Teks -- Job 27:19-23 (NET)

27:19 He goes to bed wealthy, but will do so no more. When he opens his eyes, it is all gone. 27:20 Terrors overwhelm him like a flood; at night a whirlwind carries him off. 27:21 The east wind carries him away, and he is gone; it sweeps him out of his place. 27:22 It hurls itself against him without pity as he flees headlong from its power. 27:23 It claps its hands at him in derision and hisses him away from his place.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: Job 27:19 - Lie down

In death.

Wesley: Job 27:19 - Not gathered

Instead of that honourable interment with his fathers, his carcase shall lie like dung upon the earth.

Wesley: Job 27:19 - One openeth his eyes

That is, while a man can open his eyes, in the twinkling of an eye. He is as if he had never been, dead and gone, and his family and name extinct with him.

Wesley: Job 27:20 - Terrors

From the sense of approaching death or judgment.

Wesley: Job 27:20 - Waters

As violently and irresistibly, as a river breaking its banks, or deluge of waters bears down all before it.

Wesley: Job 27:20 - A tempest

God's wrath cometh upon him like a tempest, and withal unexpectedly like a thief in the night.

Wesley: Job 27:21 - East

wind - Some terrible judgment, fitly compared to the east - wind, which in those parts was most vehement, and pernicious.

Wesley: Job 27:21 - Carrieth him

Out of his palace wherein he expected to dwell forever; whence he shall be carried either by an enemy, or by death.

Wesley: Job 27:22 - Cast

His darts or plagues one after another.

Wesley: Job 27:22 - Would flee

He earnestly desires to escape the judgments of God, but in vain. Those that will not be persuaded to fly to the arms of Divine grace, which are now stretched out to receive them, will not be able to flee from the arms of Divine wrath, which will shortly be stretched out to destroy them.

Wesley: Job 27:23 - Clap

In token of their joy at the removal of such a publick pest, by way of astonishment: and in contempt and scorn, all which this gesture signifies in scripture use.

Wesley: Job 27:23 - His

In token of detestation and derision.

JFB: Job 27:19 - gathered

Buried honorably (Gen 25:8; 2Ki 22:20). But UMBREIT, agreeably to Job 27:18, which describes the short continuance of the sinner's prosperity, "He layeth himself rich in his bed, and nothing is robbed from him, he openeth his eyes, and nothing more is there." If English Version be retained, the first clause probably means, rich though he be in dying, he shall not be honored with a funeral; the second, When he opens his eyes in the unseen world, it is only to see his destruction: the Septuagint reads for "not gathered," He does not proceed, that is, goes to his bed no more. So MAURER.

JFB: Job 27:20

(Job 18:11; Job 22:11, Job 22:21). Like a sudden violent flood (Isa 8:7-8; Jer 47:2): conversely (Psa 32:6).

JFB: Job 27:21

(Job 21:18; Job 15:2; Psa 58:9).

JFB: Job 27:22 - cast

Namely, thunderbolts (Job 6:4; Job 7:20; Job 16:13; Psa 7:12-13).

JFB: Job 27:23 - clap . . . hands

For joy at his downfall (Lam 2:15; Nah 3:19).

JFB: Job 27:23 - hiss

Deride (Jer 25:9). Job alludes to Bildad's words (Job 18:18).

In the twenty-seventh chapter Job had tacitly admitted that the statement of the friends was often true, that God vindicated His justice by punishing the wicked here; but still the affliction of the godly remained unexplained. Man has, by skill, brought the precious metals from their concealment. But the Divine Wisdom, which governs human affairs, he cannot similarly discover (Job 28:12, &c.). However, the image from the same metals (Job 23:10) implies Job has made some way towards solving the riddle of his life; namely, that affliction is to him as the refining fire is to gold.

