Teks -- Hebrews 2:10 (NET)

2:10 For it was fitting for him, for whom and through whom all things exist, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the pioneer of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Heb 2:10 - It became him

It became him ( eprepen autōi ).

Imperfect active of prepō , old verb to stand out, to be becoming or seemly. Here it is impersonal with teleiōsai as subject, though personal in Heb 7:26. Autōi (him) is in the dative case and refers to God, not to Christ as is made plain by ton archēgon (author). One has only to recall Joh 3:16 to get the idea here. The voluntary humiliation or incarnation of Christ the Son a little lower than the angels was a seemly thing to God the Father as the writer now shows in a great passage (Heb 2:10-18) worthy to go beside Phi 2:5-11.

Robertson: Heb 2:10 - For whom

For whom ( di' hon ).

Referring to autōi (God) as the reason (cause) for the universe (ta panta ).

Robertson: Heb 2:10 - Through whom

Through whom ( di' hou ).

With the genitive dia expresses the agent by whom the universe came into existence, a direct repudiation of the Gnostic view of intermediate agencies (aeons) between God and the creation of the universe. Paul puts it succinctly in Rom 11:36 by his ex autou kai di' autou kai eis auton ta panta . The universe comes out of God, by means of God, for God. This writer has already said that God used his Son as the Agent (di' hou ) in creation (Heb 1:2), a doctrine in harmony with Col 1:15. (en autōi ,di' autou eis auton ) and Joh 1:3.

Robertson: Heb 2:10 - In bringing

In bringing ( agagonta ).

Second aorist active participle of agō in the accusative case in spite of the dative autōi just before to which it refers.

Robertson: Heb 2:10 - The author

The author ( ton archēgon ).

Old compound word (archē and agō ) one leading off, leader or prince as in Act 5:31, one blazing the way, a pioneer (Dods) in faith (Heb 12:2), author (Act 3:15). Either sense suits here, though author best (Heb 2:9). Jesus is the author of salvation, the leader of the sons of God, the Elder Brother of us all (Rom 8:29).

Robertson: Heb 2:10 - To make perfect

To make perfect ( teleiōsai ).

First aorist active infinitive of teleioō (from teleios ). If one recoils at the idea of God making Christ perfect, he should bear in mind that it is the humanity of Jesus that is under discussion. The writer does not say that Jesus was sinful (see the opposite in Heb 4:15), but simply that "by means of sufferings"God perfected his Son in his human life and death for his task as Redeemer and Saviour. One cannot know human life without living it. There was no moral imperfection in Jesus, but he lived his human life in order to be able to be a sympathizing and effective leader in the work of salvation.

Vincent: Heb 2:10 - It became

It became ( ἔπρεπεν )

Not logical necessity (δεῖ , Heb 2:1), nor obligation growing out of circumstances (ὤφειλεν , Heb 2:17), but an inner fitness in God's dealing. Dr. Robertson Smith observes: " The whole course of nature and grace must find its explanation in God; and not merely in an abstract divine arbitrium , but in that which befits the divine nature."

Vincent: Heb 2:10 - For whom - by whom

For whom - by whom ( δι ' ὅν - δι ' οὗ )

For whom , that is, for whose sake all things exist. God is the final cause of all things. This is not = εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα unto whom are all things , Rom 11:36; which signifies that all things have their realization in God; while this means that all things have their reason in God. By whom , through whose agency , all things came into being. On διὰ applied to God, see on Heb 1:2. These two emphasize the idea of fitness. It was becoming even to a God who is the beginning and the end of all things.

Vincent: Heb 2:10 - In bringing many sons unto glory

In bringing many sons unto glory ( πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα )

Const. bringing with him ; not with captain , which would mean " to perfect the captain, etc., as one who led many sons, etc." Αγαγόντα is not to be explained who had brought , or after he had brought , with a reference to the O.T. saints, " he had brought many O.T. sons of God unto glory" ; but rather, bringing as he did , or in bringing , as A.V. Many sons , since their leader himself was a son. Unto glory , in accordance with the glory with which he himself had been crowned (Heb 2:9). The glory is not distinguished from the salvation immediately following. For the combination salvation and glory see 2Ti 2:10; Rev 19:1.

