Teks -- Isaiah 63:10 (NET)

63:10 But they rebelled and offended his holy Spirit, so he turned into an enemy and fought against them.

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JFB: Isa 63:10 - vexed

Grieved (Psa 78:40; Psa 95:10; Act 7:51; Eph 4:30; Heb 3:10, Heb 3:17).

JFB: Isa 63:10 - he fought

Rather, "He it was that fought," namely, the angel of His presence [HORSLEY], (Lam 2:5).

Clarke: Isa 63:10 - And he fought against them

And he fought against them - Twenty-six MSS. (ten ancient) and the first edition, with another, add the conjunction ו vau , והוא vehu , and he.

Calvin: Isa 63:10 - But they were rebellious // Therefore he became an enemy to them // And they provoked his Holy Spirit

10.But they were rebellious The Prophet now comes down to the second clause, in which he states that the Lord ceased to shew kindness to his people, because they revolted, and turned aside from him. The question turns on this point: “God exercised his kindness towards our fathers for a long time; why do not we experience the same kindness? Is he unlike himself?” By no means; but we ourselves, by our rebellion, refuse and even drive away his goodness. Yet the Prophet not only accuses the men of his own age, but likewise condemns former ages. We see how, even when they had Moses for their leader, they murmured against God and rebelled. (Exo 17:5; Num 11:1.)

Therefore he became an enemy to them He shews that the effect of their rebellion was, that God, who had loved them tenderly, yet, in consequence of their obstinacy, “became an enemy to them.” Let them accuse themselves, therefore, for suffering the punishment of their transgressions; for God is by nature disposed to shew kindness, and nothing is more agreeable to him than to bestow his favors.

And they provoked his Holy Spirit We are said to irritate “the Holy Spirit” by our wickedness; and this form of expression, after the manner of men, is intended to produce in us stronger abhorrence against sin, which provokes God’s wrath and hatred. Now, since it is the same Spirit that performs the work of our salvation, the Prophet suggests that God is alienated from us by our sins, which break asunder the bond of union. To this belongs the exhortation of Paul,

“Grieve not; the Spirit of God, by whom ye have been sealed to the day of redemption.” (Eph 4:30.)

It ought also to be observed here, that we have no reason for blaming men, who hate and persecute us, seeing that the Lord makes war with us, and punishes our transgressions by their hand. We ought therefore to accuse and condemn our transgressions; for they are the cause of all the evils which we endure.

Defender: Isa 63:10 - his holy Spirit

A noteworthy Old Testament reference to the Holy Spirit. Vexing Him is, no doubt, tantamount in this age to quenching or grieving the Holy Spirit (1Th 5:19; Eph 4:30)."

TSK: Isa 63:10 - they rebelled // vexed // he was

they rebelled : Isa 1:2, Isa 65:2; Exo 15:24, Exo 16:8, Exo 32:8; Num 14:9-11, 16:1-35; Deu 9:7, Deu 9:22-24; Neh 9:16, Neh 9:17, Neh 9:26, Neh 9:29; Lam 1:18, Lam 1:20; Eze 2:3, Eze 2:7, Eze 20:8, Eze 20:13, Eze 20:21

vexed : Psa 78:8, Psa 78:40,Psa 78:49, Psa 78:56, Psa 95:9-11; Eze 6:9; Act 7:51; Eph 4:30

he was : Exo 23:21; Lev. 26:17-46; Deut. 28:15-68, Deu 32:19-25; Jer 21:5, Jer 30:14; Lam 2:4, Lam 2:5; Mat 22:7

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Poole: Isa 63:10 - They rebelled // Vexed his holy Spirit // He was turned to be their enemy

They rebelled: many of their rebellions we read of in Exodus and Numbers in their travels. The Lord tells Moses that they had tempted him ten times, and therefore severely threatens them, Num 14:22,23 . There were three principal times of their rebellion:

1. In the wilderness, where they murmured for want of bread and water.

2. In Canaan, in not destroying, but only making tributary, such nations as God commanded them to destroy.

3. Before the Babylonian captivity, when they set themselves against the prophets, which Stephen chargeth upon them, Act 7:51,52 . Among which also we may reckon all their behaviours under their judges and their kings. Or we may understand it of their not answering God’ s end and expectation.

Vexed his holy Spirit Spirit of his holiness; they vexed him by their obstinacy against his will and mind, and walking contrary unto him: not that there are such passions in God, but it is spoken after the manner of men, as they are vexed when their will is crossed.

He was turned to be their enemy overthrew them not only in the wilderness, Psa 78:33,59,60 , &c., sending among them fiery serpents, Num 21:6 ; but even in Canaan, stirring up against them adversaries sometimes the Philistines, and the Midianites, and then the Moabites, &c.

PBC: Isa 63:10

See PB: Ps 78:17

Haydock: Isa 63:10 - One

One; Moses, Numbers xiv. 29., and xx. 3, 12.

Gill: Isa 63:10 - But they rebelled // and vexed his Holy Spirit // therefore he was turned to be their enemy // and he fought against them

But they rebelled,.... Against the Lord, not withstanding he thought so well of them; did so many good things for them; sympathized with them, and showed them so many favours; wretched ingratitude! they rebelled against the Lord in the times of Moses, at the Red sea, and in the wilderness, by their murmurings, unbelief, and idolatry; wherefore he calls them a rebellious people, and says they were such from the day he had been with them; and so in later times, in the times of the judges, and of the prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel, they rebelled against God their Parent, Protector, and King; see Deu 9:7 and so they did in the times of Christ, whom they rejected as the Messiah, and disowned as their King, and still continue in their rebellion, Luk 19:14,

and vexed his Holy Spirit; the Spirit of God the Father, who pitied them in all their afflictions; or the Spirit of the Angel of his presence, that redeemed and saved them; for the Spirit is both the Spirit of the Father and of the Son; and he is holy in his nature and operations, and the author of sanctification in the hearts of his people; him they vexed and provoked to anger against them, speaking after the manner of men, by their sins and transgressions; rejecting his counsels and instructions by Moses, and by the prophets in later times, in and by whom he spake unto them, and by the apostles in Gospel times; for the Jews, as their fathers before them ever did, resisted the Holy Spirit of God in the evidence he gave of the Messiah, which must be very provoking, Act 7:51. The Targum paraphrases it, the word of his holy prophets; and so Kimchi and Ben Melech interpret it; and according to some, in Aben Ezra, the Angel of glory is meant, who went before the people of Israel, whom they were charged not to provoke, Exo 23:20,

therefore he was turned to be their enemy; not that there is any change in God, or any turn in him from love to hatred; but he may, and sometimes does, so appear in his providential dispensations towards his people, as to seem to be their enemy, and to be thought to be so by them, Job 13:24. The Targum is, and his Word became their enemy; compare with this Luk 19:27,

and he fought against them; as he threatened he would when they behaved ill towards him; and as he actually did when he brought the sword upon them, gave them up into the hands of their enemies, as often in the times of the judges, and particularly when the king of Babylon came against them; see Lev 26:25 and as the Messiah did when he brought the Roman armies against them, and destroyed their city, to which times this prophecy is thought by some to have respect, and not without reason.