Teks -- John 20:1-2 (NET)

The Resurrection

20:1 Now very early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene came to the tomb and saw that the stone had been moved away from the entrance. 20:2 So she went running to Simon Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved and told them, “They have taken the Lord from the tomb, and we don’t know where they have put him!”

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Joh 20:1 - Now on the first day of the week

Now on the first day of the week ( tēi de miāi tōn sabbatōn ).

Locative case of time when. Both Mark (Mar 16:2) and Luke (Luk 24:1) have this very idiom of the cardinal tēi miāi , instead of the usual ordinal tēi prōtēi (first), an idiom common in the papyri and in the modern Greek (Robertson, Grammar , p. 671). In all three instances also we have the genitive plural tōn sabbatōn for "the week"as in Act 20:7. The singular sabbaton also occurs for "the week"as in Luk 18:12; Mar 16:9.

Robertson: Joh 20:1 - Cometh Mary Magdalene

Cometh Mary Magdalene ( Maria hē Magdalēnē erchetai ).

Vivid historical present. Mary Magdalene is not to be confounded with Mary of Bethany.

Robertson: Joh 20:1 - While it was yet dark

While it was yet dark ( skotias eti ousēs ).

Genitive absolute. For skotia see Joh 6:17; Mat 10:27. Mark (Mar 16:2) says the sun was risen on their actual arrival. She started from the house while still dark.

Robertson: Joh 20:1 - Taken away

Taken away ( ērmenon ).

Perfect passive participle of airō , predicate accusative in apposition with ton lithon .

Robertson: Joh 20:2 - Runneth

Runneth ( trechei ).

Vivid dramatic present indicative of trechō . John deals only with Mary Magdalene. She left the tomb at once before the rest and without seeing the angels as told in the Synoptics (Mar 16:2-8; Mat 28:5-8; Luk 24:1-8). Luke (Luk 24:9-12) does not distinguish between the separate report of Mary Magdalene and that of the other women.

Robertson: Joh 20:2 - To Simon Peter

To Simon Peter ( pros Simōna Petron ).

Full name as usual in John and back with John and the other disciples. The association of Peter and the other disciple in John 18-21 is like that between Peter and John in Acts 1-5.

Robertson: Joh 20:2 - Loved

Loved ( ephilei ).

Imperfect of phileō for which see Joh 5:20; Joh 11:3 and for distinction from agapaō see Joh 11:5; Joh 13:23; Joh 21:7, Joh 21:15, Joh 21:17.

Robertson: Joh 20:2 - They have taken away

They have taken away ( ēran ).

First aorist active indicative of airō , indefinite plural.

Robertson: Joh 20:2 - We know not

We know not ( ouk oidamen ).

Mary associates the other women with her in her ignorance. For ethēkan (have laid) see Joh 19:42. Mary fears a grave robbery. She has no idea of the resurrection of Jesus.

Vincent: Joh 20:1 - First day of the week

First day of the week ( τῇ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάατον )

The Hebrew idiom, day one of the week . See on Luk 4:31; see on Act 20:7.

Vincent: Joh 20:1 - Dark

Dark

Matthew says, as it began to dawn; Mark, when the sun was risen; Luke, very early in the morning , or at deep dawn; see on Luk 24:1.

Vincent: Joh 20:1 - Taken away

Taken away ( ἠρμένον ἐκ )

Lifted out of . All the Synoptists have rolled .

Vincent: Joh 20:2 - Loved

Loved ( ἐφίλει )

The word for personal affection. In Joh 13:23; Joh 21:7, Joh 21:20, ἠγάπα is used. See on Joh 5:20.

Vincent: Joh 20:2 - We know not

We know not

The plural indicates that Mary was not alone, though she alone is mentioned as coming to the tomb. She may have preceded the others.

Wesley: Joh 20:1

Mat 28:1; Mar 16:1; Luk 24:1.

JFB: Joh 20:1-2 - The first day . . . cometh Mary Magdalene early, &c.

(See on Mar 16:1-4; and Mat 28:1-2).

