandoned his intention of revisiting Thessalonica at that time when the virulence of his enemies there, stimulated by his success at Berea, brought them down thither to counterwork him.

JFB: Act 17:14 - to go as it were to the sea

Rather, perhaps, "in the direction of the sea." Probably he delayed fixing his next destination till he should reach the coast, and the providence of God should guide him to a vessel bound for the destined spot. Accordingly, it was only on arriving at Athens, that the convoy of Berean brethren, who had gone thus far with him, were sent back to bid Silas and Timothy follow him thither.

JFB: Act 17:14 - Silas and Timotheus abode there still

"to build it up in its holy faith, to be a comfort and support in its trials and persecutions, and to give it such organization as might be necessary" [HOWSON]. Connecting this with the apostle's leaving Timothy and Luke at Philippi on his own departure (see on Act 16:40), we may conclude that this was his fixed plan for cherishing the first beginning of the Gospel in European localities, and organizing the converts. Timotheus must have soon followed the apostle to Thessalonica, the bearer, probably, of one of the Philippian "contributions to his necessity" (Phi 4:15-16), and from thence he would with Silas accompany him to Berea.

JFB: Act 17:15 - Silas and Timotheus to come to him with all speed

He probably wished their company and aid in addressing himself to so new and great a sphere as Athens. Accordingly it is added that he "waited for them" there, as if unwilling to do anything till they came. That they did come, there is no good reason to doubt (as some excellent critics do). For though Paul himself says to the Thessalonians that he "thought it good to be left at Athens alone" (1Th 3:1), he immediately adds that he "sent Timotheus to establish and comfort them" (Act 17:2); meaning, surely, that he despatched him from Athens back to Thessalonica. He had indeed sent for him to Athens; but, probably, when it appeared that little fruit was to be reaped there, while Thessalonica was in too interesting a state to be left uncherished, he seems to have thought it better to send him back again. (The other explanations which have been suggested seem less satisfactory). Timotheus rejoined the apostle at Corinth (Act 18:5).

Clarke: Act 17:10 - Sent away Paul and Silas by night

Sent away Paul and Silas by night - Fearing some farther machinations of the Jews and their associates

Clarke: Act 17:10 - Berea

Berea - This was another city of Macedonia, on the same gulf with Thessalonica; and not far from Pella, the birth place of Alexander the Great.

Clarke: Act 17:11 - These were more noble than those in Thessalonica

These were more noble than those in Thessalonica - Ησαν ευγενεϚεροι, Were of a better race, extraction, or birth, than those at Thessalonica; but the word refers more to their conduct, as a proof of their better disposition, than to their birth, or any peculiar lineal nobility. It was a maxim among the Jews, that "none was of a noble spirit who did not employ himself in the study of the law."It appears that the Bereans were a better educated and more polished people than those at Thessalonica; in consequence far from persecuting

1.    They heard the doctrine of the Gospel attentively

2.    They received this doctrine with readiness of mind: when the evidence of its truth appeared to them sufficiently convincing, they had too much dignity of mind to refuse their assent, and too much ingenuousness to conceal their approbation

3.    They searched the Scriptures, i.e. of the Old Testament, to see whether these thing were so: to see whether the promises and types corresponded with the alleged fulfillment in the person, works, and sufferings of Jesus Christ

4.    They continued in this work; they searched the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.

Clarke: Act 17:12 - Therefore many of them believed

Therefore many of them believed - From the manner in which they heard, received, and examined the word preached to them, it was not likely they could be deceived. And, as it was the truth that was proclaimed to them, it is no wonder that they apprehended, believed, and embraced it

Clarke: Act 17:12 - Of honorable women which were Greeks

Of honorable women which were Greeks - Probably mere heathens are meant; and these were some of the chief families in the place. Thus we find that the preaching of Paul at Berea was made the instrument of converting both Jews and Gentiles.

Clarke: Act 17:13 - The Jews of Thessalonica - stirred up the people

The Jews of Thessalonica - stirred up the people - With what implacable malice did these men persecute the Gospel! And in the same spirit they continue to the present day, though it is evidently the sole cause of their wretchedness.

