Teks -- Luke 24:44 (NET)

Jesus’ Final Commission

24:44 Then he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms must be fulfilled.”

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Robertson: Luk 24:44 - While I was yet with you

While I was yet with you ( eti ōn sun humin ).

Literally, Being yet with you. The participle ōn takes the time of the principal verb.

Vincent: Luk 24:44 - The words

The words

The best texts insert my.

Vincent: Luk 24:44 - Must

Must ( δεῖ )

See on ought not, Luk 24:26.

Wesley: Luk 24:44 - And he said

On the day of his ascension. In the law, and the prophets, and the psalms - The prophecies as well as types, relating to the Messiah, are contained either in the books of Moses (usually called the law) in the Psalms, or in the writings of the prophets; little being said directly concerning him in the historical books.

JFB: Luk 24:44-49 - These are the words, &c.

That is, "Now you will understand what seemed so dark to you when I told you about the Son of man being put to death and rising again" (Luk 18:31-34).

JFB: Luk 24:44-49 - while . . . yet with you

A striking expression, implying that He was now, as the dead and risen Saviour, virtually dissevered from this scene of mortality, and from all ordinary intercourse with His mortal disciples.

JFB: Luk 24:44-49 - law . . . prophets . . . psalms

The three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament Scriptures.

Clarke: Luk 24:44 - The law - the prophets - the psalms

The law - the prophets - the psalms - This was the Jewish division of the whole old covenant. The Law contained the five books of Moses; the Prophets, the Jews divided into former and latter; they were, according to Josephus, thirteen. "The Psalms included not only the book still so named, but also three other books, Proverbs, Job, and Canticles

These all,"says the above author, "contain hymns to God, and rules for the conduct of the lives of men."Joseph. Cont. App. i. 8. This account is imperfect: the common Jewish division of the writings of the old covenant is the following, and indeed seems to be the same to which our Lord alludes: -

I.    The Law, תורה thorah , including Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy

II.    The Prophets, נביאים, nabiaim , or teachers, including Joshua, Judges, the two books of Samuel, and the two books of Kings: these were termed the former prophets. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi: these were termed the latter prophets

III.    The Hagiographa, (holy writings), כתובים kethuvim , which comprehended the Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and the two books of Chronicles. The Jews made anciently only twenty-two books of the whole, to bring them to the number of the letters in the Hebrew alphabet; and this they did by joining Ruth to Judges, making the two books of Samuel only one; and so of Kings and Chronicles; joining the Lamentations to Jeremiah, and making the twelve minor prophets only one book.

Calvin: Luk 24:44 - These are the words // All things which are written concerning me

44.These are the words Though it will afterwards appear from Matthew and Mark that a discourse similar to this was delivered in Galilee, yet I think it probable that Luke now relates what happened on the day after his resurrection. For what John says of that day, that he breathed on them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost, (Joh 20:22) agrees with the words of Luke which here immediately follow, that he opened their understanding, that they might understand the Scriptures. By these words Christ indirectly reproves their gross and shameful forgetfulness, that, though they had long ago been fully informed of his future resurrection, they were as much astonished as if it had never been mentioned to them. The import of his words is: “Why do you hesitate as if this had been a new and unexpected occurrence, while it is only what I frequently predicted to you? Why do you not rather remember my words? For if hitherto you have reckoned me worthy of credit, this ought to have been known to you from my instructions before it happened.” In short, Christ tacitly complains that his labor has been thrown away on the apostles, since his instruction has been forgotten.

All things which are written concerning me He now rebukes them more sharply for their slowness, by declaring that he brought forward nothing that was new but that he only reminded them of what had been declared by the Law and the Prophets, with which they ought to have been familiar from their childhood. But though they had been ignorant of the whole doctrine of religion, nothing could have been more unreasonable than not to embrace readily what they knew to have undoubtedly proceeded from God; for it was a principle admitted by the whole nation, that there was no religion but what was contained in the Law and the Prophets. The present division of the Scriptures is more copious than what we find in other passages; for besides the Law and the Prophets, he adds, in the third place, the Psalms, which, though they might with propriety have been reckoned among the Prophets, have, something distinct and peculiar to themselves. Yet the division into two par which we have seen elsewhere, (Luk 16:16; Joh 1:45,) embraces notwithstanding the whole of Scripture.

Defender: Luk 24:44 - must be fulfilled

Every promise of God concerning the person and work of Christ must be fulfilled either at His first coming or at His second coming. "The Scripture cannot be broken," Jesus has assured us (Joh 10:35).

Defender: Luk 24:44 - the psalms

This threefold division actually embraces the entire Old Testament canon. Another way of expressing this would be the historical writings, the poetical writings, and the prophetical writings. All are divinely inspired and inerrant in their very words."

