Teks -- 2 Corinthians 7:10 (NET)

7:10 For sadness as intended by God produces a repentance that leads to salvation, leaving no regret, but worldly sadness brings about death.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: 2Co 7:10 - For godly sorrow

For godly sorrow ( hē gar kata theon lupē ).

"For the sorrow according to God"(God’ s ideal, 2Co 7:9).

Robertson: 2Co 7:10 - Worketh repentance unto salvation a repentance without regret

Worketh repentance unto salvation a repentance without regret ( metanoian eis sōtērian ametamelēton ergazetai ).

This clause alone should have prevented the confusion between mere "sorrow"(lupē ) as indicated in metamelomai , to regret (to be sorry again) and "change of mind and life"as shown by metanoian (metanoeō ) and wrongly translated "repentance."The sorrow according to God does work this "change of mind and life"unto salvation, a change "not to be regretted"(ametamelēton , an old verbal adjective of metamelomai and a privative, but here alone in N.T.). It agrees with metanoian , not sōtērian .

Robertson: 2Co 7:10 - But the sorrow of the world

But the sorrow of the world ( hē de tou kosmou lupē ).

In contrast, the kind of sorrow that the world has, grief "for failure, not for sin"(Bernard), for the results as seen in Cain, Esau (his tears!), and Judas (remorse, metemelēthē ). Works out (perfective use of kaṫ ) death in the end.

Vincent: 2Co 7:10 - Sorrow - repentance

Sorrow - repentance ( λύπη - μετάνοιαν )

Paul's words strike effectively at the popular identification of sorrow with repentance .

Vincent: 2Co 7:10 - Not to be repented of

Not to be repented of ( ἀμεταμέλητον )

Construe with repentance . The Rev., in order to bring out this connection, amplifies the translation: a repentance which bringeth no regret . The oxymoron (see on Rom 1:20; Rom 4:18) is in the A.V. rather than in the Greek. It should be carefully observed that the two words, repentance , not to be repented of , represent different roots and different ideas: repentance (μετάνοιαν ) denoting the moral change , and to be repented of denoting the sentiment of misgiving or regret (see on Mat 21:29), and so answering to λύπη sorrow . The Rev. brings out the distinction by substituting regret for repentance .

Vincent: 2Co 7:10 - Sorrow of the world

Sorrow of the world

Antithesis with the sorrow which is according to God (A.V., godly sorrow ). Sorrow which is characteristic of the world; grief for the consequences rather than for the sin as sin.

Vincent: 2Co 7:10 - Worketh

Worketh ( κατεργάζεται )

Brings to pass. Notice that the simple verb ἐργάζετι is used in the previous clause, the distinction from this verb being obliterated by rendering both worketh . The difference is between contributing to a result and achieving it.

Wesley: 2Co 7:10 - The sorrow of the world

Sorrow that arises from worldly considerations.

Wesley: 2Co 7:10 - Worketh death

Naturally tends to work or occasion death, temporal, spiritual, and eternal.

JFB: 2Co 7:10 - worketh . . . worketh

In the best Greek reading the translation is, "worketh (simply) . . . worketh out." "Sorrow" is not repentance, but, where it is "godly," "worketh" it; that is, contributes or tends to it (the same Greek word is in Rom 13:10). The "sorrow of the world" (that is, such as is felt by the worldly) "worketh out," as its result at last, (eternal) death (the same Greek verb is in 2Co 4:17; also see on 2Co 4:17).