Clarke: Act 17:14 - To go as it were to the sea

To go as it were to the sea - This passage is generally understood to mean that the disciples took Paul towards the sea, as if he had intended to embark, and return to Troas, but with the real design to go to Athens. But it is more likely that his conductors, in order to his greater safety, left the public or more frequented road, and took him coastwise to Athens. Or, by taking a vessel at that part of the sea nearest to Berea, they might have coasted it to Athens, which was quite a possible case; and, as we do not hear of his stopping at any place on his journey to preach, it is very probable that he went by sea to this city. Though sleights and feints may be allowable in cases of life and death, yet there does not appear an absolute necessity for any in this case. And, as the text does not necessarily point any out, so we need not have recourse to any. I take it for granted, therefore, that Paul went by sea to Athens

Clarke: Act 17:14 - Silas and Timotheus abode there still

Silas and Timotheus abode there still - The persecution, it seems, was directed principally against Paul. Lo! he stayeth his rough wind on the day of his east wind. Silas and Timotheus, holy men, were left behind to water the seed which Paul had planted.

Clarke: Act 17:15 - Brought him unto Athens

Brought him unto Athens - This was one of the most celebrated cities in the world, whether we consider its antiquity, its learning, its political consequence, or the valor of its inhabitants. This city, which was the capital of Attica, and the seat of the Grecian empire was founded by Cecrops, about a.m. 2447, before Christ 1557, and was called by him Cecropia. About thirteen or fourteen hundred years before Christ, in the reign either of Erechtheus, or Erichthonius, it was called Athens, from Αθηνη, a name of Minerva, to whom it was dedicated, and who was always considered the protectress of the city. The whole city at first was built upon a hill or rock, in the midst of a spacious plain; but, in process of time, the whole plain was covered with buildings which were called the lower city; while the ancient was called Acropolis, or the upper city. In its most flourishing state this city was not less than one hundred and seventy-eight stadia, or twenty-two Roman miles in circumference. The buildings of Athens were the most superb, and best executed, in the world; but every thing is now in a state of ruin. Mr. Stuart, in his three folio vols. of the Antiquities of Athens, has given correct representations of those that remain, with many geographical notices of much importance. The greatest men that ever lived, scholars, lawyers, statesmen, and warriors, were Athenians. Its institutions, laws, and literature, were its own unrivalled boast, and the envy of the world. The city still exists; the Acropolis in a state of comparative repair. It is now in the hands of the Greeks; but the Turks, who held it till lately, have turned the celebrated Parthenon, or temple of Minerva, into a mosque. The inhabitants are reckoned at about one thousand. Christianity, planted here by St. Paul, still subsists; and about two-thirds of the inhabitants of Athens are Christians, who have several churches or oratories here, and it is the residence of a Greek bishop, who is a metropolitan. He who considers the ancient glory of this city, whether in its heathen or Christian antiquity, cannot but sigh over its present state.

Calvin: Act 17:10 - They sent them out to Berea

10.They sent them out to Berea Hereby it appeareth that Paul’s labor brought forth fruit in a small time; for though the brethren send forth him and Silas, yet they adjoin themselves as voluntary companions to their danger and cross by this duty. But the constancy of Paul is incredible, because, having had such experience of their stubbornness and malice of his nation, he doth never cease to try whether he can bring any to Christ, namely, seeing he knew that he was bound both to Jews and Gentiles, no injury of men could lead him away from his calling. So all the servants of Christ must so wrestle with the malice of the world, that they shake not off Christ’s yoke with what injuries soever they be provoked.