TSK: Luk 24:44 - These // while // that all // in the law // in the prophets // in the psalms

These : Luk 24:6, Luk 24:7, Luk 9:22, Luk 18:31-33; Mat 16:21, Mat 17:22, Mat 17:23, Mat 20:18, Mat 20:19; Mar 8:31, Mar 8:32, Mar 9:31; Mar 10:33, Mar 10:34

while : Joh 16:4, Joh 16:5, Joh 16:16, Joh 16:17, Joh 17:11-13

that all : Luk 24:26, Luk 24:27, Luk 24:46, Luk 21:22; Mat 26:54, Mat 26:56; Joh 19:24-37; Act 3:18, Act 13:29-31, Act 13:33; 1Co 15:3, 1Co 15:4

in the law : Gen 3:15, Gen 14:18, Gen 22:18, Gen 49:10; Lev. 16:2-19; Num 21:8, Num 35:25; Deu 18:15-19; Joh 3:14, Joh 5:46; Act 3:22-24, Act 7:37; Heb 3:5, Heb 7:1, Heb 9:8, Heb 10:1

in the prophets : Luk 24:27; Isa 7:14, Isa 9:6, Isa 11:1-10, Isa 28:16, Isa 40:1-11, Isa 42:1-4, Isa 49:1-8, Isa 50:2-6; Isa 52:13-15, Isa 53:1-12, Isa 61:1-3; Jer 23:5, Jer 33:14; Eze 17:22, Eze 34:23; Dan 2:44, Dan 7:13, Dan 9:24-27; Hos 1:7-11, Hos 3:5; Joe 2:28-32; Amo 9:11; Mic 5:1-4; Hag 2:7-9; Zec 6:12, Zec 9:9, Zec 11:8-13, Zec 12:10, Zec 13:7, Zec 14:4; Mal 3:1-3, Mal 4:2-6

in the psalms : Psa 2:1-12, Psa 16:9-11, 22:1-31, Psa 40:6-8, 69:1-36, 72:1-20, 88:1-18; Psa. 109:4-20, Psa 110:1-7, Psa 118:22; Joh 5:39; Act 17:2, Act 17:3; 1Pe 1:11; Rev 19:10

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Poole: Luk 24:44

The Jews ordinarily divided the Old Testament into the law, the prophets, and the holy writings, which they called the Hagiographa. The Book of Psalms was one of the last sort, and one of the most noted amongst them. So as by these three terms our Saviour understands all the Scriptures of the Old Testament. He tells them, that he had before his death, while he conversed with them, told them that all things (which were very many) which were found in any of these books concerning him must be fulfilled: he had told them so, Luk 18:31 Mat 16:21 17:22 20:18 Mar 9:31 10:34 .

Lightfoot: Luk 24:44 - In the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms

And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.   

[In the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms.] It is a known division of the Old Testament into the Law, the Prophets, and the Holy writings.  

I. The books of the law and their order need not be insisted upon, commonly called by us, the Pentateuch; but by some of the Rabbins, the Heptateuch; and by some Christians, the Octateuch. "R. Samuel Bar Nachman saith, R. Jonathan saith, 'Wisdom hath hewn out her seven pillars.' These are the seven books of the law." But are there not but five books only? "Ben Kaphra saith, The Book of Numbers is made three books. From the beginning of the book to And it came to pass when the ark set forward [ul Num_10:35], is a book by itself. That verse Num 10:35 and the following is a book by itself: and from thence to the end of the book is a book by itself"...  

Eulogius, speaking concerning Dosthes or Dositheus, a famous seducer of the Samaritans, hath this passage: He adulterated the Octateuch of Moses with spurious writings, and all kind of corrupt falsifyings. There is mention also of a book with this title, The Christians' Book, an Exposition upon the Octateuch. Whether this was the Octateuch of Moses it is neither certain nor much worth our inquiry; for Photius judgeth him a corrupt author: besides that it may be shewn by and by, that there was a twofold Octateuch besides that of Moses. Now if any man should ask, how it come to pass that Eulogius (and that probably from the common notion of the thing) should divide the books of Moses into an Octateuch; I had rather any one else than myself should resolve him in it. But if any consent that he owned the Heptateuch we have already mentioned, we should be ready to reckon the last chapter of Deuteronomy for the eighth part.  

Aben Ezra will smile here, who in that his obscure and disguised denial of the books of the Pentateuch, as if they were not writ by the pen of Moses, instances, in that chapter in the first place, as far as I can guess, as a testimony against it. You have his words in his Commentary upon the Book of Deuteronomy, a little from the beginning, But if you understand the mystery of the twelve; etc., i.e. of the twelve verses of the last chapter of the book (for so his own countrymen expound him), "thou wilt know the truth"; i.e. that Moses did not write the whole Pentateuch; an argument neither worth answering, nor becoming so great a philosopher. For as it is a ridiculous thing to suppose that the chapter that treats of the death and burial of Moses should be written by himself, so would it not be much less ridiculous to affix that chapter to any other volume than the Pentateuch. But these things are not the proper subject for our present handling.  