JFB: 2Co 7:10 - repentance . . . not to be repented of

There is not in the Greek this play on words, so that the word qualified is not "repentance" merely, but "repentance unto salvation"; this, he says, none will ever regret, however attended with "sorrow" at the time. "Repentance" implies a coming to a right mind; "regret" implies merely uneasiness of feeling at the past or present, and is applied even to the remorse of Judas (Mat 27:3; Greek, "stricken with remorse," not as English Version, "repented himself"); so that, though always accompanying repentance, it is not always accompanied by repentance. "Repentance" removes the impediments in the way of "salvation" (to which "death," namely, of the soul, is opposed). "The sorrow of the world" is not at the sin itself, but at its penal consequences: so that the tears of pain are no sooner dried up, than the pleasures of ungodliness are renewed. So Pharaoh, Exo 9:27-30; and Saul, 1Sa 15:23-30. Compare Isa 9:13; Rev 16:10-11. Contrast David's "godly sorrow," 2Sa 12:13, and Peter's, Mat 26:75.

Clarke: 2Co 7:10 - For godly sorrow

For godly sorrow - That which has the breach of God’ s holy law for its object

Clarke: 2Co 7:10 - Worketh repentance

Worketh repentance - A thorough change of mind unto salvation, because the person who feels it cannot rest till he finds pardon through the mercy of God

Clarke: 2Co 7:10 - But the sorrow of the world worketh death

But the sorrow of the world worketh death - Sorrow for lost goods, lost friends, death of relatives, etc., when it is poignant and deep, produces diseases, increases those that already exist, and often leads men to lay desperate hands on themselves. This sorrow leads to destruction, the other leads to salvation; the one leads to heaven, the other to hell.

Calvin: 2Co 7:10 - Sorrow according to God // To salvation

10.Sorrow according to God ⁶⁴⁴ In the first place, in order to understand what is meant by this clause according to God, we must observe the contrast, for the sorrow that is according to God he contrasts with the sorrow of the world Let us now take, also, the contrast between two kinds of joy. The joy of the world is, when men foolishly, and without the fear of the Lord, exult in vanity, that is, in the world, and, intoxicated with a transient felicity, look no higher than the earth. The joy that is according to God is, when men place all their happiness in God, and take satisfaction in His grace, and show this by contempt of the world, using earthly prosperity as if they used it not, and joyful in the midst of adversity. Accordingly, the sorrow of the world is, when men despond in consequence of earthly afflictions, and are overwhelmed with grief; while sorrow according to God is that which has an eye to God, while they reckon it the one misery — to have lost the favor of God; when, impressed with fear of His judgment, they mourn over their sins. This sorrow Paul makes the cause and origin of repentance. This is carefully to be observed, for unless the sinner be dissatisfied with himself, detest his manner of life, and be thoroughly grieved from an apprehension of sin, he will never betake himself to the Lord. ⁶⁴⁵ On the other hand, it is impossible for a man to experience a sorrow of this kind, without its giving birth to a new heart. Hence repentance takes its rise in grief, for the reason that I have mentioned — because no one can return to the right way, but the man who hates sin; but where hatred of sin is, there is self-dissatisfaction and grief.

There is, however, a beautiful allusion here to the term repentance, when he says — not to be repented of; for however unpleasant the thing is at first taste, it renders itself desirable by its usefulness. The epithet, it is true, might apply to the term salvation, equally as to that of repentance; but it appears to me to suit better with the term repentance “We are taught by the result itself, that grief ought not to be painful to us, or distressing. In like manner, although repentance contains in it some degree of bitterness, if, is spoken of as not to be repented of on account of the precious and pleasant fruit which it produces.”

To salvation Paul seems to make repentance the ground of salvation. Were it so, it would follow, that we are justified by works. I answer, that we must observe what Paul here treats of, for he is not inquiring as to the ground of salvation, but simply commending repentance from the fruit which it produces, he says that it is like a way by which we arrive at salvation. Nor is it without good reason; for Christ calls us by way of free favor, but it is to repentance. (Mat 9:13.) God by way of free favor pardons our sins, but only when we renounce them. Nay more, God accomplishes in us at one and the same time two things: being renewed by repentance, we are delivered from the bondage of our sins; and, being justified by faith, we are delivered also from the curse of our sins. They are, therefore, inseparable fruits of grace, and, in consequence of their invariable connection, repentance may with fitness and propriety be represented as an introduction to salvation, but in this way of speaking of it, it is represented as an effect rather than as a cause. These are not refinements for the purpose of evasion, but a true and simple solution, for, while Scripture teaches us that we never obtain forgiveness of sins without repentance, it represents at the same time, in a variety of passages, the mercy of God alone as the ground of our obtaining it.