Calvin: Act 17:11 - Did excel in nobility // Received the word

11.Did excel in nobility Luke returneth again unto the men of Thessalonica. The remembrance of Christ might have been thought to have been buried by the departure of Paul, and surely it is a wonder that that small light, which began to shine, was not quite put out, and that the seed of sound doctrine did not wither away, which had need continually to be watered that it might spring up. But after Paul’s departure, it appeareth how effectual and fruitful his preaching had been. For those who had only tasted of the first principles of godliness do nevertheless profit and go forward, though he be absent, and exercise themselves in the continual reading of the Scripture. And, first, Luke saith that they were of the chief families. For the nobility whereof he maketh mention is referred not unto the mind, but unto the nation. Some think that the men of Berea are compared with the men of Thessalonica, because he saith [ ευγενεστερους ], and not in the superlative degree [ ευγενεστατους ]. But I think that that manner of speech is usual and common among the Grecians, which the Latins could not so well digest. − ²⁶⁰ Moreover, he had said a little before, that certain principal women believed at Thessalonica, and it is not to be thought that the men of Berea were preferred before those of this city. And there is a threefold reason why Luke maketh mention of their excellency of birth. We know how hardly men came down from their high degress, what a rare matter it is for those who are great in the world to undertake the reproach of the cross, laying away their pride, and rejoice in humility, as James commandeth, ( Jas 1:10.) −

Therefore Luke commendeth the rare efficacy and working of the Spirit of God, when he saith that these noblemen were no whit hindered by the dignity of the flesh, but that embracing the gospel, they prepared themselves to bear the cross, and preferred the reproach of Christ before the glory of the world. Secondly, Luke meant to make known the glory of the world. Secondly, Luke meant to make known unto us, that the grace of Christ standeth open for all orders and degrees. In which sense Paul saith, that God would have all men saved, ( 1Ti 2:4;) lest the poor and those who are base do shut the gate against the rich, (though Christ did vouchsafe them the former place.) Therefore we see that noblemen, and those who are of the common sort, − ²⁶¹ are gathered together, that those who are men of honor, and which are despised, grow together into one body of the Church, that all men, in general, may humble themselves, and extol the grace of God. Thirdly, Luke seemeth to note the cause why there were so many added, and the kingdom of Christ was, in such short time, so spread abroad and enlarged at Thessalonica; to wit, because that was no small help, that chief men, and men of honor, did show other men the way, because the common sort is for the most part moved by authority. And though this were no meet stay for faith and godliness, yet is it no strange thing for God to bring the unbelievers (who wander as yet in error) to himself, by crooked and byways. − ²⁶² −

Received the word This is the first thing which he commendeth in the men of Thessalonica, that with a willing and ready desire they received the gospel. Secondly, that they confirmed their faith − ²⁶³ by diligent inquisition; so that their faith and godliness are commended in the beginning for forwardness, − ²⁶⁴ and in process they are praised for their constancy and fervent desire they had to profit. And surely this is the first entrance into faith that we be ready to follow, and that, abandoning the understanding and wisdom of the flesh, − ²⁶⁵ we submit ourselves to Christ, by him to be taught and to obey him. Also Paul himself, in adorning the Thessalonians with this title, doth agree with Saint Luke, ( 1Th 2:13.) −

As touching the second member, this diligence is no small virtue, whereunto Luke saith the faithful were much given for confirmation of their faith. For many who at the first break out − ²⁶⁶ give themselves straightway to idleness, while that they have no care to profit, and so lose that small seed − ²⁶⁷ which they had at the first. −

But two inconveniences − ²⁶⁸ may be in this place objected; for it seemeth to be a point of arrogancy in that they inquire that they may judge; and it seemeth to be a thing altogether disagreeing with that readiness whereof he spake of late; secondly, forasmuch as inquisitions is a sign of doubtfulness, it followeth that they were before endued with no faith, which hath always assurance and certainty joined and linked with it. Unto the first objection I answer, that Luke’s words ought not so to be understood, as if the Thessalonians took upon them to judge, or as though they disputed whether the truth of God were to be received; they did only examine Paul’s doctrine by the rule and square of the Scripture, even as gold is tried in the fire; for the Scripture is the true touchstone whereby all doctrines must be tried. If any man say that this kind of trial is doubtful, forasmuch as the Scripture is oftentimes doubtful, and is interpreted divers ways, I say, that we must also add judgment of the Spirit, who is, not without cause, called the Spirit of discretion, [discernment.] But the faithful must judge of every doctrine no otherwise then out of, and according to, the Scriptures, having the Spirit for their leader and guide. And by this means is refuted that sacrilegious quip [quibble] of the Papists, Because there can be nothing gathered certainly out of the Scriptures, faith doth depend only upon the determination of the Church. For when the Spirit of God doth commend the men of Thessalonica, he prescribeth to us a rule in their example. And in vain should we search the Scriptures, unless they have in them light enough to teach us. −