JFB: Joh 20:1-2 - she runneth and cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved, and saith unto them, They have taken away the Lord out of the sepulchre

Dear disciple! thy dead Lord is to thee "the Lord" still.

Clarke: Joh 20:1 - The first day of the week

The first day of the week - On what we call Sunday morning, the morning after the Jewish Sabbath. As Christ had been buried in haste, these holy women had bought aromatics, Mar 16:1; Luk 24:1, to embalm him afresh, and in a more complete manner than it could have been done by Joseph and Nicodemus. John only mentions Mary of Magdala, because he appears to wish to give a more detailed history of her conduct than of any of the rest; but the other evangelists speak of three persons who went together to the tomb, viz. Mary of Magdala, Mary the mother of James, and Salome: Mat 28:1; Mar 16:1.

Clarke: Joh 20:2 - Then she runneth

Then she runneth - This was after the women had seen the angels, who said he was risen from the dead, Luk 24:4. She told, not only Peter and John, but the other apostles also, Mat 28:8; but only the two disciples above mentioned went to the tomb to see whether what she had said was true

Clarke: Joh 20:2 - They have taken away the Lord

They have taken away the Lord - She mentions nothing of what the angels had said, in her hurry and confusion; she speaks things only by halves; and probably the vision of angels might have appeared to her only as an illusion of her own fancy, and not to be any farther regarded.

Calvin: Joh 20:1 - Now, on the first day of the week // On the first day of the week;

1.Now, on the first day of the week As the resurrection of Christ is the most important article of our faith, and without it the hope of eternal life is extinguished, for this reason the Evangelists are the more careful to prove it, as John here collects many proofs, in order to assure us that Christ is risen from the dead. It may be thought strange, however, that he does not produce more competent witnesses; for he begins with a woman; but thus the saying is fulfilled, that

God chooseth what is weak, and foolish, and contemptible in the world, that he may bring to nought the wisdom, and excellence, and glory, of the flesh,
(1Co 1:27.)

There certainly was nothing more of earthly grandeur in the disciples than in the women who followed Christ; but as Christ was pleased to reckon them the principal witnesses of his resurrection, on this single ground their testimony is entitled to the greatest deference, and is not liable to any objection. As to the priests, and scribes, and the whole people, and even Pilate, nothing but gross and wilful blindness prevented them from firmly believing that Christ was risen. All of them, therefore, deserved that seeing they should not see; yet Christ revealed himself to the little flock.

Before proceeding farther, however, it is necessary to show how the Evangelists agree with each other; for, at first sight, there appears to be some contradiction in their words. John mentions but one woman, Mary Magdalene; Mat 28:1 mentions two, Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary; Mar 16:1 mentions three, Mary Magdalene, and Mary (the mother) of James, and Salome; Luk 24:10 does not fix the number, but only relates that women came, who had followed Christ from Galilee. But the difficulty is easily solved in this manner. As Matthew inserts the names of two women who were best known, and had the highest reputation among the disciples, so John satisfies himself with mentioning the name of Mary Magdalene alone, but yet does not exclude the others; and, indeed, it is evident, from viewing his words in their connection, that she was not alone, for, shortly afterwards, Mary Magdalene says, in the plural number, WE know not where they have laid him. Although, therefore, John says nothing about her companions, yet the other Evangelists, who relate that there were many along with her, say nothing that is contradicted by John’s narrative.

The discrepancy as to the time may be easily solved. When John says that they came before daybreak, we must understand, that they had set out on their journey during the darkness of the night; that, before they came to the sepulcher, the day had dawned; and that in the evening, after sunset, when the Sabbath was ended, they had bought the spices; and thus the narrative of the other Evangelists must be reconciled.

