Teks -- John 2:10 (NET)

2:10 and said to him, “Everyone serves the good wine first, and then the cheaper wine when the guests are drunk. You have kept the good wine until now!”

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Vincent: Joh 2:10 - Have well drunk

Have well drunk ( μεθυσθῶσι )

Wyc., be filled . Tynd., be drunk . The A.V. and Tynd. are better than the Rev. when men have drunk freely . The ruler of the feast means that when the palates of the guests have become less sensitive through indulgence, an inferior quality of wine is offered. In every instance of its use in the New Testament the word means intoxication. The attempt of the advocates of the unfermented-wine theory to deny or weaken this sense by citing the well-watered garden (Isa 58:11; Jer 31:12) scarcely requires comment. One might answer by quoting Plato, who uses βαπτίζεσθαι , to be baptized , for being drunk (" Symposium," 176). In the Septuagint the verb repeatedly occurs for watering (Psa 65:9, Psa 65:10), but always with the sense of drenching or soaking; of being drunken or surfeited with water. In Jer 48:26 (Sept. 31:26), it is found in the literal sense, to be drunken . The metaphorical use of the word has passed into common slang, as when a drunken man is said to be wetted or soaked (so Plato, above). The figurative use of the word in the Septuagint has a parallel in the use of ποτίζω , to give to drink , to express the watering of ground. So Gen 2:6, a mist watered the face of the earth, or gave it drink. Compare Gen 13:10; Deu 11:10. A curious use of the word occurs in Homer, where he is describing the stretching of a bull's hide, which, in order to make it more elastic, is soaked (μεθύουσαν ) with fat (" Iliad," xvii. 390).

Vincent: Joh 2:10 - Worse

Worse ( ἐλάσσω )

Literally, smaller . Implying both worse and weaker. Small appears in the same sense in English, as small-beer .

Vincent: Joh 2:10 - Hast kept

Hast kept ( τετήρηκας )

See on 1Pe 1:4.

Wesley: Joh 2:10 - And saith

St. John barely relates the words he spoke, which does not imply his approving them.

Wesley: Joh 2:10 - When they have well drunk

does not mean any more than toward the close of the entertainment.

JFB: Joh 2:9-10 - well drunk

"drunk abundantly" (as Son 5:1), speaking of the general practice.

JFB: Joh 2:10 - the good wine . . . until now

Thus testifying, while ignorant of the source of supply, not only that it was real wine, but better than any at the feast.

Clarke: Joh 2:10 - The good wine until now

The good wine until now - That which our Lord now made being perfectly pure, and highly nutritive!

Defender: Joh 2:10 - have well drunk

"Have well drunk" is one word in the Greek (methuo) meaning simply "are drunk" and is translated with this meaning in every other instance where it is used (Mat 24:49).

Defender: Joh 2:10 - the good wine

This "good wine" had been miraculously created by the Creator and was brand new, with no time to ferment and become old, intoxicating wine. The Greek word oinos was used for the juice of grapes in general, the same word for both unfermented and fermented wine, with the context determining which. The decay process, utilizing leaven (always in Scripture representing corruption) to convert good fresh wine into old, intoxicating wine, could not have acted in this case because Christ Himself had created the wine in its originally intended form before sin and decay entered the world. In this form, it was certainly the best wine, having all the health-giving, joy-inspiring character it was created to exhibit in the beginning. It was probably the same wine which Christ will provide in "that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom" (Mat 26:29), and it will certainly not induce drunkenness."

