Ibrani 1:3

1:3 The Son is ¹  the radiance of his glory and the representation of his essence, and he sustains all things by his powerful word, ²  and so when he had accomplished cleansing for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high. ³ 

Ibrani 1:13

1:13 But to which of the angels ⁴  has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”? ⁵ 

Ibrani 1:5

The Son Is Superior to Angels

1:5 For to which of the angels did God ⁶  ever say, “You are my son! Today I have fathered you”? ⁷  And in another place ⁸  he says, ⁹  “I will be his father and he will be my son.” ¹⁰ 

Ibrani 6:1-20

6:1 Therefore we must progress beyond ¹¹  the elementary ¹²  instructions about Christ ¹³  and move on ¹⁴  to maturity, not laying this foundation again: repentance from dead works and faith in God, 6:2 teaching about baptisms, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. 6:3 And this is what we intend to do, ¹⁵  if God permits. 6:4 For it is impossible in the case of those who have once been enlightened, tasted the heavenly gift, become partakers of the Holy Spirit, 6:5 tasted the good word of God and the miracles of the coming age, 6:6 and then have committed apostasy, ¹⁶  to renew them again to repentance, since ¹⁷  they are crucifying the Son of God for themselves all over again ¹⁸  and holding him up to contempt. 6:7 For the ground that has soaked up the rain that frequently falls on ¹⁹  it and yields useful vegetation for those who tend it receives a blessing from God. 6:8 But if it produces thorns and thistles, it is useless and about to be cursed; ²⁰  its fate is to be burned. 6:9 But in your case, dear friends, even though we speak like this, we are convinced of better things relating to salvation. 6:10 For God is not unjust so as to forget your work and the love you have demonstrated for his name, in having served and continuing to serve the saints. 6:11 But we passionately want each of you to demonstrate the same eagerness for the fulfillment of your hope until the end, 6:12 so that you may not be sluggish, ²¹  but imitators of those who through faith and perseverance inherit the promises.

6:13 Now when God made his promise to Abraham, since he could swear by no one greater, he swore by himself, 6:14 saying, “Surely I will bless you greatly and multiply your descendants abundantly.” ²²  6:15 And so by persevering, Abraham ²³  inherited the promise. 6:16 For people ²⁴  swear by something greater than themselves, ²⁵  and the oath serves as a confirmation to end all dispute. ²⁶  6:17 In the same way ²⁷  God wanted to demonstrate more clearly to the heirs of the promise that his purpose was unchangeable, ²⁸  and so he intervened with an oath, 6:18 so that we who have found refuge in him ²⁹  may find strong encouragement to hold fast to the hope set before us through two unchangeable things, since it is impossible for God to lie. 6:19 We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, sure and steadfast, which reaches inside behind the curtain, ³⁰  6:20 where Jesus our forerunner entered on our behalf, since he became a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek. ³¹ 

Ibrani 8:1

The High Priest of a Better Covenant

8:1 Now the main point of what we are saying is this: ³²  We have such a high priest, one who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven, ³³ 

Ibrani 8:10

8:10 “For this is the covenant that I will establish with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord. I will put ³⁴  my laws in their minds ³⁵  and I will inscribe them on their hearts. And I will be their God and they will be my people. ³⁶ 

Ibrani 12:1--13:25

The Lord’s Discipline

12:1 Therefore, since we are surrounded by such a great cloud of witnesses, ³⁷  we must get rid of every weight and the sin that clings so closely, and run with endurance the race set out for us, 12:2 keeping our eyes fixed on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of our faith. For the joy set out for him he endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God. ³⁸  12:3 Think of him who endured such opposition against himself by sinners, so that you may not grow weary in your souls and give up. 12:4 You have not yet resisted to the point of bloodshed ³⁹  in your struggle against sin. 12:5 And have you forgotten the exhortation addressed to you as sons?

“My son, do not scorn ⁴⁰  the Lord’s discipline

or give up when he corrects ⁴¹  you.

12:6 “For the Lord disciplines the one he loves and chastises every son he accepts.” ⁴² 

12:7 Endure your suffering ⁴³  as discipline; ⁴⁴  God is treating you as sons. For what son is there that a father does not discipline? 12:8 But if you do not experience discipline, ⁴⁵  something all sons ⁴⁶  have shared in, then you are illegitimate and are not sons. 12:9 Besides, we have experienced discipline from ⁴⁷  our earthly fathers ⁴⁸  and we respected them; shall we not submit ourselves all the more to the Father of spirits and receive life? ⁴⁹  12:10 For they disciplined us for a little while as seemed good to them, but he does so for our benefit, that we may share his holiness. 12:11 Now all discipline seems painful at the time, not joyful. ⁵⁰  But later it produces the fruit of peace and righteousness ⁵¹  for those trained by it. 12:12 Therefore, strengthen ⁵²  your listless hands and your weak knees, ⁵³  12:13 and make straight paths for your feet, ⁵⁴  so that what is lame may not be put out of joint but be healed.