It may be thought that there is another appearance of contradiction in its being stated by John, that Mary spoke to none but himself and Peter, while Luk 24:10 relates, that she came to the eleven Apostles, and that her words appeared to them to be idle tales. But this is easily explained, for John intentionally passed by the rest of the Apostles, because it was only himself and Peter that came to the sepulcher. As to Luke mentioning Peter alone, it is for the same reason as we have just now assigned in reference to Mary Megdalene and the rest of the women. It is also probable, that the other nine disciples were restrained by fear, lest they should be too easily observed if they went in a body. Nor is this inconsistent with what Luke appears to suggest, that they despised Mary’s words; for immediately afterwards he adds, that Peter ran, (Luk 24:12.) He therefore means simply that, when they first heard it, they appeared to be astonished, but that at length Peter took courage, and followed her for the purpose of seeing.

When Luke relates that Christ appeared to Mary before that she had informed the disciples that the grave was empty, the order of the narrative is inverted. This is evident from the context, for he adds what, John tells us, happened before she saw Jesus; nor is there any thing strange in this, for the Hebrew writers frequently relate first what is later in the order of time.

On the first day of the week; or, literally, on the first day of the Sabbaths. The Evangelists do not relate when or how Christ rose; for it was enough for them to explain at what time, and to what persons, his resurrection was made known. John therefore says, that Mary came on the first day of the Sabbaths. Literally, the words may be rendered, on One (μιᾷ) day of the Sabbaths; but it is customary with the Hebrews to use the word אהד ( ehad) one, instead of first, because in reckoning we begin with one. Now as every seventh day was dedicated to rest, they called the whole week a Sabbath conferring this honor on the sacredness of the day, that the rest of the time was named from it. The women, therefore, came to the sepulcher on the day after the Sabbath, having on the same day (but after sunset) bought spices; and afterwards went out of the city secretly, and during the darkness of the night, as people are wont to do when they are afraid. Now, it was the first day of the Sabbaths, with respect to the following Sabbath, because it was the commencement of the week, of which the Sabbath was the close.

Defender: Joh 20:1 - cometh Mary Magdelene

The verb here is actually "went." She apparently met some of the other women who also had gone to the tomb (Mar 16:1). When they saw the stone rolled away, Mary Magdalene ran back to tell John and Peter (who, by this time, had gone back to be with John and Jesus' mother)."

Defender: Joh 20:2 - out of the sepulchre

As the Magdalene woman rushed back to the disciples, the other women encountered the angels, who also told them to go back to tell the other disciples (Mat 28:5-8). In the meantime, Mary reached Peter and John with the disturbing news that either the Jews or Romans had moved the body."

TSK: Joh 20:1 - first // cometh // the stone

first : Joh 20:19, Joh 20:26; Act 20:7; 1Co 16:2; Rev 1:10

cometh : Mary Magdalene, as well as Peter, was evidently at the sepulchre twice on that morning of the resurrection. The first time of her going was some short time before her companions, the other Mary and Salome (Mat 28:1); and observing that the stone had been removed, she returned to inform Peter and John. In the meantime, the other Mary and Salome came to the sepulchre, and saw the angel, as recorded by Matthew and Mark. While these women returned to the city, Peter and John went to the sepulchre, passing them at some distance, or going another way, followed by Mary Magdalene, who stayed after their return. This was her second journey; when she saw two angels, and then Jesus himself, as here related; and immediately after Jesus appeared to the other women, as they returned to the city (Mat 28:9, Mat 28:10). In the meantime Joanna and her company arrived at the sepulchre, when two angels appeared to them, and addressed them as the one angel had done the other women (Luk 24:1-10). They immediately returned to the city, and by some means found the apostles before the others arrived, and informed them of what they had seen; upon which Peter went a second time to the sepulchre, but saw only the linen clothes lying (Luk 24:12). Mat 28:1-10; Mar 16:1, Mar 16:2, Mar 16:9; Luk 24:1-10

the stone : Mat 27:60,Mat 27:64-66, Mat 28:2; Mar 15:46, Mar 16:3, Mar 16:4

TSK: Joh 20:2 - to the // They have taken

to the : Joh 13:23, Joh 19:26, Joh 21:7, Joh 21:20,Joh 21:24

They have taken : Joh 20:9, Joh 20:13, Joh 20:15; Mat 27:63, Mat 27:64

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Joh 20:1 - Chapter Introduction

Joh 20:1-10 Mary Magdalene, seeing the stone taken away from the

sepulchre, runneth to tell Peter and John, who go

thither, and find not the body.

