Kisah Para Rasul 21:32-33

21:32 He ¹  immediately took ²  soldiers and centurions ³  and ran down to the crowd. ⁴  When they saw ⁵  the commanding officer ⁶  and the soldiers, they stopped beating ⁷  Paul. 21:33 Then the commanding officer ⁸  came up and arrested ⁹  him and ordered him to be tied up with two chains; ¹⁰  he ¹¹  then asked who he was and what ¹²  he had done.

Kisah Para Rasul 21:37

21:37 As Paul was about to be brought into the barracks, ¹³  he said ¹⁴  to the commanding officer, ¹⁵  “May I say ¹⁶  something to you?” The officer ¹⁷  replied, ¹⁸  “Do you know Greek? ¹⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 22:28-29

22:28 The commanding officer ²⁰  answered, “I acquired this citizenship with a large sum of money.” ²¹  “But I was even ²²  born a citizen,” ²³  Paul replied. ²⁴  22:29 Then those who were about to interrogate him stayed away ²⁵  from him, and the commanding officer ²⁶  was frightened when he realized that Paul ²⁷  was ²⁸  a Roman citizen ²⁹  and that he had had him tied up. ³⁰ 

Kisah Para Rasul 23:17

23:17 Paul called ³¹  one of the centurions ³²  and said, “Take this young man to the commanding officer, ³³  for he has something to report to him.”

Kisah Para Rasul 23:22

23:22 Then the commanding officer ³⁴  sent the young man away, directing him, ³⁵  “Tell no one that you have reported ³⁶  these things to me.”

Kisah Para Rasul 23:27

23:27 This man was seized ³⁷  by the Jews and they were about to kill him, ³⁸  when I came up ³⁹  with the detachment ⁴⁰  and rescued him, because I had learned that he was ⁴¹  a Roman citizen. ⁴² 

Kisah Para Rasul 24:22

24:22 Then Felix, ⁴³  who understood the facts ⁴⁴  concerning the Way ⁴⁵  more accurately, ⁴⁶  adjourned their hearing, ⁴⁷  saying, “When Lysias the commanding officer comes down, I will decide your case.” ⁴⁸ 

Kisah Para Rasul 27:1

Paul and Company Sail for Rome

27:1 When it was decided we ⁴⁹  would sail to Italy, ⁵⁰  they handed over Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion ⁵¹  of the Augustan Cohort ⁵²  named Julius.

[21:32]  ¹ tn Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence and the tendency of contemporary English to use shorter sentences, the relative pronoun (“who”) was translated as a pronoun (“he”) and a new sentence was begun here in the translation.

[21:32]  ² tn Grk “taking…ran down.” The participle κατέδραμεν (katedramen) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[21:32]  ³ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[21:32]  ⁴ tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:32]  ⁵ tn Grk “seeing.” The participle ἰδόντες (idonte") has been taken temporally.

[21:32]  ⁶ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 31.

[21:32]  ⁷ sn The mob stopped beating Paul because they feared the Romans would arrest them for disturbing the peace and for mob violence. They would let the Roman officials take care of the matter from this point on.

[21:33]  ⁸ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 31.

[21:33]  ⁹ tn Grk “seized.”

[21:33]  ¹⁰ tn The two chains would be something like handcuffs (BDAG 48 s.v. ἅλυσις and compare Acts 28:20).

[21:33]  ¹¹ tn Grk “and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun in the translation, and καί (kai) has been replaced with a semicolon. “Then” has been supplied after “he” to clarify the logical sequence.

[21:33]  ¹² tn Grk “and what it is”; this has been simplified to “what.”

[21:37]  ¹³ tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”

[21:37]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “says” (a historical present).

[21:37]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers) See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 31.

[21:37]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “Is it permitted for me to say” (an idiom).

[21:37]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “He”; the referent (the officer) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:37]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “said.”

[21:37]  ¹⁹ sn “Do you know Greek?” Paul as an educated rabbi was bilingual. Paul’s request in Greek allowed the officer to recognize that Paul was not the violent insurrectionist he thought he had arrested (see following verse). The confusion of identities reveals the degree of confusion dominating these events.

[22:28]  ²⁰ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:28]  ²¹ sn Sometimes Roman citizenship was purchased through a bribe (Dio Cassius, Roman History 60.17.4-9). That may well have been the case here.

[22:28]  ²² tn BDAG 495-96 s.v. καί 2.b has “intensive: even…Ac 5:39; 22:28.”

[22:28]  ²³ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:28]  sn Paul’s reference to being born a citizen suggests he inherited his Roman citizenship from his family.

[22:28]  ²⁴ tn Grk “Paul said.” This phrase has been placed at the end of the sentence in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[22:29]  ²⁵ tn BDAG 158 s.v. ἀφίστημι 2.b has “keep away…ἀπό τινος… Lk 4:13; Ac 5:38; 2 Cor 12:8…cp. Ac 22:29.” In context, the point would seem to be not that the interrogators departed or withdrew, but that they held back from continuing the flogging.

[22:29]  ²⁶ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:29]  ²⁷ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:29]  ²⁸ tn This is a present tense (ἐστιν, estin) retained in indirect discourse. It must be translated as a past tense in contemporary English.

