Teks -- Romans 1:3 (NET)

1:3 concerning his Son who was a descendant of David with reference to the flesh,

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Robertson: Rom 1:3 - Concerning his Son

Concerning his Son ( peri tou huiou autou ).

Just as Jesus found himself in the O.T. (Luk 24:27, Luk 24:46). The deity of Christ here stated.

Robertson: Rom 1:3 - According to the flesh

According to the flesh ( kata sarka ).

His real humanity alongside of his real deity. For the descent from David see Mat 1:1, Mat 1:6, Mat 1:20; Luk 1:27; Joh 7:42; Act 13:23, etc.

Vincent: Rom 1:3 - Concerning His son

Concerning His son

Connect with promised afore . Christ is the great personal object to which the promise referred.

Wesley: Rom 1:3 - Who was of the seed of David according to the flesh

That is, with regard to his human nature. Both the natures of our Saviour are here mentioned; but the human is mentioned first, because the divine was not manifested in its full evidence till after his resurrection.

JFB: Rom 1:3-4 - Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord

The grand burden of this "Gospel of God."

JFB: Rom 1:3-4 - made of the seed of David

As, according to "the holy scriptures," He behooved to be. (See on Mat 1:1).

JFB: Rom 1:3-4 - according to the flesh

That is, in His human nature (compare Rom 9:5; Joh 1:14); implying, of course, that He had another nature, of which the apostle immediately proceeds to speak.

Clarke: Rom 1:3 - Concerning his Son

Concerning his Son - That is, the Gospel relates every thing concerning the conception, birth, preaching, miracles, passion, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ, who was of the seed-royal, being, as far as his humanity was considered, the son of David, and then the only rightful heir to the Israelitish throne.

Calvin: Rom 1:3 - NO PHRASE

3.=== Concerning his own Son, === etc. — This is a remarkable passage, by which we are taught that the whole gospel is included in Christ, so that if any removes one step from Christ, he withdraws himself from the gospel. For since he is the living and express image of the Father, it is no wonder, that he alone is set before us as one to whom our whole faith is to be directed and in whom it is to center. It is then a definition of the gospel, by which Paul expresses what is summarily comprehended in it. I have rendered the words which follow, Jesus Christ our Lord, in the same case; which seems to me to be most agreeable with the context. We hence learn, that he who has made a due proficiency in the knowledge of Christ, has acquired every thing which can be learned from the gospel; and, on the other hand, that they who seek to be wise without Christ, are not only foolish, but even completely insane.

===Who was made, === etc. — Two things must be found in Christ, in order that we may obtain salvation in him, even divinity and humanity. His divinity possesses power, righteousness, life, which by his humanity are conveyed to us. Hence the Apostle has expressly mentioned both in the Summary he gives of the gospel, that Christ was manifested in the flesh — and that in it he declared himself to be the Son of God. So John says; after having declared that the Word was made flesh, he adds, that in that flesh there was a glory as of the only-begotten Son of God. (Joh 1:14.) That he specially notices the descent and lineage of Christ from his ancestor David, is not superfluous; for by this he calls back our attention to the promise, that we may not doubt but that he is the very person who had been formerly promised. So well known was the promise made to David, that it appears to have been a common thing among the Jews to call the Messiah the Son of David. This then — that Christ did spring from David — was said for the purpose of confirming our faith.

He adds, according to the flesh; and he adds this, that we may understand that he had something more excellent than flesh, which he brought from heaven, and did not take from David, even that which he afterwards mentions, the glory of the divine nature. Paul does further by these words not only declare that Christ had real flesh, but he also clearly distinguishes his human from his divine nature; and thus he refutes the impious raving of Servetus, who assigned flesh to Christ, composed of three untreated elements.

Defender: Rom 1:3 - according to the flesh

The central truth of Christianity is the incarnation of God in human flesh, in the person of His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ. He was a true man, "made of the seed of David," as foretold by the prophets; His birth was completely natural from the point of conception, but His conception was altogether miraculous. He had no human father (although Joseph was his legal, adoptive father, conveying the legal right to David's throne) and His mother remained a virgin until after He was born. Since Mary herself was a descendant of David, and since He grew in her womb for nine months, He was indeed "made" of one who was of the seed of David. Nevertheless, He could have had no genetic connection to either Mary or Joseph. Otherwise, there could have been no natural way in which "that holy thing" (Luk 1:35) could have been kept from inherited sin or inherited mutational defects. Thus, His conception necessarily involved the special creation of the cell placed by the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb. "A body hast thou prepared me" (Heb 10:5). Just as the body of the first Adam was specially created by God, without genetic connection to human parents, so was that of "the last Adam" (1Co 15:45). Yet, He was no less fully human than the first Adam, the father of all other humans. Furthermore, His growing body was "made" through natural nourishment in Mary's womb as He grew, and Mary was "of the seed of David." Thus He was, indeed, "made of the seed of David according to the flesh," although the specifications for the "making" of His body were contained in the DNA code programmed by God in the created cell."