Clarke: Job 27:19 - The rich man shall lie down

The rich man shall lie down - In the grave. But he shall not be gathered - Neither have a respectable burial among men, nor be gathered with the righteous in the kingdom of God. It may be that Job alludes here to an opinion relative to the state of certain persons after death, prevalent in all nations in ancient times, viz., that those whose funeral rites had not been duly performed, wander about as ghosts, and find no rest

Clarke: Job 27:19 - He openeth his eyes

He openeth his eyes - In the morning of the resurrection

Clarke: Job 27:19 - And he is not

And he is not - He is utterly lost and undone for ever. This seems to be the plain sense of the passage; and so all the versions appear to have understood it; but Reiske and some others, by making יאסף yeaseph an Arabic word, signifying, not the idea of gathering, but care, anxiety, etc., have quite altered this sense of the passage; and Mr. Good, who copies them, translates thus: Let the rich man lie down, and care not. I see no manner of occasion to resort to this interpretation, which, in my judgment, gives a sense inferior to that given above, or to the following: The rich man shall lie down - go to his rest, fully persuaded that his property is in perfect safety; but he shall not be gathered, or he shall not gather - make any farther addition to his stores: he openeth his eyes in the morning, when he is not - marauders in the night have stripped him of all his property, as in the case of Job himself; a case quite probable, and not unfrequent in Arabia, when a hostile tribe makes a sudden incursion, and carries off an immense booty. But I prefer the first meaning, as it is obtained without crucifying the text. Coverdale translates: When the rich man dyeth, he carieth nothinge with him: he is gone in the twincklinge of an eye.

Clarke: Job 27:20 - Terrors take hold on him as waters

Terrors take hold on him as waters - They come upon him as an irresistible flood; and he is overwhelmed as by a tempest in the night, when darkness partly hides his danger, and deprives him of discerning the way to escape.

Clarke: Job 27:21 - The east wind carrieth him away

The east wind carrieth him away - Such as is called by Mr. Good, a levanter, the euroclydon, the eastern storm of Act 27:14.

Clarke: Job 27:22 - God shall cast upon him

God shall cast upon him - Or, rather, the storm mentioned above shall incessantly pelt him, and give him no respite; nor can he by any means escape from its fury.

Clarke: Job 27:23 - Men shall clap their hands at him

Men shall clap their hands at him - These two verses refer to the storm, which is to sweep away the ungodly; therefore the word God, in Job 27:22, and men in this verse, should be omitted

Job 27:22 : "For it shall fall upon him, and not spare: flying from its power he shall continue to fly

Job 27:23. It shall clap its hands against him, and hiss, וישרק veyishrok , shriek, him out of his place.

Here the storm is personified and the wicked actor is hissed and driven by it from off the stage. It seems it was an ancient method to clap the hands against and hiss a man from any public office, who had acted improperly in it. The populace, in European countries, express their disapprobation of public characters who have not pleased them in the same manner to the present day, by hisses, groans, and the like.

TSK: Job 27:19 - shall lie // gathered // he openeth // he is not

shall lie : Job 14:13-15, Job 21:23-26, Job 21:30, Job 30:23

gathered : Gen 49:10; Jer 8:2; Mat 3:12, Mat 23:37

he openeth : Job 20:7-9; Psa 58:9, Psa 73:19, Psa 73:20

he is not : Job 8:22, Job 14:10, Job 14:12, Job 24:24 *marg.

TSK: Job 27:20 - Terrors // a tempest

Terrors : Job 15:21, Job 18:11, Job 22:16; Psa 18:4, Psa 42:7, Psa 69:14, Psa 69:15; Jon 2:3

a tempest : Job 20:23, Job 21:18; Exo 12:29; 2Ki 19:35; Dan 5:30

TSK: Job 27:21 - east wind // a storm

east wind : Jer 18:17; Hos 13:15

a storm : Exo 9:23-25; Psa 11:6, Psa 58:9, Psa 83:15; Nah 1:3-8; Mat 7:27

TSK: Job 27:22 - For God // not spare // he would fain flee

For God : Exo 9:14; Deu 32:23; Jos 10:11

not spare : Deu 29:20; Eze 9:5, Eze 9:6; Rom 8:32; 2Pe 2:4, 2Pe 2:5

he would fain flee : Heb. in fleeing he would flee, Job 20:24; Exo 14:25-28; Jdg 4:17-21; Isa 10:3; Amo 2:14, Amo 9:1-3

TSK: Job 27:23 - clap // hiss him

clap : Est 9:22-25; Pro 11:10; Lam 2:15; Rev 18:20

hiss him : 1Ki 9:8; Jer 19:8; Mic 6:16; Zep 2:15

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Job 27:19 - Shall lie down // He shall not be gathered // He openeth his eyes // He is not

Shall lie down either,

1. To sleep; as this word is used, Gen 19:35 Deu 6:7 , &c. Or,

2. In death, of which it is used, 2Sa 7:12 .

He shall not be gathered to wit, in burial, of which this word is used, 2Ki 22:20 Jer 8:2 25:33 . Instead of that honourable interment and burial with his fathers which he expected, he shall be buried with the burial of an ass; his carcass shall lie like dung upon the earth.