Defender: 2Co 7:10 - godly sorrow

Instead of provoking resentment against Paul by the Corinthians, whom he had rather severely censured in that letter, Paul's first letter had actually produced sorrow for their sins - "godly sorrow," that is, sorrow from God - leading to true repentance and correction of the sin which had been particularly rebuked (1Co 5:1-6; 2Co 2:1-10; 2Co 7:6). This response proved the genuineness of their salvation.

Defender: 2Co 7:10 - sorrow of the world

The "sorrow of the world," on the other hand, is not sorrow for the sin itself but sorrow over its consequences (Luk 13:27, Luk 13:28). This type of sorrow issues only in eternal death, not salvation."

TSK: 2Co 7:10 - repentance // the sorrow

repentance : 2Co 12:21; 2Sa 12:13; 1Ki 8:47-50; Job 33:27, Job 33:28; Jer 31:9; Eze 7:16; Eze 18:27-30; Jon 3:8, Jon 3:10; Mat 21:28-32, Mat 26:75; Luk 15:10, Luk 18:13; Act 3:19, Act 11:18; 2Ti 2:25, 2Ti 2:26

the sorrow : The sorrow of carnal men about worldly objects, loss of fortune, fame, or friends; which, being separated from the fear and love of God, and faith in his providence and mercy, frequently drinks up their spirits, breaks their proud, rebellious hearts, or drives them to lay desperate hands on themselves. Gen 4:13-15, Gen 30:1; 1Sa 30:6; 2Sa 13:4, 2Sa 17:23; 1Ki 21:4; Pro 15:13, Pro 15:15; Pro 17:22, Pro 18:14; Jon 4:9; Mat 27:4, Mat 27:5; Heb 12:17

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 2Co 7:10 - Godly sorrow // Worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of // But the sorrow of the world worketh death

Godly sorrow that sorrow which is according to God, either commanded by him, (as sorrow for our own or others’ sins, or for the judgments of God, as they are the indications of God’ s wrath and displeasure for sin), or which he, as the God of grace, worketh in the soul, touching the heart by the finger of his Spirit, Zec 12:10 . Or that sorrow whose end is the glory of God, in the reformation of the person sorrowing, by a hatred and detestation of sin, and a hearty turning from it.

Worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of it is not repentance, but it produceth that change of heart and life which is repentance; and shall not be imperfect, but perfect, which shall issue in the salvation of the soul, and will never be repented of. Never did any when he came to die repent of true repentance; nor is it possible that reasonable souls should repent of what issueth in their eternal salvation.

But the sorrow of the world worketh death but all sorrow except this is but the sorrow of the world, the effect of which is ofttimes natural death; while men bow down under their burdens, and through impatience destroy themselves, or at least so fix their thoughts upon sad objects, and so afflict themselves with them, that they bring themselves into diseases tending to death. It also worketh spiritual death; as it indisposeth men for their duty, (as it was in the case of Elijah), and is a temptation to them to be angry against God, (as in the case of Jonah), to fret, murmur, and repine against God’ s providence: and by this means it also worketh towards eternal death, which is the wages belonging to sin.

Haydock: 2Co 7:10 - For the sorrow

For the sorrow, &c. Sorrow for the loss of temporal goods, such as friends, riches, honours, &c. is productive of no good effects; but on the contrary, it ruins the constitution, exciting in the soul emotions of anger, murmuring, revenge, and brooding melancholy. It moreover betrays an inordinate attachment to creatures. But sorrow for our own sins, and for those of others, sufferings which we endure for the glory of God, work penance unto salvation, of which we shall never repent. For tears shed in prayer unto God are sweeter, says St. Augustine, (Psalm cxxvii.) than any pleasure that can be procured from the stage, &c. The tears of the saints are like sweet wine, which inebriate those who love God. (St. Augustine, Psalm lxxxiii.) ---Contrition, or a hearty sorrow for sin, and not faith alone, as some pretend, is essential to salvation.