Joh 20:11-18 Mary seeth two angels sitting in the sepulchre;

Jesus himself appeareth to her.

Joh 20:19-23 He appeareth to his disciples.

Joh 20:24,25 The incredulity of Thomas.

Joh 20:26-29 Jesus appeareth again to the disciples, and

satisfieth the doubts of Thomas; who confesseth him.

Joh 20:30,31 The sufficiency of what is written for a ground of

salvation.

Chapter Introduction

The evangelist St. John giving a fuller account than the other evangelists of Christ’ s resurrection, and his converse upon the earth forty days, until he ascended up into heaven, we have in our notes on the other evangelists been shorter, reserving ourselves for a fuller account of it till we should come to these two last chapters of this evangelist.

Matthew saith, In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week; he also mentions another Mary in company with Mary Magdalene. Mark tells us that other Mary was the mother of James and Salome. Luke saith, they came, referring to the women which came with him from Galilee, Luk 23:55 . For the time, Luke saith it was upon the first day of the week; Mark saith it was when the sabbath was past; our evangelist saith it was when it was yet dark; so that Matthew’ s oqe de sabbatwn , which we translate, in the end of the sabbath, must be interpreted by Mark, when the sabbath was past; and indeed Matthew plainly expounds himself, adding, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week; which must be seven or eight hours after the Jewish sabbath was ended, for that ended with the setting of the sun the night before. The other evangelists tell us, that the design of their coming was to show their last act of love, in anointing or embalming the body of Jesus; for which purpose they had bought materials the night wherein he was crucified, but rested on the sabbath day, which ending about sunset, probably they slept some hours, and early in the morning, in the twilight, they come with their spices. Hence appears, that there is no contradiction at all between the four evangelists about the time of these women’ s coming to the sepulchre. Matthew saith it was about the dawning of the first day of the week; Mark saith it was when the sabbath was past; Luke saith it was upon the first day of the week; so saith John: which would make one admire that so many words should have been spent by divines in untying a knot here, where there is indeed none. Though John, in his history of our Saviour’ s burial, saith nothing of any stone rolled to the mouth of the sepulchre; yet Matthew doth; and of the Jews’ sealing of it, and setting a watch, Mat 27:64-66 . Mark (Mar 16:3 ) tells us also, that these women were thoughtful as they came, who should roll the stone away; and Matthew also tells us how it came rolled away, viz. by an angel. John saith nothing but that the stone was rolled away. So then the history runs thus: Early on the first day of the week an angel, in a glorious appearance, (described by Mark), cometh down, rolleth away the stone from the mouth of the sepulchre, and Christ ariseth: soon after, these women came with spices, and were thoughtful as they came who should roll away the stone; but when they came to the sepulchre they found that, as to that, their cares were needless, for the stone was rolled away to their hands.

Poole: Joh 20:2 - Then she runneth

Then she runneth that is, Mary Magdalene ran into the city to tell Peter; and that seemeth to be the reason why John mentions only her going to the sepulchre: but yet Luke Luk 24:10 makes not Mary Magdalene only, but Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, the reporters of the news to the apostles; but possibly she was the most forward and first reporter of it. She came to the eleven, and told all these things to them, Luk 24:9 , but possibly her chief discourse was with Simon Peter, and John, the beloved disciple: she complains to them that her Lord was removed out of the sepulchre, whither and by whom she knew not. But how did they know that? Mark saith, they entered into the sepulchre, Mar 16:5 . Or if that were after, as it should seem by Joh 20:11 of this chapter; they guessed that the body was gone when they saw the stone rolled away, and the door open.

