Teks -- Isaiah 11:14 (NET)

11:14 They will swoop down on the Philistine hills to the west; together they will loot the people of the east. They will take over Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites will be their subjects.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: Isa 11:14 - Fly

It is a metaphor from birds and beasts of prey.

Wesley: Isa 11:14 - Spoil

They shall subdue them, which is to be understood of the spiritual victory which the Messiah shall obtain by his apostles and ministers over all nations.

JFB: Isa 11:14

With united forces they shall subdue their foes (Amo 9:12).

JFB: Isa 11:14 - fly

As a bird of prey (Hab 1:8).

JFB: Isa 11:14 - upon the shoulders

This expresses an attack made unexpectedly on one from behind. The image is the more apt, as the Hebrew for "shoulders" in Num 34:11 is used also of a maritime coast ("side of the sea": Hebrew, "shoulder of the sea," Margin). They shall make a sudden victorious descent upon their borders southwest of Judea.

JFB: Isa 11:14 - them of the east

Hebrew, "children of the East," the Arabs, who, always hostile, are not to be reduced under regular government, but are only to be despoiled (Jer 49:28-29).

JFB: Isa 11:14 - lay . . . hand upon

Take possession of (Dan 11:42).

JFB: Isa 11:14 - Edom

South of Judah, from the Dead Sea to the Red Sea; "Moab"--east of Jordan and the Dead Sea.

JFB: Isa 11:14 - Ammon

East of Judea, north of Moab, between the Arnon and Jabbok.

Calvin: Isa 11:14 - And they shall fly on the shoulders of the Philistines // Edom and Moab // The stretching out of the hand

14.And they shall fly on the shoulders of the Philistines He means that there is also another way in which the Lord will assist his people; which is, that he will conquer their enemies, and subdue them under his dominion. Having spoken of the safety of the Church, he now declares that she will be victorious over her enemies. He mentions those nations with which the Jews incessantly carried on wars; for on the one hand the Philistines, and on the other the Ammonites and Moabites, to whom they were bound by the tie of relationship and kindred, were continually molesting and attacking them. On one side also were the Edomites, who were not restrained by blood-relationship from being most determined enemies; for they were descended from Esau, (Gen 25:25,) the brother of Jacob; and the remembrance of this ought to have dissuaded them from enmity and hatred. The Lord, therefore, promises that the Church, though she is not absolutely without enemies, will gain advantage over them by suffering, and in the end be victorious.

Edom and Moab shall be the stretching out of the hands. ¹⁸⁹ The stretching out of the hands means the dominion which the Church obtained over her enemies; for by the word hand is usually meant power; and the Hebrews use the phrase, to stretch out the hand, instead of “to place this or that under subjection.” Thus it is said,

I will set his hand in the sea, and his right hand in the rivers.
(Psa 89:25.)

The stretching out of the hand, therefore, is full power to rule; and, on the other hand, he adds the obedience which the enemies will yield to her: and the children of Ammon shall be their obedience ¹⁹⁰

The Jews, who dream of an earthly kingdom of Christ, interpret all this in a carnal sense, and apply it to I know not what external power; but they ought rather to judge of it according to the nature of Christ’s kingdom. Partly, no doubt, the accomplishment of this prediction was seen, when the Jews returned from captivity, and God brought them into moderate prosperity, contrary to the wish, and in spite of the opposition, of all the neighboring nations; but believers were led to expect a more splendid victory, which they at length obtained through the preaching of the gospel. Although we must continually fight under the cross, yet we vanquish our enemies, when we are rescued from the tyranny of the devil and of wicked men, and are restored to liberty by Christ, that the flesh may be subdued, and our lusts laid low, and that thus we may live to him, and in patience may possess our souls, (Luk 21:19,) calmly and patiently enduring everything that happens. And thus we even heap coals on the head (Rom 12:20) of enemies, to whose attacks and reproaches we appear to be subject.