Therefore, let this remain as a most sure maxim, that no doctrine is worthy to be believed but that which we find to be grounded in the Scriptures. The Pope will have all that received without any more ado, whatsoever he doth blunder out at his pleasure; but shall he be preferred before Paul, concerning whose preaching it was lawful for the disciples to make inquisition? And let us not that this is not spoken of any visured [pretended] Council, but of a small assembly of men, whereby it doth better appear that every man is called to read the Scriptures. So likewise, making of search doth not disagree with the forwardness of faith; for so soon as any man doth hearken, and being desirous to learn, doth show himself attentive, he is now bent and apt to be taught, though he do not fully − ²⁶⁹ give his consent. For example’s sake, an unknown teacher shall profess that he doth bring true doctrine: I will come, being ready to hear, and my mind shall be framed unto the obedience of the truth. Nevertheless, I will weigh with myself what manner [of] doctrine it is which he bringeth; neither will I embrace anything but the certain truth, and that which I know to be the truth. And this is the best moderation, when, being fast bound with the reverence of God, we hear that willingly and quietly which is set before us, as proceeding from him. Nevertheless, we beware of the seducing subtilty of men; neither do our minds throw themselves headlong with a blind rage − ²⁷⁰ to believe every thing without advisement. Therefore, the searching mentioned by Luke doth not tend to that end that we may be slow and unwilling to believe, but rather readiness with judgment is made the mean between lightness and stubbornness. −

Now must we answer the second objection. Faith is contrary to doubtfulness: he which inquireth doubteth; therefore it followeth, that forasmuch as the Thessalonians inquire and make search touching the doctrine of Paul, they were void of faith as yet. But the certainty of faith doth not hinder the confirmation thereof. I call that confirmation when the truth of God is more and more sealed up in our hearts, whereof, notwithstanding, we did not doubt before. For example’s sake, I hear out of the gospel that I am reconciled to God through the grace of Christ, and that my sins are purged [expiated] through his holy blood: there shall be some testimony uttered which shall make me believe this. If afterward I examine and search the Scriptures more thoroughly, I shall find other testimonies oftentimes which shall not only help my faith, but also increase it and establish it, that it may be more sure and settled. In like sort, as concerning understanding, faith is increased by reading the Scriptures. If any man object again, that those men do attribute but small authority to Paul’s doctrine, who search the Scriptures whether these things be so, I answer, that such are the proceedings of faith, that they sometimes seek for that in the Scripture whereof they are already persuaded by God, and have the inward testimony of the Spirit. And Luke doth not say that the faith of the Thessalonians was in all points perfect; but he doth only declare how they were brought to Christ, − ²⁷¹ and how they did profit in faith, until the absolute building of godliness might be erected among them. −

Calvin: Act 17:12 - And many believed

12.And many believed This is not referred unto the sentence next going before, as if those of whom he spake began to believe, making choice of some of them: for that were an absurd thing. But Luke’s meaning is, because many were added by their example, the Church was increased in that city. And hitherto hath Luke declared the first beginning of the church of Thessalonica, lest any man should think that Paul’s labors did perish through his sudden and violent departure; for unless I be much deceived, he showeth for this purpose what fruit his preaching brought forth in the other city, before he came to the exile of Berea. −

Calvin: Act 17:13 - And when the Jews

13.And when the Jews We see how the Jews were carried to and fro with such hatred of the gospel as could never be appeased. For they do not only expel Christ furiously when he is offered unto them at home; but when they hear that he is preached elsewhere, they run thither like mad men. But we must not so much in this place consider the fury of the nation as the desperate malice of Satan, who pricketh forward those which be his to trouble the kingdom of Christ, and to destroy man’s salvation; and he useth them as fans to raise sedition. Wherefore, let us know, that when at this day so many furious enemies do set themselves against the faithful ministers of Christ, it is not men which procure the war, but it is Satan, the father of lying, who doth go about all these things that he may overthrow the kingdom of Christ. ( Joh 8:44.) And though there be not always the same form in fighting and encountering, yet will Satan never cease to make weary those whom he knoweth to serve Christ faithfully, either with open war, or secret lying in wait, or domestical combats.