He openeth his eyes so the sense is either,

1. He awaketh in the morning, promising to himself a happy day. Or,

2. He looks about him for help and relief in his extremity. But the words are and may be rendered thus, one openeth his eyes , i.e. whilst a man can open his eyes, in a moment, or in the twinkling of an eye.

He is not he is as if he had never been, dead and gone, and his family and name extinct with him.

Poole: Job 27:20 - Terrors take hold on him // As waters // A tempest stealeth him away in the night

Terrors take hold on him from the sense of his approaching death or judgment.

As waters either,

1. In abundance, one terror after another. Or,

2. Violently and irresistibly, as a river breaking its banks, or a deluge of waters bears down and overwhelms all that is before it.

A tempest stealeth him away in the night God’ s wrath and judgment cometh upon him forcibly like a tempest, and withal secretly and unexpectedly, like a thief in the night.

Poole: Job 27:21 - The east wind // Carrieth him away, out of his place

The east wind i.e. some violent and terrible judgment, fitly compared to the east wind, which in those parts was most vehement and furious, and withal pestilent and pernicious; of which see Exo 10:13 14:21 Psa 48:7 78:26 Hos 13:15 Jon 4:8 .

Carrieth him away, out of his place as it follows, out of his stately palace, wherein he expected to dwell for ever; whence he shall be carried either by an enemy, that shall take him and carry him into captivity, or by death.

Poole: Job 27:22 - God shall cast upon him // And not spare // He would fain flee out of his hand

God shall cast upon him his darts or plagues, one after another.

And not spare i.e. shall show no pity nor mercy to him, when he crieth to God for it.

He would fain flee out of his hand he earnestly desires and endeavours by all ways possible to escape the judgments of God, but all in vain.

Poole: Job 27:23 - Men // Shall hiss him // Out of his place

Men who shall see and observe these things,

shall clap their hands partly, in token of their joy at the removal of such a public pest and tyrant; and partly, by way of astonishment; and partly, in contempt, and scorn, or derision; all which this gesture signifies in Scripture use; of which see Lam 2:15 Eze 25:6 Nah 3:19 .

Shall hiss him in token of their amazement, detestation, and derision. See 1Ki 9:8 2Ch 29:8 Jer 25:9 Mic 6:16 .

Out of his place now that he is out of his place and power, which they durst not do whilst he was in his place. Or, the men of his place, that lived with him or near him, and daily felt the effects of his tyranny.

Haydock: Job 27:19 - Nothing

Nothing. His riches are all left behind! The men of riches have slept their sleep, and have found nothing in their hands. They awake as from a dream, (chap. xx. 8.; Haydock) and then they form a true estimate of things. (Menochius) ---

God chiefly punishes the wicked in death, Psalm lxxv. (Worthington)

Haydock: Job 27:20 - Night

Night. Darkness often denotes disgrace and misery.

Haydock: Job 27:22 - And he // Flee

And he (God) shall, or Septuagint the wind, (Calmet) "shall fall upon him." (Haydock) ---

Flee. Yet he will not escape, (Menochius) though he flee with all expedition. (Haydock)

Haydock: Job 27:23 - Place

Place. God having waited patiently a long time, at last displays the effects of his indignation, with a sort of contempt, Proverbs i. 26., and Ezechiel v. 13. (Calmet) (Psalm ii. 4.) (Menochius) (Pineda) ---

Every passenger who shall witness his fall, and his now abandoned place, shall also testify his approbation. (Haydock)

Gill: Job 27:19 - The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered // he openeth his eyes // and it is not