Gill: 2Co 7:10 - For godly sorrow worketh repentance unto salvation // not to be repented of // but the sorrow of the world worketh death

For godly sorrow worketh repentance unto salvation,.... These words contain a reason, proving that they had received no damage, but profit by the sorrow that had possessed them, from the nature of it, a "godly" sorrow; a sorrow which had God for its author; it did not arise from the power of free will, nor from the dictates of a natural conscience, nor from a work of the law on their hearts, or from a fear of hell and damnation, but it sprung from the free grace of God; it was a gift of his grace, the work of his Spirit, and the produce of his almighty power; being such, which no means, as judgments, mercies, or the most powerful ministry of themselves could effect; it was owing to divine instructions; it was heightened and increased with a discovery of the love of God, and views of pardoning grace and mercy being attended with faith in the Lord Jesus Christ: it had God also for its object, as well as its author; it was a sorrow, דמטל אלהא, "which is for God", as the Syriac version reads the words, and also the Ethiopic; on the account of God, his honour, interest, and glory; it was a sorrow for sin, because it was committed against a God of infinite holiness, justice, and truth, goodness, grace, and mercy; and it was a sorrow, κατα θεον, "according to God", according to the mind and will of God; it was, as it is rendered by the Arabic version, "grateful to God"; what he took notice of, observed, and approved of; and was also such a sorrow as bore some resemblance to what in God goes by the name of grieving and repenting, as that he had made man, because of sin; there being in it a displicency with sin, an hatred of it, and a repentance that ever it was committed: moreover, this sorrow is further described, from its salutary operation, it "worketh repentance"; it is the beginning of it, a part of it, an essential part of it, without which there is no true repentance; this produces it, issues in it, even in an ingenuous confession of sin, a forsaking of it, and in bringing forth fruits meet for repentance, in the life and conversation: and this repentance is unto salvation; not the cause or author of it, for that is Christ alone; nor the condition of it, but is itself a blessing of salvation, a part of it, the initial part of it, by which, and faith we enter upon the possession of salvation; it is an evidence of interest in it, and issues in the full enjoyment of it: and this, or repentance, is such as is

not to be repented of; or that is stable and immovable, as the Vulgate Latin version renders it; which "never returns", or goes back, as the Syriac version, but remains the same not repented of; for to either of them may it be applied: salvation is not to be repented of; it is not repented of by God, who repents not, neither of the thing itself, nor of the way and manner in which it is effected, nor of the persons saved by it, and his choice of them to it; nor is it repented of by them, who believe in Christ to the saving of their souls: nor is true repentance, which is connected with it, to be repented of; God does not repent of giving it, for "his gifts and calling are without repentance"; nor does the repenting sinner repent of it; nor has he any occasion, since it is unto life, even "unto eternal life", as the Ethiopic version here renders it; and as it is called "repentance unto life", in Act 11:18. This sorrow is likewise illustrated by its contrary,

but the sorrow of the world worketh death; a worldly sorrow is such, as is common to men of the world, as Cain, Pharaoh, Judas, and others; it springs from worldly selfish principles, and proceeds on worldly views; it is often nothing more than a concern for the loss of worldly things, as riches, honours, &c. or for a disappointment in the gratification of worldly lusts and pleasures: and this worketh death; temporal and eternal death; it sometimes brings diseases and disorders on the body, which issue in death; and sometimes puts men upon destroying themselves, as it did Ahithophel and Judas; it works in the minds of men a fearful apprehension of eternal death, and, if grace prevent not, issues in it.