Vincent: Heb 2:10 - To make perfect

To make perfect ( τελειῶσαι )

Lit. to carry to the goal or consummation . The " perfecting" of Jesus corresponds to his being " crowned with glory and honor," although it is not a mere synonym for that phrase; for the writer conceives the perfecting not as an act but as a process . " To make perfect" does not imply moral imperfection in Jesus, but only the consummation of that human experience of sorrow and pain through which he must pass in order to become the leader of his people's salvation.

Vincent: Heb 2:10 - The captain of their salvation

The captain of their salvation ( τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν )

Comp. Act 5:31. Ἀρχηγὸς captain , quite frequent in lxx and Class. Rev. renders author , which misses the fact that the Son precedes the saved on the path to glory. The idea is rather leader , and is fairly expressed by captain .

Wesley: Heb 2:10

In this verse the apostle expresses, in his own words, what he expressed before in those of the Psalmist.

Wesley: Heb 2:10 - It became him

It was suitable to all his attributes, both to his justice, goodness, and wisdom.

Wesley: Heb 2:10 - For whom

As their ultimate end.

Wesley: Heb 2:10 - And by whom

As their first cause. Are all things, in bringing many adopted sons to glory - To this very thing, that they are sons, and are treated as such To perfect the captain - Prince, leader, and author of their salvation, by his atoning sufferings for them. To perfect or consummate implies the bringing him to a full and glorious end of all his troubles, Heb 5:9. This consummation by sufferings intimates, the glory of Christ, to whom, being consummated, all things are made subject. The preceding sufferings. Of these he treats expressly, Heb 2:11-18; having before spoken of his glory, both to give an edge to his exhortation, and to remove the scandal of sufferings and death. A fuller consideration of both these points he interweaves with the following discourse on his priesthood. But what is here said of our Lord's being made perfect through sufferings, has no relation to our being saved or sanctified by sufferings. Even he himself was perfect, as God and as man, before ever be suffered. By his sufferings, in his life and death, he was made a perfect or complete sin-offering. But unless we were to be made the same sacrifice, and to atone for sin, what is said of him in this respect is as much out of our sphere as his ascension into heaven. It is his atonement, and his Spirit carrying on "the work of faith with power" in our hearts, that alone can sanctify us. Various afflictions indeed may be made subservient to this; and so far as they are blessed to the weaning us from sin, and causing our affections to be set on things above, so far they do indirectly help on our sanctification.

JFB: Heb 2:10 - For

Giving a reason why "the grace of God" required that Jesus "should taste death."

JFB: Heb 2:10 - it became him

The whole plan was (not only not derogatory to, but) highly becoming God, though unbelief considers it a disgrace [BENGEL]. An answer to the Jews, and Hebrew Christians, whosoever, through impatience at the delay in the promised advent of Christ's glory, were in danger of apostasy, stumbling at Christ crucified. The Jerusalem Christians especially were liable to this danger. This scheme of redemption was altogether such a one as harmonizes with the love, justice, and wisdom of God.

JFB: Heb 2:10 - for whom

God the Father (Rom 11:36; 1Co 8:6; Rev 4:11). In Col 1:16 the same is said of Christ.

JFB: Heb 2:10 - all things

Greek, "the universe of things," "the all things." He uses for "God," the periphrasis, "Him for whom . . . by whom are all things," to mark the becomingness of Christ's suffering as the way to His being "perfected" as "Captain of our salvation," seeing that His is the way that pleased Him whose will and whose glory are the end of all things, and by whose operation all things exist.

JFB: Heb 2:10 - in bringing

The Greek is past, "having brought as He did," namely, in His electing purpose (compare "ye are sons," namely, in His purpose, Gal 4:6; Eph 1:4), a purpose which is accomplished in Jesus being "perfected through sufferings."

JFB: Heb 2:10 - many

(Mat 20:28). "The Church" (Heb 2:12), "the general assembly" (Heb 12:23).

JFB: Heb 2:10 - sons

No longer children as under the Old Testament law, but sons by adoption.