Defender: Act 17:11 - searched the scriptures daily

The new Christians at Berea provide the "noble" example for all new converts. Even those who nominally believe the Bible, such as those at Thessalonica, urgently need to study it daily for themselves, not simply relying on the expositions of a pastor or Bible teacher, no matter how capable he may be."

TSK: Act 17:10 - the brethren // Berea // went

the brethren : Act 17:14, Act 9:25, Act 23:23, Act 23:24; Jos 2:15, Jos 2:16; 1Sa 19:12-17, 1Sa 20:42

Berea : Act 17:13, Act 20:4

went : Act 17:2, Act 14:6, Act 14:7; 1Th 2:2

TSK: Act 17:11 - more // they received // and searched

more : Pro 1:5, Pro 9:9; Jer 2:21; Joh 1:45-49

they received : Act 2:41, Act 10:33, Act 11:1; Job 23:12; Pro 2:1-5, Pro 8:10; Mat 13:23; 1Th 1:6, 1Th 2:13; 2Th 2:10; Jam 1:21; 1Pe 2:2

and searched : Psa 1:2, Psa 1:3, Psa 119:97, Psa 119:100,Psa 119:148; Isa 8:20, Isa 34:16; Luk 16:29, Luk 24:44; Joh 3:21; Joh 5:39; 2Ti 3:15-17; 1Pe 1:10-12; 2Pe 1:19-21; 1Jo 4:5, 1Jo 4:6

TSK: Act 17:12 - many // honourable

many : Act 17:2-4, Act 13:46, Act 14:1; Psa 25:8, Psa 25:9; Joh 1:45-49, Joh 7:17; Eph 5:14; Jam 1:21

honourable : Act 13:50; 1Co 1:26; Jam 1:10

TSK: Act 17:13 - the Jews // stirred

the Jews : Act 17:5; Mat 23:13; 1Th 2:14-16

stirred : Act 6:12, Act 14:2, Act 21:27; 1Ki 21:25; Pro 15:18, Pro 28:25; Luk 12:51

TSK: Act 17:14 - then // as it // but

then : Act 17:10, Act 9:25, Act 9:30; Mat 10:23

as it : Act 20:3; Jos 2:16

but : Act 19:22; 1Ti 1:3; Tit 1:5

TSK: Act 17:15 - Athens // receiving

Athens : Act 18:1; 1Th 3:1

receiving : Act 18:5; 2Ti 4:10,2Ti 4:11, 2Ti 4:20,2Ti 4:21; Tit 3:12

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Act 17:10 - Berea // Went into the synagogue of the Jews

Berea a city of Macedonia, not far from Pella and Thessalonica.

Went into the synagogue of the Jews they went still first unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel; in which Paul’ s invincible love, which he speaks of, Rom 9:2,3 , does manifestly appear. The Jews had every where endeavoured his destruction; he still requites them (what he may) in promoting their salvation.

Poole: Act 17:11 - Searched the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so

The Jews of Berea did excel those of Thessalonica, not so much in birth as in disposition: they were not so prejudiced and obstinate; they patiently heard Paul; they seriously thought upon what he had said, and compared it with the Scriptures. And thus God gave them the preparation of the heart; and they brought their empty vessels. No wonder then that the oil of grace ran into them, and filled them. The Jews call their learned men, the sons of nobles; and according to that expression, these Bereans, that had acted so ingenuously and wisely, were said to be more noble.

Searched the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so: truth dares abide the test; only false wares need a dark shop to put them off in. The Scriptures only are our infallible rule; for they come from God, 2Ti 3:16 , who cannot lie, Tit 1:2 .

Poole: Act 17:12

God blessing his own gifts, and giving still unto them that had, and made use of them. And would we also lay aside all filthiness, and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the ingrafted word, which is able to save our souls, Jam 1:21 , we should find the hand of the Lord not to be shortened, but his word as powerful, as piercing, as converting as ever.

Poole: Act 17:13

As the waves are stirred with the wind; a fit metaphor to represent the fickle multitude by, that, as the sea, now rolls one way, then another; or as tottering buildings, that shake with every wind.

