Teks -- 1 Samuel 14:1 (NET)

14:1 Then one day Jonathan son of Saul said to his armor bearer, “Come on, let’s go over to the Philistine garrison that is opposite us.” But he did not let his father know.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

JFB: 1Sa 14:1 - the Philistines' garrison

"the standing camp" (1Sa 13:23, Margin) "in the passage of Michmash" (1Sa 13:16), now Wady Es-Suweinit. "It begins in the neighborhood of Betin (Beth-el) and El-Bireh (Beetroth), and as it breaks through the ridge below these places, its sides form precipitous walls. On the right, about a quarter of an acre below, it again breaks off, and passes between high perpendicular precipices" [ROBINSON].

Clarke: 1Sa 14:1 - Come, and let us go over

Come, and let us go over - This action of Jonathan was totally contrary to the laws of war; no military operation should be undertaken without the knowledge and command of the general. But it is likely that he was led to this by a Divine influence

The armor-bearer is the origin of what we call esquire, from escu , old French, a shield; armiger is the Latin, from arma , weapons, and gero , I bear. In the times of chivalry, the armiger , or esquire, was the servant of the knight who went after him, and carried his lance, shield, etc. It is now (strange to tell!) a title of honor.

TSK: 1Sa 14:1 - it came to pass upon a day // Jonathan // he told not

am 2917, bc 1087, An, Ex, Is 404

it came to pass upon a day : or, there was a day

Jonathan : 1Sa 14:39-45, 1Sa 13:2, 1Sa 13:22, 1Sa 18:1-4; 2Sa 1:4, 2Sa 1:5, 2Sa 1:25, 2Sa 1:26

he told not : 1Sa 25:19; Jdg 6:27, Jdg 14:6; Mic 7:5

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 1Sa 14:1 - On the other side // He told not his father

On the other side beyond that rocky passage described below, 1Sa 14:4,13 , which he pointed at with his hand.

He told not his father lest he should hinder him in so improbable an enterprise. Nor was it necessary he should inform him of it, because he had a commission from his father to fight when he saw occasion, as he had done without his father’ s privity, 1Sa 13:3 .

Haydock: 1Sa 14:1 - Bethaven

Bethaven. They pursued the stragglers thither, as well as to Aialon, ver. 31. (Haydock)

Haydock: 1Sa 14:1 - Day

Day, while it was yet dark. (Josephus) ---

This action would seem rash, and contrary to military discipline, which requires that the general should be apprised of any hazardous enterprise. (Calmet) ---

But it is thought that Jonathan was directed by God, who granted him success. (Cornelius a Lapide) ---

The Rabbins say, "every augury which is not like that of Eleazar and Jonathan, is null. If they had done ill,...God would not have heard them." (Kimchi)

Gill: 1Sa 14:1 - Now it came to pass upon a day // that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour // come and let us go over to the Philistine garrison that is on the other side // but he told not his father

Now it came to pass upon a day,.... At a certain time, a little after the garrison of the Philistines had made the movement, 1Sa 13:23 and it is not to be taken strictly for the day time; for it is probable it was in the night that the following proposal was made, and began to be carried into execution; for Josephus ^k says it was day light when Jonathan and his armourbearer came to the camp of the Philistines; he had formed his scheme perhaps the night before, and he and his man set out in the night time, and by break of day came up to the garrison, as after related:

that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour; as was usual in those times for generals of armies to have such, and so in later times; such were Automedon to Achilles, and Achates to Aeneas, as Grotius observes:

come and let us go over to the Philistine garrison that is on the other side; that is, go over the valley which lay between Michmash and Gibeah, to the Philistines, that lay on the other side the valley beyond it; and so was not in it, but at a pass on the hills, at the bottom of which this valley lay, and could be seen at a distance, and pointed at with the finger, as Jarchi notes:

but he told not his father; lest he should disapprove of his project, and hinder him from pursuing it; and had not his spirit been stirred up to this by the Lord, of which he was fully persuaded, he would have acted not only a rash part, but contrary to military discipline, in engaging in an enterprise without the knowledge and direction of his general; unless we can suppose he had all unlimited commission from his father to attack the enemy, at discretion, at any time, and any where.