Teks -- Habakkuk 3:10 (NET)

3:10 When the mountains see you, they shake. The torrential downpour sweeps through. The great deep shouts out; it lifts its hands high.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: Hab 3:10 - Overflowing

The inundation which at that season was wont to be very great in and round Jordan, passed away at the word of God; the waters below flowed, and ran from those above, which stood on a heap to make a path for Israel.

Wesley: Hab 3:10 - The deep

Either the deep channel in which Jordan flowed, or the Red Sea with dreadful roaring parted its waters.

Wesley: Hab 3:10 - Lift up his hands

Its waves which stood on an heap.

JFB: Hab 3:10 - The mountains

Repetition with increased emphasis of some of the tremendous phenomena mentioned in Hab 3:6.

JFB: Hab 3:10 - overflowing of the water passed by

Namely, of the Red Sea; and again, of the Jordan. God marked His favor to His people in all the elements, causing every obstacle, whether mountains or waters, which impeded their progress, to "pass away" [CALVIN]. MAURER, not so well, translates, "torrents (rains) of water rush down."

JFB: Hab 3:10 - lifted . . . hands on high

Namely, its billows lifted on high by the tempest. Personification. As men signify by voice or gesture of hand that they will do what they are commanded, so these parts of nature testified their obedience to God's will (Exo 14:22; Jos 3:16; Psa 77:17-18; Psa 114:4).

Clarke: Hab 3:10 - The mountains saw thee

The mountains saw thee - This is the continued answer to the questions in Hab 3:8. These are figures highly poetic, to show with what ease God accomplished the most arduous tasks in behalf of his people. As soon as the mountains saw him, they trembled, they were in pangs. When he appeared, the sea fled to right and left, to give him a passage. "It uttered its voice."The separation of the waters occasioned a terrible noise. "And it lifted up its hands on high."Its waters, being separated, stood in heaps on the right hand and left. These heaps or waves are poetically represented here as the hands of the sea.

Calvin: Hab 3:10 - The stream

Habakkuk proceeds with the history of the people’s redemption. We have said what his object was, even this that the people, though in an extreme state of calamity, might yet entertain hope of God’s favor; for he became not a Redeemer to the race of Abraham for one time, but that he might continue the same favor to them to the end.

He says that mountains had seen and grieved. Some explain this allegorically of kings, and say, that they grieved when envy preyed on them: but this view is too strained. The Prophet, I have no doubt, means simply, that the mountains obeyed God, so as to open a way for his people. At the same time, the verb חול , chul, signifies not only to grieve, but also to bring forth, and then to fall and to abide in the same place. We might then with no less propriety read thus— see thee did the mountains, and were still, or fell down; that is, they were subservient to thy command, and did not intercept the way of thy people. I think the real meaning of the Prophet to be, that God had formerly imprinted on all the elements evident marks of his paternal favor, so that the posterity of Abraham might ever confide in him as their deliverer in all their distresses: and even the context requires this meaning; for he subjoins -

The stream or the inundation of waters, etc. : and this second part cannot be explained allegorically. We then see, that the import of the words is—That God removed all obstacles, so that neither mountains, nor waters, nor sea, nor rivers, intercepted the passage of the people. He says now, that the inundation of waters had passed away. This applies both to Jordan and to the Red Sea; for God separated the Red Sea, so that the waters stood apart, contrary to the laws of nature, and the same thing happened to Jordan; for the flowing of the water was stayed, and a way was opened, so that the people passed over dryshod into the land of Canaan. Thus took place what is said by the Prophet, the stream of waters passed away. We indeed know that such is the abundance of waters in the sea and in the rivers, that they cannot be dried up: when therefore waters disappear, it is what is beyond the course of nature. The Prophet, therefore, records this miracle, that the faithful might know, that though the whole world were resisting, their salvation would still be certain; for the Lord can surmount whatever impediments there may be.

