Teks -- Revelation 22:1-2 (NET)

22:1 Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life– water as clear as crystal– pouring out from the throne of God and of the Lamb, 22:2 flowing down the middle of the city’s main street. On each side of the river is the tree of life producing twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit every month of the year. Its leaves are for the healing of the nations.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - He shewed me

He shewed me ( edeixen moi ).

The angel as in Rev 21:9, Rev 21:10 (cf. Rev 1:1; Rev 4:1). Now the interior of the city.

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - A river of water of life

A river of water of life ( potamon hudatos zōēs ).

For hudōr zōēs (water of life) see Rev 7:17; Rev 21:6; Rev 22:17; Joh 4:14. There was a river in the Garden of Eden (Gen 2:10). The metaphor of river reappears in Zec 14:8; Eze 47:9, and the fountain of life in Joe 3:18; Jer 2:13; Pro 10:11; Pro 13:14; Pro 14:27; Pro 16:22; Psa 36:10.

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - Bright as crystal

Bright as crystal ( lampron hōs krustallon ).

See Rev 4:6 for krustallon and Rev 15:6; Rev 19:8; Rev 22:16 for lampron . "Sparkling like rock crystal"(Swete), shimmering like mountain water over the rocks.

Robertson: Rev 22:1 - Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb

Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb ( ekporeuomenon ek tou thronou tou theou kai tou arniou ).

Cf. Eze 47:1; Zec 14:8. Already in Rev 3:21 Christ is pictured as sharing the Father’ s throne as in Heb 1:3. See also Rev 22:3. This phrase has no bearing on the doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street thereof

In the midst of the street thereof ( en mesōi tēs plateias autēs ).

Connected probably with the river in Rev 22:1, though many connect it with Rev 22:2. Only one street mentioned here as in Rev 21:21.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - On this side of the river and on that

On this side of the river and on that ( tou potamou enteuthen kai ekeithen ).

Enteuthen occurs as a preposition in Dan 12:5 (Theodoret) and may be so here (post-positive), purely adverbial in Joh 19:18.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - The tree of life

The tree of life ( xulon zōēs ).

For the metaphor see Gen 1:11. and Rev 2:7; Rev 22:14. Xulon is used for a green tree in Luk 23:31; Eze 47:12.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - Bearing

Bearing ( poioun ).

Neuter active participle of poieō (making, producing, as in Mat 7:17). Some MSS. have poiōn (masculine), though xulon is neuter.

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - Twelve manner of fruits

Twelve manner of fruits ( karpous dōdeka ).

"Twelve fruits."

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - Yielding

Yielding ( apodidoun ).

Neuter active participle of apodidōmi , to give back, but some MSS. have apodidous (masculine) like poiōn .

Robertson: Rev 22:2 - For the healing of the nations

For the healing of the nations ( eis therapeian tōn ethnōn ).

Spiritual healing, of course, as leaves (phulla ) are often used for obtaining medicines. Here again the problem occurs whether this picture is heaven before the judgment or afterwards. Charles distinguishes sharply between the Heavenly City for the millennial reign and the New Jerusalem that descends from heaven after the judgment. Charles rearranges these chapters to suit his theory. But chronology is precarious here.

Vincent: Rev 22:1 - Pure

Pure

Omit.

Vincent: Rev 22:1 - Clear

Clear ( λαμπρὸν )

See on Luk 23:11. Rev., bright .

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street thereof

In the midst of the street thereof

Some connect these words with the preceding. So Rev.

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - On either side

On either side ( ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν )

For the latter ἐντεῦθεν read ἐκεῖθεν , as render , as Rev., on this side and on that .

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - Tree

Tree ( ξύλον )

See on Luk 23:31, and see on Rev 2:7.

Vincent: Rev 22:2 - Twelve manner of fruits

Twelve manner of fruits ( καρποὺς δώδεκα )

Lit., twelve fruits . Some render crops or harvests of fruit . On these two verses compare Eze 47:1-12; Joe 3:18; Zec 14:8.

Wesley: Rev 22:1 - And he showed me a river of the water of life

The ever fresh and fruitful effluence of the Holy Ghost. See Eze 47:1-12; where also the trees are mentioned which "bear fruit every month," that is, perpetually. Proceeding out of the throne of God, and of the Lamb - "All that the Father hath," saith the Son of God, "is mine;" even the throne of his glory.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street

Here is the paradise of God, mentioned, Rev 2:7.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - Is the tree of life

Not one tree only, but many.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - Every month

That is, in inexpressible abundance. The variety, likewise, as well as the abundance of the fruits of the Spirit, may be intimated thereby.