The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered,.... That is, the wicked rich man; and the sense is, either he shall lie down upon his bed, but shall not be gathered to rest, shall get no sleep, the abundance of his riches, and the fear of losing them, or his life for them, will not suffer him to compose himself to sleep; or else it expresses his sudden loss of them, he "lies down" at night to take his rest, "and it is not gathered", his riches are not gathered or taken away from him, but remain with him:

he openeth his eyes: in the morning, when he awakes from sleep:

and it is not; by one providence or another he is stripped of all substance; or rather this is to be understood of his death, and of what befalls him at that time: death is often in Scripture signified by lying down, sleeping, and taking rest, as on a bed, see Job 14:10; rich men die as well as others; their riches cannot profit them, or be of any avail to them to ward off the stroke of death, and their death is miserable; he is "not gathered", or "shall not gather" ^m, he cannot gather up his riches, and carry it with him, Psa 49:15, 1Ti 6:7; "he openeth his eyes" in another world, "and it is not", his riches are not with him; or, as the Vulgate Latin version, "he shall find nothing"; or rather the meaning is, he is "not gathered"; to his grave, as Jarchi and Ben Gersom; and so Mr. Broughton, "he is not taken up", that is, as he interprets it, to be honestly buried. He is not buried in the sepulchres of his ancestors, which is often in Scripture signified by a man being gathered to his people, or to his fathers; but here it is suggested, that, notwithstanding all his riches, he should have no burial, or, what is worse than that, when he dies he should not be gathered to the saints and people of God, or into God's garner, into heaven and happiness: "but he openeth his eyes"; in hell, as the rich man is said to do, and finds himself in inexpressible torment: "and he is not"; on earth, in his palace he built, nor among his numerous family, friends, and acquaintance, and in the possession of his earthly riches, but is in hell in the most miserable and distressed condition that can be conceived of. Some think this last clause respects the suddenness of his death, one "opens his eyes", and looks at him, "and he is not"; he is dead, in the twinkling of an eye, and is no more in the land of the living; but the former sense is best.

Gill: Job 27:20 - Terrors take hold on him as waters // a tempest stealeth him away in the night

Terrors take hold on him as waters,.... The terrors of death, and of an awful judgment that is to come after it; finding himself dying, death is the king of terrors to him, dreading not only the awful stroke of death itself, but of what is to follow upon it; or rather these terrors are those that seize the wicked man after death; perceiving what a horrible condition he is in, the terrors of a guilty conscience lay hold on him, remembering his former sins with all the aggravating circumstances of them; the terrors of the law's curses lighting upon him, and of the wrath and fury of the Almighty pouring out on him and surrounding him, and devils and damned spirits all about him. These will seize him "as waters", like a flood of waters, denoting the abundance of them, "terror on every side", a "Magormissabib", Jer 20:3, will he be, and coming with great rapidity, with an irresistible force, and without ceasing, rolling one after another in a sudden and surprising manner:

a tempest stealeth him away in the night; the tempest of divine wrath, from which there is no shelter but the person, blood, and righteousness of Christ; this comes like a thief, suddenly and unexpectedly, and steals the wicked man out of this world; or rather from the judgment seat, and carries him into the regions of darkness, of horror and black despair, where he is surrounded with the aforesaid terrors; this is said to be in the night, to make it the more shocking and terrible, see Luk 12:19; and may have respect to that blackness that attends a tempest, and to that blackness of darkness reserved for wicked men, Jud 1:13.

Gill: Job 27:21 - The east wind carrieth him away // and he departeth // an as a storm hurleth him out of his place

The east wind carrieth him away,.... Which is very strong and powerful, and carries all before it; afflictions are sometimes compared to it, Isa 27:8; and here either death, accompanied with the wrath of God, which carries the wicked man, sore against his will, out of the world, from his house, his family, his friends, his possessions, and estates, and carries him to hell to be a companion with devils, and share with them in all the miseries of that dreadful state and place. The Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions render it, "a burning wind", such as are frequent in the eastern countries, which carry a man off at once, so that he has only time at most to say, I burn, and immediately drops down dead, as Thevenot, and other travellers, relate; which is thus described;