[22:29]  ²⁹ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:29]  ³⁰ sn Had him tied up. Perhaps a reference to the chains in Acts 21:33, or the preparations for the lashing in Acts 22:25. A trial would now be needed to resolve the matter. The Roman authorities’ hesitation to render a judgment in the case occurs repeatedly: Acts 22:30; 23:28-29; 24:22; 25:20, 26-27. The legal process begun here would take the rest of Acts and will be unresolved at the end. The process itself took four years of Paul’s life.

[23:17]  ³¹ tn Grk “calling…Paul said.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesameno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[23:17]  ³² sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[23:17]  ³³ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.

[23:22]  ³⁴ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.

[23:22]  ³⁵ tn BDAG 760 s.v. παραγγέλλω has “to make an announcement about someth. that must be done, give orders, command, instruct, direct of all kinds of persons in authority, worldly rulers, Jesus, the apostles…παραγγέλλειν w. an inf. and μή comes to mean forbid to do someth.: π. τινί w. aor. inf. Lk 5:14; 8:56; without the dat., which is easily supplied fr. the context Ac 23:22.” However, if the direct discourse which follows is to be retained in the translation, a different translation must be used since it is awkward to introduce direct discourse with the verb to forbid. Thus the alternative to direct was used.

[23:22]  ³⁶ tn On this verb, see BDAG 325-26 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 2. The term was frequently used of an official report to authorities. In modern terms, this was a police tip.

[23:27]  ³⁷ tn The participle συλλημφθέντα (sullhmfqenta) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. The remark reviews events of Acts 21:27-40.

[23:27]  ³⁸ tn Grk “and was about to be killed by them.” The passive construction has been converted to an active one in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[23:27]  ³⁹ tn Or “approached.”

[23:27]  ⁴⁰ tn Normally this term means “army,” but according to BDAG 947 s.v. στράτευμα, “Of a smaller detachment of soldiers, sing. Ac 23:10, 27.” In the plural it can be translated “troops,” but it is singular here.

[23:27]  ⁴¹ tn In Greek this is a present tense retained in indirect discourse.

[23:27]  ⁴² tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[23:27]  sn The letter written by the Roman commander Claudius Lysias was somewhat self-serving. He made it sound as if the rescue of a Roman citizen had been a conscious act on his part. In fact, he had made the discovery of Paul’s Roman citizenship somewhat later. See Acts 21:37-39 and 22:24-29.

[24:22]  ⁴³ sn See the note on Antonius Felix in 23:24.

[24:22]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “the things.”

[24:22]  ⁴⁵ tn That is, concerning Christianity.

[24:22]  ⁴⁶ tn BDAG 39 s.v. ἀκριβῶς has “Comp. ἀκριβέστερον more exactly…ἀ. ἐκτίθεσθαι explain more exactly Ac 18:26, cp. 23:15, 20; also more accurately…24:22.” Felix knew more about the Christian movement than what the Jewish leaders had told him.

[24:22]  ⁴⁷ tn L&N 56.18 s.v. ἀναβάλλω has “to adjourn a court proceeding until a later time – ‘to adjourn a hearing, to stop a hearing and put it off until later.’…‘then Felix, who was well informed about the Way, adjourned their hearing’ Ac 24:22.”

[24:22]  ⁴⁸ tn BDAG 227 s.v. διαγινώσκω 2 states, “to make a judicial decision, decide/hear (a case)…τὰ καθ᾿ ὑμᾶς decide your case Ac 24:22.”

[27:1]  ⁴⁹ sn The last “we” section in Acts begins here and extends to 28:16 (the previous one ended at 21:18).

[27:1]  ⁵⁰ sn Sail to Italy. This voyage with its difficulty serves to show how God protected Paul on his long journey to Rome. From the perspective of someone in Palestine, this may well picture “the end of the earth” quite literally (cf. Acts 1:8).

[27:1]  ⁵¹ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[27:1]  ⁵² tn According to BDAG 917 s.v. σεβαστός, “In σπεῖρα Σεβαστή 27:1 (cp. OGI 421) Σεβαστή is likew. an exact transl. of Lat. Augusta, an honorary title freq. given to auxiliary troops (Ptolem. renders it Σεβαστή in connection w. three legions that bore it: 2, 3, 30; 2, 9, 18; 4, 3, 30) imperial cohort.” According to W. Foerster (TDNT 7:175), “In Ac. 27:1 the σπεῖρα Σεβαστή is an expression also found elsewhere for ‘auxiliary troops.’” In no case would this refer to a special imperial bodyguard, and to translate “imperial regiment” or “imperial cohort” might give this impression. There is some archaeological evidence for a Cohors Augusta I stationed in Syria during the time of Augustus, but whether this is the same unit is very debatable.

[27:1]  sn The Augustan Cohort. A cohort was a Roman military unit of about 600 soldiers, one-tenth of a legion. There is considerable debate over the identification of this particular cohort and the meaning of the title Augustan mentioned here. These may well have been auxiliary (provincial) troops given the honorary title.