TSK: Rom 1:3 - his Son // which // according

his Son : Rom 1:9, Rom 8:2, Rom 8:3, Rom 8:29-32; Psa 2:7; Mat 3:17, Mat 26:63, Mat 27:43; Luk 1:35; Joh 1:34, Joh 1:49; Joh 3:16-18, Joh 3:35, Joh 3:36, Joh 5:25, Joh 10:30,Joh 10:36, Joh 20:28, Joh 20:31; Act 3:13, Act 8:37, Act 9:20; 1Co 1:9; Gal 4:4; Col 1:13-15; 1Th 1:10; 1Jo 1:3, 1Jo 3:8, 1Jo 3:23, 1Jo 4:9, 1Jo 4:10,1Jo 4:15; 1Jo 5:1, 1Jo 5:5, 1Jo 5:10-13, 1Jo 5:20; Rev 2:18

which : 2Sa 7:12-16; Psa 89:36, Psa 89:37; Isa 9:6, Isa 9:7; Jer 23:5, Jer 23:6, Jer 33:15-17, Jer 33:26; Amo 9:11; Mat 1:1, Mat 1:6, Mat 1:16, Mat 1:20-23, Mat 9:27, Mat 12:23, Mat 15:22, Mat 22:42-45; Luk 1:31-33, Luk 1:69, Luk 2:4-6; Joh 7:42; Act 2:30, Act 13:22, Act 13:23; 2Ti 2:8

according : Rom 8:3, Rom 9:5; Gen 3:15; Joh 1:14; Gal 4:4; 1Ti 3:16; 1Jo 4:2, 1Jo 4:3; 2Jo 1:7

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Poole: Rom 1:3 - Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord // Which was made // Of the seed of David

Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord: this phrase either respects the Holy Scriptures, mentioned immediately before in Rom 1:2 ; the sum and substance of them is, concerning the Messiah, the Son of God: or else it respects the gospel, that was spoken of in the Rom 1:1,2 being only a parenthesis, as was before hinted; then the meaning is, that the apostle Paul was separated to the gospel of God, which only or mainly concerns his Son Jesus Christ. And this seems to show the excellency of the gospel, that it doth not treat of vulgar and ordinary matters. as of the gods of the Gentiles, or the actions of Alexander, Caesar, the Scipios, or such like heroes; but of the Son of God himself.

Which was made i.e. as he afterwards expresseth it, according to the flesh, or his human nature: in regard of his Divine subsistence, he was begotten and not made; in regard of his manhood, he was made and not begotten. When he says the Son of God was made, & c., it is undeniably implied, that he did exist before his incarnation, and was the Son of God before he was the Son of man. This place proves clearly these two truths:

1. That in the person of Jesus Christ there are two natures.

2. That there is between these a communication of properties; here the Son of God is said to be made of the seed of David; and elsewhere the Son of man is said to have come down from heaven: see Joh 3:13 : cf. Joh 6:62 Act 20:28 1Co 2:8 .

Of the seed of David i.e. of the virgin Mary, who was of David’ s lineage and posterity; the promise was expressly, that the Messiah should be of the fruit of his loins, Act 2:30 , compared saith Isa 11:1 Jer 23:5 Eze 34:24 . Yea, this promise was so fully known to the Jews, that when they spake of the Messiah, they called him the Son of David: see Mat 21:9 22:42 Mar 10:47,48 Joh 7:42 . Hence it is that the evangelists, Matthew and Luke, are so careful and industrious to prove, that the virgin Mary, and Joseph to whom she was espoused, did come of David’ s line and race.

Haydock: Rom 1:3 - Who was made to him of the seed of David, according to the flesh

Who was made to him of the seed of David, according to the flesh. The sense is, that God promised, that he who was his true and only Son from eternity, should also become his son, as man; that the same son should be man, as well as God, when the word was made flesh, or when that divine person should be united to our human nature. Thus the same person, who was his only begotten Son from eternity, being made man, and of the seed of David, by his incarnation, was still his Son, both as God, and also as man. (Witham) ---

The Greek text has not the particle ei, (to him) but only Greek: tou genomenou ek spermatos David. But St. Irenæus, (lib. iii. chap. 18.) St. Ambrose, St. Jerome read, Qui factus est ei. And also St. Augustine in his unfinished exposition of the epistle to the Romans; though before in his book against Faustus, (lib. xi. chap. 14.) he reads it otherwise. (Calmet)

Gill: Rom 1:3 - Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord // which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh

Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord,.... These words are in connection with "the Gospel of God", Rom 1:1, and express the subject matter of it, the Son of God, Jesus Christ our Lord; for Christ, as the Son of God, the Saviour of sinners, the only Mediator between God and men, who is Lord both of the dead and living, is the sum and substance of the Gospel: he is here described by his relation to God, his Son, of the same nature with him, equal to him, and distinct from him; by his usual names, "Jesus Christ", the one signifying a "Saviour", the other "anointed", and both, that he was anointed of God to be the Saviour of his people; and by his dominion over the saints our Lord, not merely by creation, but by redemption and grace, and happy is the person that can claim interest in him, as is here done; and by the distinction of natures in him:

which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; this respects Christ in his human nature, who was made flesh, and of a woman; and shows his existence before his incarnation, and the immediate power and hand of God in it; and which was done, not by transmutation of him into flesh, but by an assumption of human nature into union with his divine person: he is said to be made "of the seed of David"; this points out the family from whence he sprung; designs the posterity of David, particularly Mary; has regard to the promise made to David, which God fulfilled; and shows the royal descent of Christ: it is added, "according to the flesh"; that is, according to his human nature; which phrase does not denote the corruption, but the truth of that nature; and supposes that he had another nature, otherwise there would have been no need of this limiting and restrictive clause.