JFB: Heb 2:10 - unto glory

To share Christ's "glory" (Heb 2:9; compare Heb 2:7; Joh 17:10, Joh 17:22, Joh 17:24; Rom 8:21). Sonship, holiness (Heb 2:11), and glory, are inseparably joined. "Suffering," "salvation," and "glory," in Paul's writings, often go together (2Ti 2:10). Salvation presupposes destruction, deliverance from which for us required Christ's "sufferings."

JFB: Heb 2:10 - to make . . . perfect

"to consummate"; to bring to consummated glory through sufferings, as the appointed avenue to it. "He who suffers for another, not only benefits him, but becomes himself the brighter and more perfect" [CHRYSOSTOM]. Bringing to the end of troubles, and to the goal full of glory: a metaphor from the contests in the public games. Compare "It is finished," Luk 24:26; Joh 19:30. I prefer, with CALVIN, understanding, "to make perfect as a completed sacrifice": legal and official, not moral, perfection is meant: "to consecrate" (so the same Greek is translated Heb 7:28; compare Margin) by the finished expiation of His death, as our perfect High Priest, and so our "Captain of salvation" (Luk 13:32). This agrees with Heb 2:11, "He that sanctifieth," that is, consecrates them by Himself being made a consecrated offering for them. So Heb 10:14, Heb 10:29; Joh 17:19 : by the perfecting of His consecration for them in His death, He perfects their consecration, and so throws open access to glory (Heb 10:19-21; Heb 5:9; Heb 9:9 accord with this sense).

JFB: Heb 2:10 - captain of, &c.

Literally, Prince-leader: as Joshua, not Moses, led the people into the Holy Land, so will our Joshua, or Jesus, lead us into the heavenly inheritance (Act 13:39). The same Greek is in Heb 12:2, "Author of our faith." Act 3:15, "Prince of life" (Act 5:31). Preceding others by His example, as well as the originator of our salvation.

Clarke: Heb 2:10 - For it became him

For it became him - It was suitable to the Divine wisdom, the requisitions of justice, and the economy of grace, to offer Jesus as a sacrifice, in order to bring many sons and daughters to glory

Clarke: Heb 2:10 - For whom - and by whom

For whom - and by whom - God is the cause of all things, and he is the object or end of them

Clarke: Heb 2:10 - Perfect through sufferings

Perfect through sufferings - Without suffering he could not have died, and without dying he could not have made an atonement for sin. The sacrifice must be consummated, in order that he might be qualified to be the Captain or Author of the salvation of men, and lead all those who become children of God, through faith in him, into eternal glory. I believe this to be the sense of the passage; and it appears to be an answer to the grand objection of the Jews: "The Messiah is never to be conquered, or die; but will be victorious, and endure for ever."Now the apostle shows that this is not the counsel of God; on the contrary, that it was entirely congruous to the will and nature of God, by whom, and for whom are all things, to bring men to eternal glory through the suffering and death of the Messiah. This is the decision of the Spirit of God against their prejudices; and on the Divine authority this must be our conclusion. Without the passion and death of Christ, the salvation of man would have been impossible

As there are many different views of this and some of the following verses, I shall introduce a paraphrase of the whole from Dr. Dodd, who gives the substance of what Doddridge, Pearce, and Owen, have said on this subject

Clarke: Heb 2:10 - Heb 2:10. For it became him, etc.

Heb 2:10. For it became him, etc. - Such has been the conduct of God in the great affair of our redemption; and the beauty and harmony of it will be apparent in proportion to the degree in which it is examined; for, though the Jews dream of a temporal Messiah as a scheme conducive to the Divine glory, it well became him - it was expedient, that, in order to act worthy of himself, he should take this method; Him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things - that glorious Being who is the first cause and last end of all, in pursuit of the great and important design he had formed, of conducting many, whom he is pleased to adopt as his sons, to the possession of that inheritance of glory intended for them, to make and constitute Jesus, his first-begotten and well beloved Son, the Leader and Prince of their salvation, and to make him perfect, or completely fit for the full execution of his office, by a long train of various and extreme sufferings, whereby he was, as it were, solemnly consecrated to it

Heb 2:11. Now, in consequence of this appointment, Jesus, the great Sanctifier, who engages and consecrates men to the service of God, and they who are sanctified, (i.e. consecrated and introduced to God with such acceptance), are all of one family - all the descendants of Adam, and in a sense the seed of Abraham; for which cause he is not ashamed to call them, whom he thus redeems, and presents to the Divine favor, his brethren