He then ascribes life to waters; for he says, that the abyss gave its voice, and also, that the deep lifted up its hands; or that the abyss with uplifted hands was ready to obey God. It is a striking personification; for though the abyss is void of intelligence, and it cannot speak, yet the Prophet says, that the abyss with its voice and uplifted hands testified its obedience, when God would have his people to pass through to the promised land. When anxious to testify our obedience, we do this both with our voice and in our gesture. When any one is willing to do what is commanded, he says, “Here I am,” or “I promise to do this.” As, then, servants respond to others, so the Prophet says, that a voice was uttered by the abyss. The abyss indeed uttered no voice; but the event itself surpassed all voices. Now when a whole people meet together, they raise their hands; for their consent cannot be understood except by the outstretching of the hands, and hence came the word hand-extending, χειροτονια. This similitude the Prophet now takes, and says, that the abyss raised up its hands; that is, shows its consent by this gesture. As when men declare by this sign that they will do what they are bidden; so also the abyss lifted up its hands. If we read, The deep raised up its hands, the sense will be the same. ⁵⁹ Let us proceed -

TSK: Hab 3:10 - mountains // the overflowing // the deep

mountains : Hab 3:6; Exo 19:16-18; Jdg 5:4, Jdg 5:5; Psa 68:7, Psa 68:8, Psa 77:18, Psa 97:4, Psa 97:5, Psa 114:4, Psa 114:6; Isa 64:1, Isa 64:2; Jer 4:24; Mic 1:4; Nah 1:5; Mat 27:51; Rev 6:14, Rev 20:11

the overflowing : Exo 14:22-28; Jos 3:15, Jos 3:16, Jos 4:18, Jos 4:23, Jos 4:24; Neh 9:11; Psa 18:15, Psa 66:6; Psa 74:13-15, Psa 77:16-19, Psa 114:3-8, Psa 136:13-15; Isa 11:15, Isa 11:16, Isa 63:11-13; Heb 11:29; Rev 16:12

the deep : Psa 65:13, Psa 93:3, Psa 96:11-13, Psa 98:7, Psa 98:8; Isa 43:20, Isa 55:12

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Hab 3:10 - The mountains // Saw // Trembled // trembled // The overflowing // Passed by // The deep // Uttered his voice // Lifted up his hands // hands // On high

The mountains literally taken, it is an elegant hyperbole, expressing to us the glorious effects of God’ s power and presence; and thus Sinai and the contiguous hills, the whole mount, Exo 19:18 , are intended: or if you take it figuratively, these are kings and states, whose hieroglyphics in Scripture are mountains.

Saw were sensible of, showed they were sensible of his approach and presence.

Trembled were grieved; so it will well suit to mountains metaphorically taken, it was grief to the kings and states to see God own, conduct, and prosper Israel, Num 22:3 ; Josh. it. 9-11: or

trembled i.e. were shaken as with an earthquake, Exo 19:18 Psa 68:8 114:4,6 ; so it suits the letter of the text.

The overflowing the inundation, which at that season was wont to be very great, the mighty floods on Jordan.

Passed by passed away, i.e. at the word of God the waters below flowed and ran away from those above, which stood on a heap, to make a path for Israel.

The deep either the deep channel in which Jordan flowed, the very bottom of the river, appeared; or the deep, i.e. the Red Sea.

Uttered his voice with dreadful roaring, like a mighty voice, parted its waters; divided, but with great and terrible noise, in this unusual commotion.

Lifted up his hands testified its obedience to the command of God, as by lifting up the hand one doth at distance signify his ready compliance with the command, or direction: or

hands i.e. sides; so when the upper waters stood on a heap, both in Jordan and the Red Sea, they appeared as with sides or flankers unto the Israelites.

On high like a mountain, visible and conspicuous to all.

The mountains literally taken, it is an elegant hyperbole, expressing to us the glorious effects of God’ s power and presence; and thus Sinai and the contiguous hills, the whole mount, Exo 19:18 , are intended: or if you take it figuratively, these are kings and states, whose hieroglyphics in Scripture are mountains.