Wesley: Rev 22:2 - And the leaves are for the healing of the nations

For the continuing their health, not the restoring it; for no sickness is there.

JFB: Rev 22:1 - pure

A, B, Vulgate, and HILARY 22, omit.

JFB: Rev 22:1 - water of life

Infinitely superior to the typical waters in the first Paradise (Gen 2:10-14); and even superior to those figurative ones in the millennial Jerusalem (Eze 47:1, Eze 47:12; Zec 14:8), as the matured fruit is superior to the flower. The millennial waters represent full Gospel grace; these waters of new Jerusalem represent Gospel glory perfected. Their continuous flow from God, the Fountain of life, symbolizes the uninterrupted continuance of life derived by the saints, ever fresh, from Him: life in fulness of joy, as well as perpetual vitality. Like pure crystal, it is free from every taint: compare Rev 4:6, "before the throne a sea of glass, like crystal."

JFB: Rev 22:1 - clear

Greek, "bright."

JFB: Rev 22:2

The harmonious unity of Scripture is herein exhibited. The Fathers compared it to a ring, an unbroken circle, returning into itself. Between the events of Genesis and those at the close of the Apocalypse, at least six thousand or seven thousand years intervene; and between Moses the first writer and John the last about one thousand five hundred years. How striking it is that, as in the beginning we found Adam and Eve, his bride, in innocence m Paradise, then tempted by the serpent, and driven from the tree of life, and from the pleasant waters of Eden, yet not without a promise of a Redeemer who should crush the serpent; so at the close, the old serpent cast out for ever by the second Adam, the Lord from heaven, who appears with His Bride, the Church, in a better Paradise, and amidst better waters (Rev 22:1): the tree of life also is there with all its healing properties, not guarded with a flaming sword, but open to all who overcome (Rev 2:7), and there is no more curse.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - street of it

That is, of the city.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - on either side of the river

ALFORD translates, "In the midst of the street of it (the city) and of the river, on one side and on the other" (for the second Greek, "enteuthen," A, B, and Syriac read, ekeithen: the sense is the same; compare Greek, Joh 19:18); thus the trees were on each side in the middle of the space between the street and the river. But from Eze 47:7, I prefer English Version. The antitype exceeds the type: in the first Paradise was only one tree of life; now there are "very many trees at the bank of the river, on the one side and on the other." To make good sense, supposing there to be but one tree, we should either, as MEDE, suppose that the Greek for street is a plain washed on both sides by the river (as the first Paradise was washed on one side by the Tigris, on the other by the Euphrates), and that in the midst of the plain, which itself is in the midst of the river's branches, stood the tree: in which case we may translate, "In the midst of the street (plain) itself, and of the river (having two branches flowing) on this and on that side, was there the tree of life." Or else with DURHAM suppose, the tree was in the midst of the river, and extending its branches to both banks. But compare Eze 47:12, the millennial type of the final Paradise; which shows that there are several trees of the one kind, all termed "the tree of life." Death reigns now because of sin; even in the millennial earth sin, and therefore death, though much limited, shall not altogether cease. But in the final and heavenly city on earth, sin and death shall utterly cease.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - yielded her fruit every month

Greek, "according to each month"; each month had its own proper fruit, just as different seasons are now marked by their own productions; only that then, unlike now, there shall be no season without its fruit, and there shall be an endless variety, answering to twelve, the number symbolical of the world-wide Church (compare Note, see on Rev 12:1; Rev 21:14). ARCHBISHOP WHATLEY thinks that the tree of life was among the trees of which Adam freely ate (Gen 2:9, Gen 2:16-17), and that his continuance in immortality was dependent on his continuing to eat of this tree; having forfeited it, he became liable to death; but still the effects of having eaten of it for a time showed themselves in the longevity of the patriarchs. God could undoubtedly endue a tree with special medicinal powers. But Gen 3:22 seems to imply, man had not yet taken of the tree, and that if he had, he would have lived for ever, which in his then fallen state would have been the greatest curse.

JFB: Rev 22:2 - leaves . . . for . . . healing

(Eze 47:9, Eze 47:12). The leaves shall be the health-giving preventive securing the redeemed against, not healing them of, sicknesses, while "the fruit shall be for meat." In the millennium described in Eze. 47:1-23 and Rev 20:1-15, the Church shall give the Gospel-tree to the nations outside Israel and the Church, and so shall heal their spiritual malady; but in the final and perfect new Jerusalem here described, the state of all is eternally fixed, and no saving process goes on any longer (compare Rev 22:11). ALFORD utterly mistakes in speaking of "nations outside," and "dwelling on the renewed earth, organized under kings, and saved by the influences of the heavenly city" (!) Compare Rev 21:2, Rev. 21:10-27; the "nations" mentioned (Rev 21:24) are those which have long before, namely, in the millennium (Rev 11:15), become the Lord's and His Christ's.