TSK: Isa 11:14 - the Philistines // toward // spoil // them of the east

the Philistines : Oba 1:19; Zep 2:5; Zec 9:5-7

toward : Isa 59:19, Isa 66:19, Isa 66:20; Mat 8:11

spoil : Isa 33:1; Jer 49:28; Ezek. 38:1-39:29

them of the east : Heb. the children of the east, they shall lay, etc. Heb. Edom and Moab shall be the laying on of their hand; the children of Ammon their obedience. Isa 25:10, Isa 34:5, Isa 34:6, Isa 60:14; Num 24:17; Dan 11:41; Joe 3:19; Amo 9:12; Oba 1:18

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Isa 11:14 - Shall fly upon the shoulders // They shall spoil them

Shall fly upon the shoulders either it is a metaphor from birds and beasts of prey, which commonly fasten upon the shoulders of cattle; or from wrestlers, who endeavour to catch hold of their adversaries’ shoulders, that they may throw them down. Or, shoulder is put for a side , as Num 34:11 Jos 15:8,10 , or for part or quarter of a country, as Deu 33:12 .

They shall spoil them they shall subdue them; which is to be understood of the spiritual victory which the Jewish Messiah shall obtain by his apostles and ministers over all nations, in bringing them to the obedience of his gospel. For it is the manner of the prophets to speak of the spiritual things of the gospel under such corporal representations.

Haydock: Isa 11:14 - Shoulders // East

Shoulders. Or confines, Ezechiel xxv. 9. Ezechias and the Machabees attacked the Philistines. (Calmet) ---

Septuagint, "and they shall fly on the ships of the strangers; they shall plunder the sea together, and those on the east, and Idumea." (Haydock) ---

East. Ammonites, &c., often defeated by the Machabees, and probably by Ezechias.

Gill: Isa 11:14 - But they shall flee upon the shoulders of the Philistines towards the west // they shall spoil them of the east together // they shall lay their hand upon Edom and Moab // and the children of Ammon shall obey them

But they shall flee upon the shoulders of the Philistines towards the west,.... That is, Ephraim and Judah, who shall not only agree among themselves, but cheerfully join together against the common enemy: "they shall flee with the shoulder", as some render the words; with joint consent, as the phrase is used in Hos 6:9, Zep 3:9 and so the Targum,

"and they shall be joined together in one shoulder, to smite the Philistines;''

the Septuagint version is, "they shall flee in the ships of strangers"; and so Abarbinel interprets it of the ships of the Philistines, Genoese, and Venetians, that shall bring the Israelites from the west to the east, and carry them in ships by sea. The Philistines were the sworn enemies of the Israelites, and lay to the west of the land of Israel, and when the Gospel was sent into all the world, it began to be preached in the parts of Palestine, whereby many were converted, and embraced it, as foretold they should, Psa 87:4 and flying upon their shoulders, as it denotes the conquest of them, and their subjection to the Gospel, so the swiftness of the apostles in carrying it to them, when they had a commission to do it, who were all of them Jews, of one tribe or another; and these may also design the enemies of the people of God now, the antichristian states, some of which will fall off from Popery, receive the Gospel, hate the whore, eat her flesh, and burn her with fire; which will be brought about by the preaching of the Gospel by its ministers, who will fly in the midst of heaven, and upon the shoulders of the Romish antichrist, and proclaim the fall of Babylon, and call upon, the Lord's people to come out of it, Rev 14:6,

they shall spoil them of the east together; the Syrians and Arabians, who lay east of Judea; perhaps the Turks are meant, and the destruction of the Ottoman empire, whereby way will be made for the kings and kingdoms of the east to know, receive, and profess the Gospel of Christ, Rev 16:12.

they shall lay their hand upon Edom and Moab; or "there shall be a sending out of their hand"; that is, they shall stretch out their hand, and lay hold on these people, and bring them into subjection to them; which is to be understood of the sending out of the Gospel, by the hands of the ministers of it, into those countries where the Moabites and Edomites formerly dwelt; and thereby bringing them into subjection to Christ and his churches:

and the children of Ammon shall obey them; that have the rule in the house of God, submitting to the laws and ordinances of Christ.