TSK: Joh 2:10 - and when // but

and when : Gen 43:34; Son 5:1

but : Psa 104:15; Pro 9:1-6, Pro 9:16-18; Luk 16:25; Rev 7:16, Rev 7:17

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Joh 2:10

The governor calls the bridegroom, (at whose cost the provision for the feast was to be provided), and minds him, that he seemed to have done contrary to the common practice of such as made feasts; for they used to bring forth their best wine first, when men’ s palates were quickest, and least adulterated; and worse after that they had drank well; so the word meyusywsi signifies, as appears by the Septuagint’ s translation of the Hebrew word so signifying, Gen 43:34 Hag 1:6 ; not only men’ s distempering themselves with wine, which it also sometimes signifieth; and this speaketh our translation of it, 1Co 11:21 , are drunken, something hard, the word not necessarily nor always so signifying; and they must be very uncharitable to the primitive church of Corinth, who can think that it would permit persons actually drunken to come to the Lord’ s table. But the custom, it seems, was, if they had any wine worse than another, to bring it out to their guests after that the edge of their palates was a little blunted with the taste of better. Now this bridegroom, as the governor of the feast (who knew nothing of the miracle) thought, had kept his briskest and most generous wine to the last; thereby giving a great approbation of the miracle, not only owning it to be true wine, but much better than they had before at the feast.

Haydock: Joh 2:10 - When men have well drank

When men have well drank, [2] or plentifully; this is the literal sense: nor need we translate, when they are drunk, being spoken of such company, where our Saviour, Christ, his blessed Mother, and his disciples, were present. See Genesis xliii. 34; 1 Machabees xvi. ver. 16, where the same word may be taken in the same sense. (Witham)

===============================

[BIBLIOGRAPHY]

When they have drank well: cum inebriati fuerint, Greek: otan methusthosi. See Legh. Crit. Sac. on the word Greek: methuo.

====================

Gill: Joh 2:10 - And saith unto him // every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine // and when men have well drank // then that which is worse // But thou hast kept the good wine until now

And saith unto him,.... The following words; expressing the common custom used at feasts:

every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; that is, it is usual with men, when they make entertainments, first to give the guests the best, the most generous, and strongest bodied wine; as being most suitable for them, and they being then better able to bear it, and it being most for the credit of the maker of the feast:

and when men have well drank; not to excess, but freely, so as that they are exhilarated; and their spirits cheerful, but their brains not intoxicated: so the word, as answering to the Hebrew word is שכר, used by the Septuagint in Gen 43:34,

then that which is worse; not bad wine, but τον ελασσω, "that which is lesser"; a weaker bodied wine, that is lowered, and of less strength, and not so intoxicating, and which is fittest for the guests. So Martial ^z advises Sextilianus, after he had drank the tenth cup, not to drink the best wine, but to ask his host for wine of Laletania, which was a weaker and lower sort of wine.

But thou hast kept the good wine until now; which shows he knew nothing of the miracle wrought. And as the bridegroom here did, in the apprehension of the ruler of the feast, at this his marriage, so does the Lord, the husband of the church, in the marriage feast of the Gospel; and so he will do at the marriage supper of the lamb. The Gospel, which may be compared to wine for its purity, pleasant taste, and generous effects in reviving drooping spirits, refreshing weary persons, and comforting distressed minds, as also for its antiquity, was published before the coming of Christ, in the times of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, and the prophets, but in a lower and weaker way; at sundry times, here a little, and there a little, by piecemeals, as it were; and in divers manners, by promises, prophecies, types, shadows, and sacrifices; and was attended with much darkness and bondage: but under the Gospel dispensation, which is compared to a marriage feast, it is more fully dispensed, more clearly published, and more freely ministered. The whole of it is delivered, and with open face beheld; and saints are made free by it; it is set in the strongest and clearest light; the best wine is reserved till now; God has provided some better thing for us, Heb 11:40. And so with respect to the future state of the saints, their best things are kept for them till last. They have many good things now; as the Gospel, Gospel ordinances, the blessings, and promises of grace, the love of God shed abroad in their hearts, presence of God, and communion with Christ, at least at times; all which are better than wine: but then there is an alloy to these; they are lowered by other things, as the corruptions of the heart, the temptations of Satan, the hidings of God's face, and a variety of afflictions; but they shall have their good and best things hereafter, and drink new wine in Christ's Father's kingdom, without any thing to lower and weaken it: they will have full joys, and never fading pleasures, and shall be without sin and sorrow; no more deserted, nor afflicted, and shall be out of the reach of Satan's temptations, and with Christ for evermore. Happy are they that are called to the marriage supper of the Lamb.