Clarke: Rev 22:1 - Pure river of water of life

Pure river of water of life - This is evidently a reference to the garden of paradise, and the river by which it was watered; and there is also a reference to the account, Eze 47:7-12. Water of life, as we have seen before, generally signifies spring or running water; here it may signify incessant communications of happiness proceeding from God.

Clarke: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street of it

In the midst of the street of it - That is, of the city which was described in the preceding chapter

Clarke: Rev 22:2 - The tree of life

The tree of life - An allusion to Gen 2:9. As this tree of life is stated to be in the streets of the city, and on each side of the river, tree must here be an enallage of the singular for the plural number, trees of life, or trees which yielded fruit by which life was preserved. The account in Ezekiel is this: "And by the river, upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade - it shall bring forth new fruit, according to his months - and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine;"Eze 47:12

Clarke: Rev 22:2 - Twelve manner of fruits

Twelve manner of fruits - Καρπους δωδεκα· Twelve fruits; that is, fruit twelve times in the year, as is immediately explained, yielded her fruit every month. As this was a great and spacious city, one fountain was not sufficient to provide water for it, therefore a river is mentioned; a great river, by which it was sufficiently watered. Some think that by this tree of life the Gospel is indicated; the twelve fruits are the twelve apostles; and the leaves are Gospel doctrines by which the nations - the Gentiles, are healed of the disease of sin. But this seems to be a fanciful interpretation.

Defender: Rev 22:1 - pure river

The primeval river emerging from Eden (Gen 2:10) seems to have been a representation of this eternal river proceeding from the throne of the Lamb. Like the former river, this will probably also part into four directions, watering the whole city and the entire earth. Since there will be no sea, there will be no rain. This wonderful river of the water of life, however, will surely support an abundance of vegetation everywhere - with enough water for the whole world and none wasted. Presumably, the Lord will continue to create an unending supply of water from His throne for all these needs."

Defender: Rev 22:2 - tree of life

The cherubim had once been directed by God to prevent sinful men from eating the fruit of the tree of life and living forever in their sins (Gen 3:22-24). In the new Jerusalem, however, the tree of life will always be freely accessible to all; it will probably also grow alongside the river wherever its distributaries flow throughout the whole earth.

Defender: Rev 22:2 - twelve manner of fruits

Here is a marvelous thing. Instead of twelve different kinds of fruit trees, each bearing its fruit only in its particular season, God has programmed this tree to bear all of them, each in its proper time.

Defender: Rev 22:2 - every month

There will still be a flow of time in the new earth, and some means (perhaps astronomical, as at present) of measuring time. Even though there will be no night in the city itself, since the glory of God perpetually illumines it, the sun and moon will still be in the sky, and may well continue the normal procession of days, months and years which God had originally established in His "very good" creation in the beginning (Gen 1:14, Gen 1:31). It is not that time will cease, as some teach, but that time will never end, "throughout all ages, world without end" (Eph 3:21)."

TSK: Rev 22:1 - A pure // water // clear // proceeding

A pure : Psa 36:8, Psa 46:4; Isa 41:18, Isa 48:18, Isa 66:12; Eze 47:1-9; Zec 14:8; Joh 7:38, Joh 7:39

water : Rev 7:17, Rev 21:6; Psa 36:9; Jer 2:13, Jer 17:13; Joh 4:10,Joh 4:11, Joh 4:14

clear : Rev 21:11

proceeding : Rev 3:21, Rev 4:5, Rev 5:6, Rev 5:13, Rev 7:10,Rev 7:11, Rev 7:17; Joh 14:16-18, Joh 15:26, Joh 16:7-15; Act 1:4, Act 1:5, Act 2:33

TSK: Rev 22:2 - the midst // the tree of life // healing

the midst : Rev 22:1, Rev 21:21; Eze 47:1, Eze 47:12

the tree of life : Rather, the definite article not being in the original, ""a tree of life;""for there were three trees; one in the street, and one on each side of the river. Rev 22:14, Rev 2:7; Gen 2:9, Gen 3:22-24; Pro 3:18

healing : Rev 21:24; Psa 147:3; Isa 6:10, Isa 57:18, Isa 57:19; Jer 17:14; Eze 47:8-11; Hos 14:4; Mal 4:2; Luk 4:18; 1Pe 2:24

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Rev 22:1 - And he // Showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal // Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb

Rev 22:1,2 The river and tree of life.