"it is a wind called "Samiel", or poison wind, a very hot one, that reigns in summer from Mosul to Surrat, but only by land, not upon the water; they who have breathed that wind fall instantly dead upon the place, though sometimes they have time to say that they burn within. No sooner does a man die by this wind but he becomes as black as a coal; and if one take him by his leg, arm, or any other place, his flesh comes from the same, and is plucked off by the hand that would lift him up ⁿ:''

and again, it is observed, that in Persia, if a man, in June or July, breathes in certain hot south winds that come from the sea, he falls down dead, and at most has no more time than to say he burns ^o. Wicked men are like chaff and stubble, and they can no more resist death than either of these can resist the east wind; and they are as easily burnt up and consumed with the burning wind of God's wrath as they are by devouring flames; and though wicked men and hypocrites may think all will be well with them if they have but time to say, Lord have mercy on us; they may be carried off with such a burning wind, or scorching disease, as to be able only to say, that they burn, and not in their bodies only, but in their souls also, feeling the wrath of God in their consciences: or this may have respect to the devouring flames of hell they are surrounded with upon dying, or immediately after death, see Isa 33:14;

and he departeth; out of the world, not willingly, but, whether he will or not, he must depart; or rather he will be bid to depart, and he will depart from the bar of God, from his presence, into everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels:

an as a storm hurleth him out of his place: this is done either at death, when as a storm hurls a tree, or any other thing, out of its place, so is the sinner forced out of his place in a tempestuous manner, through the power and wrath of God, so that his place knows him no more; and he is hurried into hell and everlasting destruction, just as the sinning angels were hurled out of heaven, and cast down into hell, and there will be no place found in heaven for them any more; or rather this will be his case at judgment, which immediately follows, where the wicked shall not stand, or be able to justify themselves, and make their case good; but with the storm of divine wrath and vengeance shall be hurled from thence, and go, being driven, into everlasting punishment.

Gill: Job 27:22 - For God shall cast upon him, and not spare // he would fain flee out of his hands

For God shall cast upon him, and not spare,.... Cast his sins upon him, which will lie as an intolerable weight upon his conscience; and his wrath upon him, which being poured out like fire, he will not be able to bear it; and deserved punishment on him, which, like a talent of lead, will bear him down to the lowest hell; and this will be done without showing any mercy at all; for, though the wicked have much of sparing mercy in this world, they have none in the next; there is sparing mercy now, but none in hell; God, that spared not the angels that sinned, nor the old world, nor Sodom and Gomorrah, will not spare them, 2Pe 2:4; he that made them will have no mercy on them; and he that formed them will show them no favour:

he would fain flee out of his hands; in whose hands he is, not as all men are, being the works of his hands, and supported by him; much less as his people are, secure there; but in his hands as an awful and terrible Judge, condemning him for his sins, and sentencing him to everlasting punishment; and a fearful thing it is to fall into the hands of the living and almighty God: there is no getting out of them, though "fleeing, he flees", as the phrase is, with all his might and main, with all the swiftness he can; it is all to no purpose; he is where he was, and must continue in the torment and misery he is in to all eternity; his worm of conscience will never die, nor the fire of divine wrath be ever quenched; though he will desire death ten thousand times over, he shall not find it, it shall flee from him, Rev 9:6.

Gill: Job 27:23 - Men shall clap their hands at him // and shall hiss him out of his place

Men shall clap their hands at him,.... In a way of joy and triumph, scorn and derision, see Lam 2:15; either at the time of his death, being glad they are rid of him, Psa 52:5; or rather hereafter, to all eternity, while the wrath and vengeance of God is pouring on him; and this will be done by all righteous men evermore; not pleasing themselves with the shocking scene, nor indulging any evil passion in them, from which they will be entirely free; but rejoicing in the glory of divine justice, which will be displayed in the everlasting destruction of wicked men, see Rev 18:20; and this need not be restrained to good men only, but ascribed to angels also; for it may be rendered impersonally, "hands shall be clapped at him"; or joy be expressed on this occasion by all in heaven, angels and saints, who will all approve and applaud the divine procedure against wicked men as right and just; yea, this may express the glorying of divine justice, and its triumph in the condemnation and destruction of sinners;

and shall hiss him out of his place; from the bar and tribunal of God, where he stood and was condemned; and, as he goes to everlasting punishment, expressing abhorrence and detestation of him and his crimes, and as pleased with the righteous judgment of God upon him. Now this is the wicked man's portion, and the heritage he shall have of God at and after death, though he has been in flourishing circumstances in life; all which Job observes, to show that he was no friend nor favourer of wicked men, nor thought well of them and their ways, though he observed the prosperity they are attended with in their present state; and as for himself, he was not, and would not, be such a wicked man, and an hypocrite, on any account whatever, since he was sure he must then be miserable hereafter, to all intents and purposes.