Saw were sensible of, showed they were sensible of his approach and presence.

Trembled were grieved; so it will well suit to mountains metaphorically taken, it was grief to the kings and states to see God own, conduct, and prosper Israel, Num 22:3 ; Josh. it. 9-11: or

trembled i.e. were shaken as with an earthquake, Exo 19:18 Psa 68:8 114:4,6 ; so it suits the letter of the text.

The overflowing the inundation, which at that season was wont to be very great, the mighty floods on Jordan.

Passed by passed away, i.e. at the word of God the waters below flowed and ran away from those above, which stood on a heap, to make a path for Israel.

The deep either the deep channel in which Jordan flowed, the very bottom of the river, appeared; or the deep, i.e. the Red Sea.

Uttered his voice with dreadful roaring, like a mighty voice, parted its waters; divided, but with great and terrible noise, in this unusual commotion.

Lifted up his hands testified its obedience to the command of God, as by lifting up the hand one doth at distance signify his ready compliance with the command, or direction: or

hands i.e. sides; so when the upper waters stood on a heap, both in Jordan and the Red Sea, they appeared as with sides or flankers unto the Israelites.

On high like a mountain, visible and conspicuous to all.

The mountains literally taken, it is an elegant hyperbole, expressing to us the glorious effects of God’ s power and presence; and thus Sinai and the contiguous hills, the whole mount, Exo 19:18 , are intended: or if you take it figuratively, these are kings and states, whose hieroglyphics in Scripture are mountains.

Saw were sensible of, showed they were sensible of his approach and presence.

Trembled were grieved; so it will well suit to mountains metaphorically taken, it was grief to the kings and states to see God own, conduct, and prosper Israel, Num 22:3 ; Josh. it. 9-11: or

trembled i.e. were shaken as with an earthquake, Exo 19:18 Psa 68:8 114:4,6 ; so it suits the letter of the text.

The overflowing the inundation, which at that season was wont to be very great, the mighty floods on Jordan.

Passed by passed away, i.e. at the word of God the waters below flowed and ran away from those above, which stood on a heap, to make a path for Israel.

The deep either the deep channel in which Jordan flowed, the very bottom of the river, appeared; or the deep, i.e. the Red Sea.

Uttered his voice with dreadful roaring, like a mighty voice, parted its waters; divided, but with great and terrible noise, in this unusual commotion.

Lifted up his hands testified its obedience to the command of God, as by lifting up the hand one doth at distance signify his ready compliance with the command, or direction: or

hands i.e. sides; so when the upper waters stood on a heap, both in Jordan and the Red Sea, they appeared as with sides or flankers unto the Israelites.

On high like a mountain, visible and conspicuous to all.

The mountains literally taken, it is an elegant hyperbole, expressing to us the glorious effects of God’ s power and presence; and thus Sinai and the contiguous hills, the whole mount, Exo 19:18 , are intended: or if you take it figuratively, these are kings and states, whose hieroglyphics in Scripture are mountains.

Saw were sensible of, showed they were sensible of his approach and presence.

Trembled were grieved; so it will well suit to mountains metaphorically taken, it was grief to the kings and states to see God own, conduct, and prosper Israel, Num 22:3 ; Josh. it. 9-11: or

trembled i.e. were shaken as with an earthquake, Exo 19:18 Psa 68:8 114:4,6 ; so it suits the letter of the text.

The overflowing the inundation, which at that season was wont to be very great, the mighty floods on Jordan.

Passed by passed away, i.e. at the word of God the waters below flowed and ran away from those above, which stood on a heap, to make a path for Israel.

The deep either the deep channel in which Jordan flowed, the very bottom of the river, appeared; or the deep, i.e. the Red Sea.

Uttered his voice with dreadful roaring, like a mighty voice, parted its waters; divided, but with great and terrible noise, in this unusual commotion.