II. There also was an Octateuch of the prophets too: "All the books of the prophets are eight; Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and the twelve." For the historical books also were read in their synagogues under the notion of the prophets, as well as the prophets themselves, whose names are set down. You will see the title prefixed to them in the Hebrew Bibles, The former prophets; as well as to the others, The latter prophets. The doctors give us the reason why they dispose the prophets in that order, that Jeremiah is named first, Ezekiel next, and Isaiah last, which I have quoted in notes upon Mat 27:9; and let not the reader think it irksome to repeat it here.  

"Whereas the Book of Kings ends in destruction, and the whole Book of Jeremiah treats about destruction; whereas Ezekiel begins with destruction, and ends in consolation; and whereas Isaiah is all in consolation, they joined destruction with destruction, and consolation with consolation."  

III. The third division of the Bible is entitled the Holy Writings. And here also is found an Octateuch by somebody (as it seems), though I know not where to find it.  

"Herbanus the Jew was a man excellently well instructed in the law, and holy books of the prophets, and the Octateuch, and all the other writings." What this Octateuch should be, distinct from the law and the prophets, and indeed what all the other writings besides should be, is not easily guessed. This Octateuch perhaps may seem to have some reference to the Hagiographa; or Holy Writings; for it is probable enough that, speaking of a Jew well skilled in the Holy Scriptures, he might design the partition of the Bible according to the manner of the Jews' dividing it: but who then can pick out books that should make it up? Let the reader pick out the eight; and then I would say, that the other four are all the other writings. But we will not much disquiet ourselves about this matter.  

It may be asked, why these books should be called the Scriptures; when the whole Bible goes under the name of the Holy Scriptures. Nor can any thing be more readily answered to this, than that by this title they would keep up their dignity and just esteem for them. They did not indeed read them in their synagogues, but that they might acknowledge them of most holy and divine authority, out of them they confirm their traditions, and they expound them mystically; yea, and give them the same title with the rest of the Holy Scriptures.  

"This is the order of the Hagiographa; Ruth, the Book of Psalms, Job, the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, the Canticles, the Lamentations, Daniel, the Book of Esther, Ezra, and the Chronicles." It is here disputed, that if Job was in the days of Moses, why then is not his book put in the first place? The answer is, They do not begin with vengeance or affliction; and such is that Book of Job. They reply, Ruth also begins with affliction; viz. with the story of a famine, and the death of Elimelech's sons. "But that was (say they) an affliction that had a joyful ending." So they might have said of the book and affliction of Job too. We see it is disputed there, why the Book of Ruth should be placed the first in that rank, and not the Book of Job. But we might inquire, whether the Book of Psalms ought not to have been placed the first, rather than the Book of Ruth.  

IV. In this passage at present before us, who would think otherwise but that our Saviour alludes to the common and most known partition of the Bible? And although he name the Psalms only, yet that under that title he includes that whole volume. For we must of necessity say, that either he excluded all the books of that third division excepting the Book of Psalms, which is not probable; or that he included them under the title of the Prophets; which was not customary; or else that under the title of the Psalms he comprehended all the rest. That he did not exclude them, reason will tell us; for in several books of that division is he himself spoken of, as well as in the Psalms: and that he did not include them in the title of the Prophets reason also will dictate: because we would not suppose him speaking differently from the common and received opinion of that nation. There is very little question, therefore, but the apostles might understand him speaking with the vulgar; and by the Psalms to have meant all the books of that volume, those especially wherein any thing was written concerning himself. For let it be granted that Ruth, as to the time of the history and the time of its writing, might challenge to itself the first place in order (and it is that kind of priority the Gemarists are arguing), yet, certainly, amongst all those books that mention any thing of Christ, the Book of Psalms deservedly obtains the first place; so far that in the naming of this the rest may be understood. So St. Matthew, Mat 27:9, under the name of Jeremiah; comprehends that whole volume of the Prophets; because he was placed the first in that rank: which observation we have made in notes upon that place.

Gill: Luk 24:44 - And he said unto them, these are the words which I spake unto you // while I was yet with you // that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me

And he said unto them, these are the words which I spake unto you,.... Or this is the substance of them, the sense and meaning of them; for what follows, we do not find any where expressed in so many words:

while I was yet with you; that is, whilst he was in his state of humiliation, whilst he dwelt among them, and had his abode with them; otherwise he was now with them, but not to continue with them; in a short time he was to ascend to his God, and their God, to his Father, and their Father:

that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me: concerning his sufferings, and death, and resurrection from the dead, spoken of in Gen 3:15 Psa 16:10 and in this he refers to what he had said to his disciples in Mat 16:21 and alludes to the usual distinction among the Jews of the books of the Old Testament into the Law, the Prophets, and the Hagiographa; among which last stands the book of Psalms, and is put for the whole; a division often to be met with in both their Talmuds ^a, and other writings ^b.