Teks -- 2 Kings 23:34-37 (NET)

23:34 Pharaoh Necho made Josiah’s son Eliakim king in Josiah’s place, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. He took Jehoahaz to Egypt, where he died. 23:35 Jehoiakim paid Pharaoh the required amount of silver and gold, but to meet Pharaoh’s demands Jehoiakim had to tax the land. He collected an assessed amount from each man among the people of the land in order to pay Pharaoh Necho.

Jehoiakim’s Reign over Judah

23:36 Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother was Zebidah the daughter of Pedaiah, from Rumah. 23:37 He did evil in the sight of the Lord as his ancestors had done.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: 2Ki 23:34 - Jehoiakim

The giving of names was accounted an act of dominion; which therefore parents did to their children, and conquerors to their vassals or tributaries.

Clarke: 2Ki 23:34 - Turned his name to Jehoiakim

Turned his name to Jehoiakim - These names are precisely the same in signification: Eliakim is God shall arise; Jehoiakim, Jehovah shall arise; or, the resurrection of God; the resurrection of Jehovah. That is, God’ s rising again to show his power, justice, etc. The change of the name was to show Nechoh’ s supremacy, and that Jehoiakim was only his vassal or viceroy. Proofs of this mode of changing the name, when a person of greater power put another in office under himself, may be seen in the case of Mattaniah, changed into Zedekiah; Daniel, Mishael, Hananiah, and Azariah, into Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; and Joseph into Zaphnath-paaneah. See Dan 1:6, Dan 1:7; Gen 41:45.

Clarke: 2Ki 23:35 - Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold

Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold - Nechoh had placed him there as viceroy, simply to raise and collect his taxes

Clarke: 2Ki 23:35 - Every one according to his taxation

Every one according to his taxation - That is, each was assessed in proportion to his property: that was the principle avowed: but there is reason to fear that this bad king was not governed by it.

Clarke: 2Ki 23:37 - He did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord

He did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord - He was a most unprincipled and oppressive tyrant. Jeremiah gives us his character at large, Jer 22:13-19, to which the reader will do well to refer. Jeremiah was at that time in the land, and was an eyewitness of the abominations of this cruel king.

TSK: 2Ki 23:34 - Eliakim // the son // turned // Jehoiakim // he came

Eliakim : Jos 18:18; 2Ch 36:3, 2Ch 36:4

the son : 1Ch 3:15

turned : 2Ki 24:17; Gen 41:45; Dan 1:7

Jehoiakim : ""Called Jakim, Mat 1:11."

he came : Jer 22:11, Jer 22:12; Eze 19:3, Eze 19:4

TSK: 2Ki 23:35 - the silver // taxed

the silver : 2Ki 23:33

taxed : 2Ki 15:19, 2Ki 15:20

TSK: 2Ki 23:36 - Jehoiakim // Rumah

am 3394-3405, bc 610-599

Jehoiakim : 1Ch 3:15; 2Ch 36:5; Jer 1:3

Rumah : Josephus here reads Abuma; but he also speaks of Ruma, a village of Galilee.

TSK: 2Ki 23:37 - he did // all that

he did : Jer 22:13-17, Jer 26:20-23, Jer 36:23-26, Jer 36:31; Eze 19:5-9

all that : 2Ch 28:22-25, 2Ch 33:4-10, 2Ch 33:22, 2Ch 33:23

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 2Ki 23:34 - Eliakim the son of Josiah // Turned his name to Jehoiakim // Took Jehoahaz away

Eliakim the son of Josiah whom he perceived to be of a more mild and peaceable disposition.

Turned his name to Jehoiakim because the giving of names was accounted an act and sign of dominion; which therefore parents did to their children, and conquerors to their vassals or tributaries. Compare 2Ki 24:17 Dan 1:7 .

Took Jehoahaz away partly as a punishment for him, and partly that he might give no disturbance to his brother.

Poole: 2Ki 23:36 - When he began to reign

When he began to reign either,

1. When he began to reign alone, and with full power, or after Jehoahaz’ s death; till which the people would not disown him whom they had anointed king, which was esteemed a great tie, 2Sa 19:10 ; nor own or accept Jehoiakim as their king, but only as his brother’ s viceroy, though Pharaoh had by violence forced him upon them. And so Jehoahaz might be his elder brother, and the same who is called Johanan , and is first mentioned, as the eldest son, 1Ch 3:15 , though he may be placed first not in regard of his birth, but of his dignity, the crown being first put upon his head. Or,

2. When he was first set up by Pharaoh; and so this was the elder brother, though by popular violence put by his right: See Poole "2Ki 23:30" .

Poole: 2Ki 23:37

By idolatry, the oppression of his people, and the persecution of the prophets, and other good men, Jer 26:21 Eze 19:5-7 .

Haydock: 2Ki 23:34 - Joakim

Joakim. Thus he asserted his dominion over him, as Nabuchodonosor did afterwards over Matthanias, chap. xxiv. 17., and Daniel i. 6. (Calmet) ---

Eliacim means nearly the same as Joakim, "the Lord's strength," or "appointment." (Menochius)

Haydock: 2Ki 23:36 - Old

Old, of course Josias had him at 15. Some suspect we ought to read 15 here. (Du Hamel)

Haydock: 2Ki 23:37 - Fathers

Fathers, or ancestors, not his immediate father Josias, ver. 32. (Haydock) ---

Joakim chose to imitate the wicked, and was not deterred by the chastisement of his brother. (Calmet) ---

His character was marked with avarice and cruelty. He slew the prophet Urias, Jeremias xxii. 13., and xxvi 23. (Haydock) ---

St. Matthew (i. 11.) calls him Jechonias, (Menochius) 1 Paralipomenon iii. 15.

Gill: 2Ki 23:34 - And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father // and turned his name to Jehoiakim // and took Jehoahaz away // and he came to Egypt, and died there

And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father,.... Not in the room of Jehoahaz; for he did not allow him to be a king, and to have any lawful right to the throne; but, deposing him, set up his elder brother:

and turned his name to Jehoiakim; to show his subjection to him, and that he held his government by him:

and took Jehoahaz away: with him, from Jerusalem, when he departed thence:

and he came to Egypt, and died there: and never returned to Jerusalem, according to the prophecy of Jeremiah, Jer 22:11.

Gill: 2Ki 23:35 - And Jehoiakim gave the silver and gold to Pharaoh // but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh // he exacted the silver and gold of the people of the land // of everyone according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh

And Jehoiakim gave the silver and gold to Pharaoh,.... The one hundred talents of silver and the talent of gold, which he imposed as a tribute upon the land:

but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh; he did not take it out of his own treasures nor the treasures of the house of the Lord, which perhaps might be exhausted, but levied it of the people of the land:

he exacted the silver and gold of the people of the land, required them to pay it in:

of everyone according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh: everyone was taxed according to his abilities, in proportion to what he was worth, or to the estate he was possessed of.

Gill: 2Ki 23:36 - Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign // and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem; and therefore must die at the age of thirty and six // and his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah

Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign,.... And therefore must be two years older than his brother Jehoahaz, who was deposed:

and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem; and therefore must die at the age of thirty and six:

and his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah; which Josephus ^l calls Abuma; but he speaks of a village in Galilee called Ruma ^m; but whether the same with this is not certain.

Gill: 2Ki 23:37 - And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done.

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done. Amon and Manasseh; see 2Ki 23:32.