Poole: Act 17:14 - To go as it were to the sea // But Silas and Timotheus abode there still

To go as it were to the sea that they might give over the pursuit of him; or, at least, be disappointed if they did pursue him, being he went on foot to Athens.

But Silas and Timotheus abode there still the fury of the persecutors not being so hot against them as against Paul, who was more known or maligned than Silas or Timotheus: or these might abide there longer, having their relations in Macedonia.

Poole: Act 17:15 - They that conducted Paul // Athens

They that conducted Paul who accompanied, and had undertaken to secure him.

Athens the Greece of Greece, or the eye of Greece; as Greece was accounted the eye of the world; and yet, with all its learning, did not attain to saving knowledge, until Paul came and preached it. Satan’ s malice still causes the gospel to spread.

Haydock: Act 17:10 - Synagogue

Synagogue. In flying from the face of persecution in due season, St. Paul imitated the instruction and example of his master. When his labours are unsuccessful in one place, he renews them in another, and wherever he is, his object is always the same, to announce the truth to the Jews first, then to the Gentiles. (Denis the Carthusian)

Haydock: Act 17:11 - These were more noble than those of Thessalonica // Searching the Scriptures // Daily searching the Scriptures

These were more noble than those of Thessalonica. According to the common exposition, the sense is, that these of Berœa, were of a more noble and generous disposition of mind, not carried away with envy and malice, like those of Thessalonica. ---

Searching the Scriptures, or those places of the prophets by which St. Paul proved that Jesus was the Messias, who was to suffer death, &c. (Witham) ---

Daily searching the Scriptures, &c. The sheep are not hereby made judges of their pastors, the people of the priests, and lay men and women of St. Paul's doctrine. The Berœans did not read the Old Testament (and the New was not then published) to dispute with the apostles, or to sanction his doctrines: but it was a great comfort and confirmation to the Jews that had the Scriptures, to find, even as St. Paul said, that Christ was God, crucified, risen, and ascended to heaven; which by his expounding they understood, and never before, though they read them, and heard them read every sabbath. So it is a great comfort to a Catholic to see in the Scriptures the clear passages that prove the truth of his tenets, and shew the grounds for his hopes. But this by no means authorizes him to be judge of the true pastors of the Church, whom he is commanded by Jesus Christ to hear and obey, and from whom they are to learn the genuine sense of the Scriptures.

Gill: Act 17:10 - And the brethren // immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto Berea // Who coming thither // went into the synagogue of the Jews

And the brethren,.... The believers in Thessalonica, the young converts there, who were full of love and affection to their spiritual fathers:

immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto Berea; another city in Macedonia: and so it is placed by Pliny ^l in the north part of it; and, according to Ptolomy ^m it was, in that part of Macedonia called Emathia, and was not far from Pella, the native place of Alexander the great. It is now called Veria; some say it was called Berea from Beraea, daughter of Beres, son of Macedo, by whom it is said to have been built; others from Pheron; and some think it has some agreement with the Syriac word Barja and Baraitha; since what is called Berytus, is Beroe with others: there was besides this another Beraea, a city of Syria, which Josephus ⁿ speaks of; and is mentioned by Pliny ^o along with Hierapolis and Chalcis, and very likely is the same that is spoken of in:

"But the King of kings moved Antiochus' mind against this wicked wretch, and Lysias informed the king that this man was the cause of all mischief, so that the king commanded to bring him unto Berea, and to put him to death, as the manner is in that place.'' (2 Maccabees 13:4)

Hither the brethren sent Paul and Silas, when it was night and dark, and they could pass unobserved, in order to preserve them from the fury of the mob.

Who coming thither; to Berea; that is, Paul and Silas:

went into the synagogue of the Jews; which was in that city; not being at all daunted or discouraged with what they had met with at Thessalonica.