Heb 2:12. Saying, in the person of David, who represented the Messiah in his sufferings and exaltation, I will declare thy name to my brethren; in the midst of the Church will I praise thee

Heb 2:13. And again, speaking as a mortal man, exposed to such exercises of faith in trials and difficulties as others were, he says, in a psalm which sets forth his triumph over his enemies: I will trust in him, as other good men have done in all ages; and again, elsewhere in the person of Isaiah: Behold I, and the children which my God hath given me, are for signs and for wonders

Heb 2:14. Seeing then those whom he represents in one place and another, as the children of the same family with himself, were partakers of flesh and blood, he himself in like manner participated in them, that thereby becoming capable of those sufferings to which, without such a union with flesh, this Divine Sanctifier could not have been obnoxious, he might, by his own voluntary and meritorious death, abolish and depose him who, by Divine permission, had the empire of death, and led it in his train when he made the first invasion on mankind; that is, the devil, the great artificer of mischief and destruction; at the beginning the murderer of the human race; who still seems to triumph in the spread of mortality, which is his work, and who may often, by God’ s permission, be the executioner of it

Heb 2:15. But Christ, the great Prince of mercy and life, graciously interposed, that he might deliver those miserable captives of Satan - mankind in general, and the dark and idolatrous Gentiles in particular, who, through fear of death, were, or justly might have been, all their lifetime, obnoxious to bondage; having nothing to expect in consequence of it, if they rightly understood their state, but future misery; whereas now, changing their lord, they have happily changed their condition, and are, as many as have believed in him, the heirs of eternal life."

Calvin: Heb 2:10 - NO PHRASE

10.=== For it became him, === etc. His object is, to make Christ’s humiliation to appear glorious to the godly; for when he is said to have been clothed with our flesh, he seems to be classed with the common order of men; and the cross brought him lower than all men. We must therefore take heed, lest Christ should be less esteemed, because he willingly humbled himself for us; and this is what is here spoken of. For the Apostle shows that this very thing ought to be deemed honorable to the Son of God, that he was by these means consecrated the Captain of our salvation.

He first assumes it as granted, that we ought to be satisfied with God’s decree; for as all things are sustained by his power, so all things ought to serve to his glory. No betters cause, then, can be found out than the good pleasure of God. Such is the purport of the circumlocution which he employs, for whom, and by whom, are all things. He might by one word have named God; but his purpose was to remind us, that what is to be deemed best is that which he appoints, whose will and glory is the right end of all things. ³⁹

It does not, however, appear as yet what he intends by saying, that it became Christ to be thus consecrated. But this depends on the ordinary way which God adopts in dealing with his own people; for his will is to exercise them with various trials, so that they may spend their whole life under the cross. It was hence necessary that Christ, as the first­begotten, should by the cross be inaugurated into his supremacy, since that is the common lot and condition of all. This is the conforming of the head with the members, of which Paul speaks in Rom 8:29.

It is indeed a singular consolation, calculated to mitigate the bitterness of the cross, when the faithful hear, that by sorrows and tribulations they are sanctified for glory as Christ himself was; and hence they see a sufficient reason why they should lovingly kiss the cross rather than dread it. And when this is the case, then doubtless the reproach of the cross of Christ immediately disappears, and its glory shines forth; for who can despise what is sacred, nay, what God sanctifies? Who can deem that ignominious, by which we are prepared for glory? And yet both these things are said here of the death of Christ.

===By whom are all things, === etc. When creation is spoken of, it is ascribed to the Son as his own world, for by him were all things created; but here the Apostle means no other thing than that all creatures continue or are preserved by the power of God. What we have rendered consecrated, others have rendered made perfect. But as the word, τελειῶσαι which he uses, is of a doubtful meaning, I think it clear that the word I leave adopted is more suitable to the context. ⁴⁰ For what is meant is the settled and regular way or method by which the sons of God are initiated, so that they may obtain their own honor, and be thus separated from the rest of the world; and then immediately sanctification is mentioned.

Defender: Heb 2:10 - all things

Compare Rom 11:36; Col 1:16-20; Heb 1:1-3.