Rev 22:3-7 The glorious state of the servants of God.

Rev 22:8,9 John is forbidden by the angel to worship him,

Rev 22:10,11 and commanded to seal up the prophet.

Rev 22:12,13 Christ’ s coming and eternity.

Rev 22:14-17 The blessedness of them that do God’ s commandments.

Rev 22:18-20 Nothing must be added to or taken from this prophecy.

Rev 22:21 The concluding benediction.

And he the angel, who showed him all before mentioned.

Showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal: no place can be happy without the accommodation of water; those places have the best accommodation of it that are near a river, especially a pure river. To let us know, that in heaven there shall be no want of any thing that can make the saints happy, it is described as having by it, or running through it, a pure river, whose water is clear, and no ordinary water, but such as giveth and preserveth life. What could this signify, but the pure and unmixed joys of heaven?

Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb flowing from the saints thee enjoying of God and Jesus Christ.

Poole: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life // Which bare twelve manner of fruits // And yielded her fruit every month // And the leaves of the trees were for the healing of the nations

In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life: trees, especially fruit trees, and those laden with fruit, and variety of fruit, and such as, instead of being prejudicial to life, are wholesome, and give life, are very beautiful, especially in or near a city. The city in Ezekiel’ s vision, Eze 47:7 , is thus described. This expression further shows the infinite pleasure and soul satisfaction the saints shall have in heaven. But we are further told here, that the tree here was the tree of life; a manifest allusion to a tree so called in old Paradise, Gen 2:9 ; and who can this agree to, but Christ?

Which bare twelve manner of fruits in whom all fulness dwelt, the fulness of the Godhead, and who was anointed, and received the Spirit without measure.

And yielded her fruit every month and is daily distributing of his fulness to his people.

And the leaves of the trees were for the healing of the nations and in whom there is nothing useless, but what tends either to the life or healing of his people out of all nations.

PBC: Rev 22:1

Re 22:1-2 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.

This is that water of life which Jesus promised to the Samaritan woman whom He met at the well. " And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely" {Re 21:6} "And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely." {Re 22:17} This water of life is needed to quench the thirst of the Church in the earth.

The tree of life gives the healing balm of Gilead. All nations which bring their praise into the Church are blessed with this tree of life which draws sustenance from the river of life. The Word of God declares that a man blessed whose delight is in the law of the Lord. " And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper." {Ps 1:3} The Church in the earth is blessed when she depends upon God for her every need.— Eld. Charles Taylor

Haydock: Rev 22:1 - A river of water of life

A river of water of life, or of living water. It is spoken with allusion to the rivers of paradise and to the tree of life. (Witham)

Haydock: Rev 22:2 - For the healing of the nations

For the healing of the nations, or Gentiles, to signify the call of all Gentiles or nations to this heavenly happiness. (Witham)

Gill: Rev 22:1 - And he showed me a pure river of water of life // clear as crystal // proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb

And he showed me a pure river of water of life,.... Not baptism, which used to be administered in rivers and pools of water; and which engaged to purity of life; and, the power and authority of administering which was from God and Christ; but in this Jerusalem state there will be no use nor need of ordinances; for Rev 22:1 belongs to the preceding chapter, and is a continuation of the same account, this being not a new vision, but a part of the former, which the same angel, as in Rev 21:9 proceeds to show to John: nor is the Holy Ghost intended by this river, whose gifts and graces are sometimes, for their plenty, purity, and quickening virtue, compared to rivers of living water; and who is a pure and holy Spirit, and proceeds from the Father and the Son: nor the doctrine of the Gospel, which comes from the blessed God, and is the Gospel of Christ; and, when purely and faithfully preached, is clear as crystal; and is the means of conveying spiritual life to men, and of supporting it in them: nor the ultimate joys of heaven, which may be called a river of pleasure, for the fulness and variety of delight; pure, and clear as crystal, for the holiness and perfect knowledge of that state; and be said to proceed from the throne of God and the Lamb, being the free gift of God through Christ; but this state is not designed here: rather, therefore, by this river is meant the everlasting love of God, which may be compared to a river for its largeness and abundance, its height and depth, its length and breadth; and for the large displays of it in this state, when its waters will increase, and be a broad river to swim in, and be unpassable; and for the streams of it in election, redemption, calling, justification, pardon, adoption, and eternal life, which make glad the city of God; and for the pleasure it yields, and the fruitfulness it gives to those who drink of it: it may be called a river "of water of life", because in the present state of things it quickens such who are dead in trespasses and sins; revives the saints when dead and lifeless, supports their spirits, and is a cordial that preserves from fainting; it keeps and secures from dying the second death and is the spring and source of eternal life; and that itself will last and flow for ever, it is ever running water, it is everlasting love: and it may be said to be pure and