Lifted up his hands testified its obedience to the command of God, as by lifting up the hand one doth at distance signify his ready compliance with the command, or direction: or

hands i.e. sides; so when the upper waters stood on a heap, both in Jordan and the Red Sea, they appeared as with sides or flankers unto the Israelites.

On high like a mountain, visible and conspicuous to all.

Haydock: Hab 3:10 - Grieved

Grieved. They seemed full of surprise, as in labour, (Hebrew) and the abyss spoke in its manner, (Calmet) obeying thy voice, and letting the Israelites pass. (Haydock) (Psalm lxxiii. 15., and cxiii. 3., and Numbers xxi. 13. (Calmet) ---

"Earth, sea, and rocks quake at the sight of God." (Æschyl.) (Haydock) ---

Septuagint are obscure, (Calmet) "Peoples shall behold thee, and grieve, (or be in labour: Greek: odinesousi has both meanings; St. Jerome) dividing the waters of the passage, the abyss," &c. Other cop.[copies?] read, "Thou, Lord, wilt divide," which S. Jerome explains of heresies, which soon disappear. (Haydock)

Gill: Hab 3:10 - The mountains saw thee, and they trembled // the overflowing of the water passed by // the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up hands on high

The mountains saw thee, and they trembled,.... At the power and presence of God, as Sinai of old; See Gill on Hab 3:6 by which are signified mighty people and nations, kings and great men, struck with terror at the amazing providence of God in the world, on the behalf of his own people, and against their enemies; see Rev 6:14,

the overflowing of the water passed by; which is usually referred to the overflowing of the river Jordan at the time of the passage of the Israelites through it, when the waters above stood and rose up as a heap, and those below failed, and were cut off, and passed away into the salt sea, Jos 3:15 but perhaps it may refer to the times of David, when he conquered all his enemies round about, who were like an overflowing flood; but now passed away, particularly the Philistines, who had always been very troublesome to Israel, but now were overcome by David at Baalperazim; where the Lord, on the contrary, broke forth upon his enemies as the breach of waters, from whence the place had its name, 2Sa 5:20 and as this respects time that was then to come, when this prayer was made, it may regard the flood of persecution, which ceased in Constantine's time, when Paganism was abolished, and Christianity established; concerning which it might be said, "the winter is past, the rain is over and gone", Son 2:11 and the word ⁿ here used signifies a large shower of rain, causing an inundation, a storm, a tempest; and so fitly expresses the violence of persecution, now at an end:

the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up hands on high; language very poetical, exceeding striking, very beautiful and elegant. It is generally understood of the deep waters of the Red sea, or of Jordan, or both, when divided for the Israelites to pass through; at which time, when they rose up, they made a great noise, and stood on a heap; and so the phrases are expressive of the roaring and raging of them as they rose up, which was as if they had spoken; and of the position in which they were, standing up on high, as if they had hands, and these lifted up: but rather they figuratively refer to the mighty nations conquered by David, who asked favour and mercy of him, and signified their subjection to him; and, having respect to times to come, may denote the subjection of the multitude of people and nations in the Roman empire to Christ, when heathenism was abolished in it; and the joy and rejoicing of Christians upon it, and the ceasing of persecution in it, even high and low, rich and poor, all ranks and degrees of men; height and depth, men in high or low circumstances, signified by the depth uttering his voice, and the height lifting up its hands, in token of praise and thankfulness; for so the latter clause may be rendered, "the height lifted up his hands" ^o; and answers to the deep in the preceding clause; agreeable to this sense is Jarchi's note,

""the deep uttered his voice": the inhabitants of the earth praised him; "the height lifted up his hands"; the host of heaven confessed unto him;''

every creature in heaven, on the earth, and under the earth, and in the sea, ascribed blessing, honour, glory, and power, to the Lord on this occasion, Rev 5:13. The Targum is,

"the powers on high stood wondering;''

amazed at what was done, and lifted up their hands with astonishment.