Defender: Heb 2:10 - captain of their salvation

"Captain" (Greek ) is translated "prince" in Act 3:15 and Act 5:31 and "author" in Heb 12:2, speaking of Christ in all cases. These are its only occurrences. Thus, He is the "Prince of life," the "captain of our salvation" and the "author ... of our faith."

Defender: Heb 2:10 - perfect through sufferings

To the question as to how the holy God could be "made perfect," the answer is that if He would also be perfect man, He must learn obedience to the will of the Father, and true obedience can only be tested if it involved suffering (Heb 5:8, Heb 5:9)."

TSK: Heb 2:10 - it // for // many // glory // the captain // perfect

it : Heb 7:26; Gen 18:25; Luk 2:14, Luk 24:26, Luk 24:46; Rom 3:25, Rom 3:26; Eph 1:6-8, Eph 2:7, Eph 3:10; 1Pe 1:12

for : Pro 16:4; Isa 43:21; Rom 11:36; 1Co 8:6; 2Co 5:18; Col 1:16, Col 1:17; Rev 4:11

many : Hos 8:10; Joh 11:52; Rom 8:14-18, Rom 8:29, Rom 8:30, Rom 9:25, Rom 9:26; 2Co 6:18; Gal 3:26; Eph 1:5; 1Jo 3:1, 1Jo 3:2; Rev 7:9

glory : Rom 9:23; 1Co 2:7; 2Co 3:18, 2Co 4:17; Col 3:4; 2Ti 2:10; 1Pe 5:1, 1Pe 5:10

the captain : Heb 6:20, Heb 12:2; Jos 5:14, Jos 5:15; Isa 55:4; Mic 2:13; Act 3:15, Act 5:31

perfect : Heb 5:8, Heb 5:9; Luk 13:32, Luk 24:26, Luk 24:46; Joh 19:30

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Heb 2:10 - For it became him // For whom are all things, and by whom, are all things // By whom // In bringing many sons unto glory // To make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings

For it became him: a further reason of Christ’ s humiliation and sufferings is added, to show the necessity of his being lower than the angels for a while; in which the Spirit prevents what these Hebrews were apt to question, why God would have Christ thus to die, &c., by adding: Therefore it became him so to do; it was agreeable to him, and had a meetness in it to his excellent perfection; by it displaying together his Divine wisdom, justice, mercy, and power. Amongst all his methods, he pitched upon this as the best, and did by it what was befitting and becoming a God to do. He likewise revealed this so becoming decree of his by the prophets to the church, and it was meet to and becoming his truth to fulfil it, Isa 53:1-12 Luk 24:25-27 .

For whom are all things, and by whom, are all things for the manifestation of God the Father’ s glory, whose grace gave Christ to die for us, are all things which have a being; and by him are all things, as the Efficient and Creator of them, by his powerful word they are: this being likewise attributed to the gospel Prophet, God-man, Joh 1:3 Col 1:16 .

By whom it shows he is no more an instrument in this work than the Father, and equally efficient with him, Rom 3:26 .

In bringing many sons unto glory: agagonta cannot agree with autw , him, for that is the dative case, but with what follows, ’ Archgon , the Leader of their salvation bringing many sons to glory: so that though the Father indeed glorify, yet it is most properly spoken of the Leader, to lead or bring his company thither; and so it is written, Eph 2:18 3:12 . He showed and led them the way wherein they were to reach it, 1Pe 3:18 , who though for state were sinners, yet made fit by regeneration and adoption, and have their title from their Leader, Joh 1:12,13 . He merited by his sufferings both the relation and inheritance for them, Rom 8:14-18 1Pe 1:2-5 ; and so as to bring them to that glorious state and condition, for persons and enjoyments, in the heavenly Canaan prepared for them, Mat 25:34 1Pe 5:10 1Jo 3:1,2 .