clear as crystal, it being free from all hypocrisy and dissimulation, being real, hearty, and sincere, both in the Father and in Christ, of which the fullest proofs and demonstrations are given; and being clear of all motives and conditions in the creature, by which it might be influenced; and it engaging to purity and holiness of life and conversation; for the doctrine, which brings the account of it, and the inward principle of grace, which is the fruit of it, and every discovery of it, have a tendency hereunto:

proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb; not taking its rise from man's obedience, nor from his love to God, nor from his faith in Christ; for the love of God is prior to all these, and is the spring and cause of them, and therefore cannot be moved and influenced by them; but it has its origin from the sovereignty of God and of Christ, signified by the throne of both, who will be gracious to whom they will be gracious; nor can any reason be given why they love any of the sons of men, but their own sovereign will and pleasure; this is the sole motive, spring, and cause of their love; and God and the Lamb being mentioned together, shows both the equal dignity of their persons, being on the same throne, and the equality of their love to the inhabitants of the new Jerusalem: and thus, as a river adds to the pleasure, use, convenience, and wholesomeness of a city, this glorious city is commended by such a river running by it, or in the midst of it: there may be an allusion to the river which ran out of the garden of Eden, for this will be a paradisiacal state, Gen 2:9 or rather to the waters in Eze 47:1 which came from under the threshold of the Sanctuary; though this river proceeds not from the temple, there being no temple in this state, but from the throne of God and the Lamb, which is instead of it.

Gill: Rev 22:2 - In the midst of the street of it // and on either side of the river was there the tree of life // which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month // and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations

In the midst of the street of it,.... That is, of the city described in the preceding chapter, which shows that this vision belongs to that, and is a continuation of it, and which street was all of pure gold, Rev 21:21

and on either side of the river was there the tree of life; not that it stood either in the midst of the street of the city, which being a pavement of gold, a tree could not well stand there; nor on both sides of the river, which is impossible, unless the tree of life is put for many trees of the same kind, as in Ezekiel's vision, to which the allusion is; and so some were on one side of the river, and some on the other, as there; see Eze 47:7 or unless it can be thought that such a solution of the difficulty is sufficient, that the root of it was on one side, and the branches grew over to the other; though the words may be better rendered, and the difficulty will be removed, and the sense be clear, "between the street of it", the city, "and the river, on this side, and on that side"; that is, the street on one side, and the river on the other, was the tree of life; compare with this Joh 19:18. So the Jews say ^e, that the tree of life is in the midst of paradise, and its body covers all the garden; and that there is in it five hundred thousand different tastes; and that there is no likeness and smell like it. By the tree of life is meant not the Gospel, nor godliness, nor eternal life, nor any other of the divine Persons, but Christ, who is the author of life, natural, spiritual, and eternal; See Gill on Rev 2:7 and its situation between the street of the city, where the saints commune and converse together, and the river of God's everlasting love, which in this state will appear in its fulness and glory, shows that Christ will be seen and enjoyed by all in the most delightful and comfortable manner that can be wished for:

which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; not one sort of fruit one month, and another sort another month, and so on, but twelve sorts every month; which is expressive of the fruits and spiritual blessings of grace from Christ, enjoyed by saints in the present state, and of that variety of happiness and pleasures to be had in this glorious state, and of the continuance of them; they being always ever fresh and new, and will be always sufficient for the twelve tribes of the true Israel of God, and for all that have embraced the doctrine of the twelve apostles of the Lamb; whose drink in this state will be the everlasting love of God, and whose food will be the fruit of the tree of life; both which they shall enjoy in great abundance:

and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations; not for the curing of diseases, or repairing of health; which in the present state of things is done by the application of the blood of Christ for the pardon of sin, which is a healing of diseases, and by the discoveries of the love of God; through the ministration of the Gospel, and the doctrines of it, which might be thought to be signified by leaves; for there will be no disease either of body or mind in this state; besides, the nations that will walk in the light of this city will be saved perfectly and completely, Rev 21:4 but these leaves will be for the preserving and continuing the health of the people of God in this state, as the tree of life in Eden's garden was for the preservation of the health and life of Adam, had he continued in a state of innocence; and it denotes that everything in Christ will contribute to the comfort, health, and happiness of the saints. The Jews interpret the passage in Eze 47:12 to which this refers, of future time, or the world to come ^f; and speak of various trees and herbs of great fragrancy and medicinal virtues, which grow quite round on the sides of a laver that stands in paradise ^g.