Gill: Act 17:11 - These were more noble than those in Thessalonica // in that they received the word with all readiness // And searched the Scriptures daily whether those things were so

These were more noble than those in Thessalonica,.... That is, the Jews at Berea were more noble than the Jews in Thessalonica, as the Syriac version expresses it; for the comparison is not between the native inhabitants of Berea and Thessalonica, but between the Jews that dwelt in these places: and the one being "more noble" than the other, does not refer to their birth, lineage, and descent, as in 1Co 1:26 few such were called; and besides, both sorts were Jews, and of the same descent; and as for the proselytes in both places, there were some of the chief and honourable women converted in each: but to their minds, dispositions, and manners; the one were more candid, and ingenuous, and open to conviction and susceptive of the word, than the other; and used the apostles with better manners, with more mildness and gentleness, willing to hear what they had to say, without contradicting and blaspheming, and to examine with patience and candour what they delivered. Not that there is in any man, nor was there in those men naturally a disposition to attend to, and regard the Gospel of Christ; for there is a natural enmity in the minds of men to it, and with them it is folly and nonsense; nor are there any previous dispositions in the minds of men qualifying them for the grace of God; nor is anything of this kind a reason why some, and not others, are called by grace, for all are children of wrath, and none better than others; but this more noble disposition of mind and conduct was owing to the grace of God bestowed upon them; and which showed itself in the following instance:

in that they received the word with all readiness; or "who received", &c. which is a character, not of the Thessalonian Jews, as some think; though it is true of them that they received the word with joy of the Holy Ghost, and not as the word of man, but as the word of God, it coming to them not in word only, but in power, 1Th 1:5 but of the Beran Jews, who exceeded them, who showed at once a readiness and eager desire to attend the Gospel, and embrace it. This is to be understood not of the essential word Christ; though as it is true of him, that he is the word, and he is said to be received, and that readily and willingly, so these Bereans did receive him by faith, they believed in him, and made a profession of him; nor of the written word, for that is designed by the Scriptures, which they searched daily, and by which they examined, tried, and judged of the word they received; but of the word spoken by the apostle, the word of truth, the Gospel of salvation: this they received into their understandings, not merely notionally, so as to give their assent to it; but spiritually and experimentally, so as to feel the power, and enjoy the comfort of it, their understandings being opened by the Spirit of God for this purpose; otherwise the Gospel is unknown unto, and rejected by the natural man: they received the love of the truth, or the word of truth into their affections, not with a mere carnal flashy affection, arising from a principle of self-love; but with a spiritual affection of the Holy Ghost, with real solid gladness, it bringing the good news of salvation by Christ to them who saw themselves miserable, and undone: they received it into their hearts, so that it had a place there, and worked effectually in them: they believed it, not with a mere historical faith, but from the heart obeyed this form of doctrine delivered to them; and this they did with all readiness, as an hungry man receives his food, and greedily feeds upon it, or as a man ready to perish receives and lays hold on anything that offers for his safety.

And searched the Scriptures daily whether those things were so: they did not dispute with, and cavil at the apostle, as the Thessalonian Jews first did, Act 17:2 nor did they receive the word, right or wrong, or with an implicit faith; but they immediately betook themselves to reading and searching the writings of the Old Testament, to see whether the things which the apostle preached, concerning the Messiah, his incarnation, obedience, sufferings, death, and resurrection from the dead, were agreeable to them, or no; determining, if they were not, to reject them, but if they were, to embrace them, as they did; see Joh 5:39 and this they did continually day after day. They were neither backward to hear and receive the word, nor slothful to examine it.

Gill: Act 17:12 - Therefore many of them believed // also of honourable women which were Greeks, and of men not a few

Therefore many of them believed,.... What the apostle preached, and in Jesus of Nazareth, as the true Messiah, and professed their faith in him, upon finding, through reading and searching the Scriptures, that the characters of the Messiah agreed in him, and that what the apostle delivered were entirely consonant to those writings:

also of honourable women which were Greeks, and of men not a few; besides the Jews, there were Gentiles also, both men and women; who were proselytes to the Jewish religion, and who were persons of figure and credit, especially the women, who were also converted and believed in Christ. These converts were the beginning of a Gospel church state in this place, which continued many ages after. Timon, one of the first seven deacons of the church at Jerusalem, is said to be bishop of Berea; though, according to others, Onesimus, the servant of Philemon, was the first bishop of this church: even in the fifth century mention is made of Lucas, bishop of Berea, who was present in the synods of Chalcedon and Ephesus; yea, in the ninth century, there were Christians dwelling in this place ^p.