To make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings: so their ’ Archgov , a prime Leader of many, a person eminent for priority and dignity, directing and ordering all under his power, who is the prime of the creation of God, Col 1:18 , having the pre-eminency of all angels and men: he was perfected; teleiwsai signifieth the consecrating or accomplishing of a person for office by sacrifice; so Christ useth it, Luk 13:32 , I shall be perfected, i.e. sacrificed and completed in my office by death: so Joh 19:30 . By his sufferings of all sorts accomplished in death, and by the blood of that sacrifice, was this great gospel Prophet made a perfect Mediator, and fitted for his officiating and ministering in heaven for ever, herein fulfilling his types, Heb 9:11,12,14,15,22-24 : compare Exo 29:1-46 . He, in respect of saving his, is the author, purchaser, and perfecter of it to them: he by his sufferings and death merited salvation for them, by his word and Spirit fits them for it, by his intercession increaseth and applieth it; he vanquishes all opposers of it, and puts them finally into the actual possession of it in glory in heaven.

Haydock: Heb 2:10 - For it became him

For it became him, &c. He gives the reasons for which the Son of God would become man and suffer death, not that this was absolutely necessary, but a convenient means to manifest the goodness, the wisdom, and the justice of God, by the incarnation and death of his Son; that having decreed to bring many sons, or children, to eternal glory, he was pleased to send his divine Son to become man, and so to consummate the Author [3] of man's salvation by suffering; i.e. to make him a perfect and consummate sacrifice of expiation for the sins of all men, and to satisfy the justice of God in the most perfect manner. (Witham) ---

By suffering, Christ was to enter into his glory, (Luke xxiv. 26.) which the apostle here calls being made perfect. (Challoner) ---

In this and the above verses we may observe three different states of Jesus Christ. The first, that of his humiliation by his passion and death; the second, that of his glory at his resurrection and ascension into heaven; the third, that of his consummated glory in heaven after the last judgment. In his first state, viz. his passion, he was made not only less than the Angels, but as the last of men; novissimus virorum. In his second, all power was given to him in heaven and earth; but this power he will not fully exercise till after the general judgment, when all things, without exception, will be made subject to him; and this is the third state, the permanent state of his glory, which is never to end. To thy sovereign power, O divine Jesus, subject my mind, will, and heart, and make my hitherto rebellious heart in all things conformable to thy sacred and loving heart.

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[BIBLIOGRAPHY]

Authorem salutis eorum per passionem consummare, not consummari, Greek: teleiosai.

Gill: Heb 2:10 - For it became him, for whom are all things // and by whom are all things // in bringing many sons to glory // him it became--to make the Captain of their salutation perfect through sufferings

For it became him, for whom are all things,.... This is not a periphrasis of Christ, who died, but of God the Father, who delivered him to death; and who is the final cause of all things, in nature, and in grace, all things being made for his pleasure and for his glory; and he is the efficient cause of all things, as follows:

and by whom are all things; all the works of creation, providence, and grace:

in bringing many sons to glory; not to worldly glory, but to the heavenly glory, which they are undeserving of; and which was long ago prepared for them; is at present hid; is weighty, solid, durable, yea, eternal: the persons whom God, of his rich grace, brings to this, are "sons"; who are predestinated to the adoption of children; are regenerated by the Spirit of God; believe in Christ; and have the spirit of adoption given them, and so being children, are heirs of glory: and these are "many"; for though they are but few, when compared with others, yet they are many, considered by themselves; they are many that God has ordained to eternal life, and given to Christ, and for whom he has given himself a ransom, and whom he justifies; and accordingly there are many mansions of glory provided for them in their Father's house, whose act it is to bring them thither: he has chosen them to this glory, and prepared it for them; he sent his Son to redeem them; he reveals his Son in them, the hope of glory; he calls them to his eternal glory, and makes them meet for it, and gives them an abundant entrance into it: and

him it became--to make the Captain of their salutation perfect through sufferings; Christ is "the Captain of salvation", and is so called, because he is the author of it; and he is the Prince and Commander of these sons, who are committed to his charge, and are under his care; and is their guide and leader; and who is gone before them to prepare their mansions of glory for them: and he is made "perfect through sufferings"; he suffered all that the law and justice of God could require; and hereby he became perfectly acquainted with the sufferings of his people, and a perfect Saviour of them; and in this way went to glory himself: and it "became" God the Father, the first cause, and last end of all things, since he had a design to bring all his adopted sons to glory, that his own Son should perfectly suffer for them; this was agreeable to, and becoming the perfections of his nature, his wisdom, his veracity, his justice, grace, and mercy.