Lukas 5:27-39
Konteks5:27 After 1 this, Jesus 2 went out and saw a tax collector 3 named Levi 4 sitting at the tax booth. 5 “Follow me,” 6 he said to him. 5:28 And he got up and followed him, leaving everything 7 behind. 8
5:29 Then 9 Levi gave a great banquet 10 in his house for Jesus, 11 and there was a large crowd of tax collectors and others sitting 12 at the table with them. 5:30 But 13 the Pharisees 14 and their experts in the law 15 complained 16 to his disciples, saying, “Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners?” 17 5:31 Jesus 18 answered them, “Those who are well don’t need a physician, but those who are sick do. 19 5:32 I have not come 20 to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.” 21
5:33 Then 22 they said to him, “John’s 23 disciples frequently fast 24 and pray, 25 and so do the disciples of the Pharisees, 26 but yours continue to eat and drink.” 27 5:34 So 28 Jesus said to them, “You cannot make the wedding guests 29 fast while the bridegroom 30 is with them, can you? 31 5:35 But those days are coming, and when the bridegroom is taken from them, 32 at that time 33 they will fast.” 5:36 He also told them a parable: 34 “No one tears a patch from a new garment and sews 35 it on an old garment. If he does, he will have torn 36 the new, and the piece from the new will not match the old. 37 5:37 And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. 38 If he does, the new wine will burst the skins and will be spilled, and the skins will be destroyed. 5:38 Instead new wine must be poured into new wineskins. 39 5:39 40 No 41 one after drinking old wine wants the new, for he says, ‘The old is good enough.’” 42
[5:27] 1 tn Grk “And after.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[5:27] 2 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[5:27] 3 sn See the note on tax collectors in 3:12.
[5:27] 4 sn It is possible that Levi is a second name for Matthew, because people often used alternative names in 1st century Jewish culture.
[5:27] 5 tn While “tax office” is sometimes given as a translation for τελώνιον (telwnion; so L&N 57.183), this could give the modern reader a false impression of an indoor office with all its associated furnishings.
[5:27] sn The tax booth was a booth located on the edge of a city or town to collect taxes for trade. There was a tax booth in Capernaum, which was on the trade route from Damascus to Galilee and the Mediterranean. The “taxes” were collected on produce and goods brought into the area for sale, and were a sort of “sales tax” paid by the seller but obviously passed on to the purchaser in the form of increased prices (L&N 57.183). It was here that Jesus met Levi (also named Matthew [see Matt 9:9]) who was ultimately employed by the Romans, though perhaps more directly responsible to Herod Antipas. It was his job to collect taxes for Rome and he was thus despised by Jews who undoubtedly regarded him as a traitor.
[5:27] 6 sn Follow me. For similar calls on the part of Jesus see Luke 5:10-11; 9:23, 59; 18:22.
[5:28] 7 sn On the phrase leaving everything see Luke 5:10-11; 14:33.
[5:28] 8 tn The participial phrase “leaving everything behind” occurs at the beginning of the sentence, but has been transposed to the end in the translation for logical reasons, since it serves to summarize Levi’s actions.
[5:29] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[5:29] 10 sn A great banquet refers to an elaborate meal. Many of the events in Luke take place in the context of meal fellowship: 7:36-50; 9:12-17; 10:38-42; 11:37-54; 14:1-24; 22:7-38; 24:29-32, 41-43.
[5:29] 11 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:29] 12 tn Grk “reclining.” This term reflects the normal practice in 1st century Jewish culture of eating a meal in a semi-reclining position. Since it is foreign to most modern readers, the translation “sitting” has been substituted.
[5:30] 13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the implied contrast present in this context.
[5:30] 14 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
[5:30] 15 tn Or “and their scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.
[5:30] 16 tn Or “grumbled”; a term often used in the OT for inappropriate grumbling: Exod 15:24; 16:7-8; Num 14:2, 26-35; 16:11.
[5:30] 17 sn The issue here is inappropriate associations (eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners) and the accusation comes not against Jesus, but his disciples.
[5:31] 18 tn Grk “And Jesus.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[5:31] 19 sn Jesus’ point is that he associates with those who are sick because they have the need and will respond to the offer of help. A person who is well (or who thinks mistakenly that he is) will not seek treatment.
[5:32] 20 sn I have not come is another commission statement by Jesus; see 4:43-44.
[5:32] 21 sn Though parallels exist to this saying (Matt 9:13; Mark 2:17), only Luke has this last phrase but sinners to repentance. Repentance is a frequent topic in Luke’s Gospel: 3:3, 8; 13:1-5; 15:7, 10; 16:30; 17:3-4; 24:47.
[5:33] 22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[5:33] 23 tc Most
[5:33] sn John refers to John the Baptist.
[5:33] 24 sn John’s disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees followed typical practices with regard to fasting and prayer. Many Jews fasted regularly (Lev 16:29-34; 23:26-32; Num 29:7-11). The zealous fasted twice a week on Monday and Thursday.
[5:33] 25 tn Grk “and offer prayers,” but this idiom (δέησις + ποιέω) is often simply a circumlocution for praying.
[5:33] 26 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
[5:33] 27 tn Grk “but yours are eating and drinking.” The translation “continue to eat and drink” attempts to reflect the progressive or durative nature of the action described, which in context is a practice not limited to the specific occasion at hand (the banquet).
[5:34] 28 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate that Jesus’ pronouncement is a result of their statements about his disciples.
[5:34] 29 tn Grk “the sons of the wedding hall,” an idiom referring to guests at the wedding, or more specifically, friends of the bridegroom present at the wedding celebration (L&N 11.7).
[5:34] 30 sn The expression while the bridegroom is with them is an allusion to messianic times (John 3:29; Isa 54:5-6; 62:4-5; 4 Ezra 2:15, 38).
[5:34] 31 tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end in English (here it is “can you?”).
[5:35] 32 sn The statement when the bridegroom is taken from them is a veiled allusion by Jesus to his death, which he did not make explicit until the incident at Caesarea Philippi in 9:18ff.
[5:35] 33 tn Grk “then in those days.”
[5:36] 34 sn The term parable in a Semitic context can cover anything from a long story to a brief wisdom saying. Here it is the latter.
[5:36] 35 tn Grk “puts”; but since the means of attachment would normally be sewing, the translation “sews” has been used.
[5:36] 36 tn Grk “he tears.” The point is that the new garment will be ruined to repair an older, less valuable one.
[5:36] 37 sn The piece from the new will not match the old. The imagery in this saying looks at the fact that what Jesus brings is so new that it cannot simply be combined with the old. To do so would be to destroy what is new and to put together something that does not fit.
[5:37] 38 sn Wineskins were bags made of skin or leather, used for storing wine in NT times. As the new wine fermented and expanded, it would stretch the new wineskins. Putting new (unfermented) wine in old wineskins, which had already been stretched, would result in the bursting of the wineskins.
[5:38] 39 tc Most
[5:38] sn The meaning of the saying new wine…into new skins is that the presence and teaching of Jesus was something new and signaled the passing of the old. It could not be confined within the old religion of Judaism, but involved the inauguration and consummation of the kingdom of God.
[5:39] 40 tc The Western textual tradition (D it) lacks 5:39. The verse is unique to Luke, so the omission by these
[5:39] 41 tc ‡ Although most
[5:39] 42 tc Most
[5:39] tn Grk “good.”
[5:39] sn The third illustration points out that those already satisfied with what they have will not seek the new (The old is good enough).
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