Gill: Act 17:13 - But when the Jews of Thessalonica // had knowledge that the word of God was preached of Paul at Berea // they came thither also // and stirred up the people

But when the Jews of Thessalonica,.... The unbelieving Jews there,

had knowledge that the word of God was preached of Paul at Berea; which they came at, either by persons that came from thence to Thessalonica, or by letters sent them:

they came thither also; as the Jews from Antioch and Iconium came to Lystra on a like account, Act 14:19

and stirred up the people; the common people, the natives of the place, against the apostles; suggesting that they were wicked men, and enemies to all laws, human or divine, civil or religious.

Gill: Act 17:14 - And then immediately the brethren // sent away Paul // to go as it were to the sea // but Silas and Timotheus abode there still

And then immediately the brethren,.... That were at Berea, the new converts there:

sent away Paul, whom they knew the Jews mostly sought after, and were offended with:

to go as it were to the sea; the Aegean sea, or Archipelago, near to which Berea was: this seems to have been done, in order to make the people conclude that he intended to take shipping, and go into some other parts of the world, when the design was to go to Athens by foot, and so be safe from any lying in wait of his persecutors: the Alexandrian copy, the Vulgate Latin, and the Oriental versions read, "to go to the sea"; to the sea side, whither it seems he did go; and yet it looks as if he did not go by sea, but by land, to Athens:

but Silas and Timotheus abode there still; at Berea, to confirm and strengthen the young converts there made.

Gill: Act 17:15 - And they that conducted Paul // brought him unto Athens // And receiving a commandment // unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed

And they that conducted Paul,.... From Berea to the sea side:

brought him unto Athens; a famous city in Attica, where both ^q Pliny and Ptolomy ^r place it, well known for the learning and wisdom of the ancient philosophers, who had their schools and universities in it; the former of these calls it a free city, and says, it needed no description nor commendation, its fame was so diffused everywhere. The account Jerom ^s gives of it is,

"Athens, a city in Achaia, dedicated to the studies of philosophy, which though but one, is always used to be called in the plural number; its haven, called the Piraeum, is described as fortified with seven walls.''

The city itself stood about two miles from the sea; it had its name either from the Greek word ηθονοη, which signifies the mind of God, as boasting of its divine knowledge; or rather from the word אתין, "Athen", which may be interpreted "strangers", it being originally inhabited by the Pelasgi, who were a set of people that moved from place to place ^t; or because of the great multitude of strangers which flocked from all parts hither for learning, of whom mention is made in Act 17:21. The inhabitants of it have been called by different names; when under the Pelasgi, as Herodotus ^u observes, they were called Cranai; when under King Cecrops, they went by the name of Cecropidae; when Erechtheus had the government, they changed their name into Athenians; from Ion, the son of Xythus, their general, they were called Ionians. This city has gone through different fates: it was burnt by Xerxes, about 480 years before Christ; some years after that it was taken by Lysander; and after that restored to its ancient liberty by Demetrius; after this the Romans were possessed of it; and now it is in the hands of the Turks, and goes by the name of Setines. In Beza's ancient copy it follows, "but he passed through Thessalia, for he was forbidden to preach the word to them"; for as he came from Berea to Athens, he must come through Thessalia; but he made no stay here, but passed through, being forbid to preach the Gospel here, as he had been before to preach it in Asia and Bithynia, Act 16:6 nor have we any account anywhere else of the Gospel being preached in Thessaly; and in the second century, we read of Heathenism prevailing there, and of many gross acts of idolatry, particularly at Pella in Thessaly, a man was sacrificed to the gods: though in the beginning of the fourth century there were bishops out of Thessalia at the synod of Nice; and so there were at the synod at Sardica, about the middle of the same century: in the sixth century, Dion, bishop of Thebes in Thessalia, was in the first synod at Ephesus; and Constantinus, bishop of Demetrias, and Vigilantius of Larissa, both cities in Thessalia, were in another at the same place ^w.

And receiving a commandment; or "a letter from him" as one copy and the Syriac version read; that is, the brethren from Paul:

unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed; to Athens, where he now was: they departed; from Paul at Athens, and came back to Berea.