Haydock: Joh 20:1

As our Saviour had been interred in great haste, the holy women who had before accompanied Jesus in all his journeys, brought perfumes to embalm his sacred body again, in a manner more proper, than Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea had been able to do before. St. John makes mention of Mary Magdalene only, because it was his intention to give a particular relation of all that she did: but we learn from the other evangelists, that there were three holy women at the sepulchre together, viz. Mary Magdalene, Mary, the mother of James, and Salome. (Calmet) ---

This was on the first day of the week, the morrow of the sabbath. (Bible de Vence) ---

Christ rose again, leaving the stone and seals still lying on the sepulchre. But as this was to be believed by others also, after the resurrection, the tomb was opened, and thus the belief of what had taken place, propagated. This it was that struck Magdalene; for as soon as she saw the stone rolled from the sepulchre, without entering, or even looking into it, she immediately ran, in the ardour fo her affection, to carry the news to the disciples. (St. John Chrysostom, hom. lxxxiv. in Joan.)

Gill: Joh 20:1 - The first day of the week // cometh Mary Magdalene // early, when it was yet dark // unto the sepulchre // and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre

The first day of the week,.... On the sixth day of the week, towards the close of it, Christ was interred; he lay in the grave all the seventh day, and on the first day of the week rose from the dead: so the women, after they had observed where the body was laid, went home and prepared spices and ointments, to anoint it; but the sabbath coming on, they were prevented; on which they rested, according to the Jewish law: but as soon as it was over,

cometh Mary Magdalene; not alone, but other women with her; who had attended Christ at the cross, observed where he was buried, and had prepared spices to anoint him, and now came for that purpose; for not merely to see the sepulchre, and weep at the grave, did she with the rest come, but to perform this piece of funeral service:

early, when it was yet dark; as it was when she set out, the day just began to dawn; though by that time she got to the sepulchre, the sun was rising:

unto the sepulchre; where she saw the body of Jesus laid by Joseph, in a tomb of his, and in his garden; by whose leave, it is probable, being asked over night, she with her companions were admitted:

and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre: which Joseph rolled there, and the Pharisees sealed and set a watch to observe it. This was removed by an angel; for though Christ himself could easily have done it, it was proper it should be done by a messenger from heaven, by the order of divine justice, who had laid him as a prisoner there. Mary's coming so early to the grave, shows her great love and affection to Christ, her zeal, courage, and diligence, in manifesting her respect unto him: and oftentimes so it is, that the greatest sinners, when converted, are most eminent for grace, particularly faith, love, and humility; and are most diligent in the discharge of duty.

Gill: Joh 20:2 - Then she runneth and cometh to Simon Peter // and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved // and saith unto them, they have taken away the Lord out of the sepulchre, and we know not where they have laid him

Then she runneth and cometh to Simon Peter,.... That is, after she had not only seen that the stone was took away, but had looked into the sepulchre, and saw that the body of Christ was removed; for otherwise she could not have said, that it was took away out of it: upon which she made all the haste she could to Peter; who, where he was she knew; and she was particularly bid by the angel she saw in the sepulchre, to go to him:

and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved; John the writer of this Gospel; for these two were together, as they usually were; nor were they alone, for the rest of the disciples were with them:

and saith unto them, they have taken away the Lord out of the sepulchre, and we know not where they have laid him. The Oriental versions, the Syriac, Arabic, Persic, and Ethiopic, read, "I know not where they have laid him"; who they were that had taken the body of Christ away, whether friends or enemies, she could not say; nor did she, or any of the women that were with her, know where it was put; whether in some other grave, or was exposed to the insults of men, or to birds and beasts of prey; whether it was laid in a more suitable and convenient place, or in a scandalous one; and whether this removal was for his greater honour, or reproach; to know this, gave her great concern and uneasiness, as she knew it must the disciples also: so Christ, in a spiritual sense, may be removed from his people for a time, and they know not where he is; sometimes he removes himself, to chastise them for their former carriage, to try and exercise their grace, to inflame their love to him, and sharpen their desires after him, and to endear his presence to them the more, when they enjoy it again; sometimes he is taken away from them by preachers, when they leave him out of their discourses; and by their own sins and transgressions, which separate between him and them, with respect to communion; and who, for a time, may not know where to find him: and for the direction of such it may be observed, that he is to be found in the ministration of his word and ordinances in his churches.