Do Not Reject God’s Warning

12:14 Pursue peace with everyone, and holiness, ⁵⁵  for without it no one will see the Lord. 12:15 See to it that no one comes short of the grace of God, that no one be like a bitter root springing up ⁵⁶  and causing trouble, and through him many become defiled. 12:16 And see to it that no one becomes ⁵⁷  an immoral or godless person like Esau, who sold his own birthright for a single meal. ⁵⁸  12:17 For you know that ⁵⁹  later when he wanted to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no opportunity for repentance, although he sought the blessing ⁶⁰  with tears. 12:18 For you have not come to something that can be touched, ⁶¹  to a burning fire and darkness and gloom and a whirlwind 12:19 and the blast of a trumpet and a voice uttering words ⁶²  such that those who heard begged to hear no more. ⁶³  12:20 For they could not bear what was commanded: “If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned.” ⁶⁴  12:21 In fact, the scene ⁶⁵  was so terrifying that Moses said, “I shudder with fear.” ⁶⁶  12:22 But you have come to Mount Zion, the city ⁶⁷  of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels, to the assembly 12:23 and congregation of the firstborn, who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous, who have been made perfect, 12:24 and to Jesus, the mediator ⁶⁸  of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks of something better than Abel’s does. ⁶⁹ 

12:25 Take care not to refuse the one who is speaking! For if they did not escape when they refused the one who warned them on earth, how much less shall we, if we reject the one who warns from heaven? 12:26 Then his voice shook the earth, but now he has promised, “I will once more shake not only the earth but heaven too.” ⁷⁰  12:27 Now this phrase “once more” indicates the removal of what is shaken, that is, of created things, so that what is unshaken may remain. 12:28 So since we are receiving an unshakable kingdom, let us give thanks, and through this let us offer worship pleasing to God in devotion and awe. 12:29 For our God is indeed a devouring fire. ⁷¹ 

Final Exhortations

13:1 Brotherly love must continue. 13:2 Do not neglect hospitality, because through it some have entertained angels without knowing it. ⁷²  13:3 Remember those in prison as though you were in prison with them, ⁷³  and those ill-treated as though you too felt their torment. ⁷⁴  13:4 Marriage must be honored among all and the marriage bed kept undefiled, for God will judge sexually immoral people and adulterers. 13:5 Your conduct must be free from the love of money and you must be content with what you have, for he has said, “I will never leave you and I will never abandon you.” ⁷⁵  13:6 So we can say with confidence, “The Lord is my helper, and ⁷⁶  I will not be afraid. What can man do to me?” ⁷⁷  13:7 Remember your leaders, who spoke God’s message to you; reflect on the outcome of their lives and imitate their faith. 13:8 Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever! 13:9 Do not be carried away by all sorts of strange teachings. ⁷⁸  For it is good for the heart to be strengthened by grace, not ritual meals, ⁷⁹  which have never benefited those who participated in them. 13:10 We have an altar that those who serve in the tabernacle have no right to eat from. 13:11 For the bodies of those animals whose blood the high priest brings ⁸⁰  into the sanctuary as an offering for sin are burned outside the camp. 13:12 Therefore, to sanctify the people by his own blood, Jesus also suffered outside the camp. 13:13 We must go out to him, then, outside the camp, bearing the abuse he experienced. ⁸¹  13:14 For here we have no lasting city, but we seek the city that is to come. 13:15 Through him then let us continually offer up a sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of our lips, acknowledging his name. 13:16 And do not neglect to do good and to share what you have, ⁸²  for God is pleased with such sacrifices.

13:17 Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls and will give an account for their work. ⁸³  Let them do this ⁸⁴  with joy and not with complaints, for this would be no advantage for you. 13:18 Pray for us, for we are sure that we have a clear conscience and desire to conduct ourselves rightly in every respect. 13:19 I especially ask you to pray ⁸⁵  that I may be restored to you very soon.

Benediction and Conclusion

13:20 Now may the God of peace who by the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus Christ, 13:21 equip you with every good thing to do his will, working in us ⁸⁶  what is pleasing before him through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever. ⁸⁷  Amen.

13:22 Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, ⁸⁸  bear with my message of exhortation, for in fact I have written to you briefly. 13:23 You should know that ⁸⁹  our brother Timothy has been released. If he comes soon, he will be with me when I see you. ⁹⁰  13:24 Greetings to all your leaders and all the saints. Those from Italy send you greetings. 13:25 Grace be with you all. ⁹¹ 

Ibrani 12:2

12:2 keeping our eyes fixed on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of our faith. For the joy set out for him he endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God. ⁹² 

[1:3]  ¹ tn Grk “who being…and sustaining.” Heb 1:1-4 form one skillfully composed sentence in Greek, but it must be broken into shorter segments to correspond to contemporary English usage, which does not allow for sentences of this length and complexity.

[1:3]  ² tn Grk “by the word of his power.”

[1:3]  ³ sn An allusion to Ps 110:1, quoted often in Hebrews.

[1:13]  ⁴ sn The parallel phrases to which of the angels in vv. 5 and 13 show the unity of this series of quotations (vv. 5-14) in revealing the superiority of the Son over angels (v. 4).

[1:13]  ⁵ sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.

[1:5]  ⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:5]  ⁷ tn Grk “I have begotten you.”

[1:5]  sn A quotation from Ps 2:7.

[1:5]  ⁸ tn Grk “And again,” quoting another OT passage.

[1:5]  ⁹ tn The words “he says” are not in the Greek text but are supplied to make a complete English sentence. In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but English does not normally employ such long and complex sentences.

[1:5]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “I will be a father to him and he will be a son to me.”

[1:5]  sn A quotation from 2 Sam 7:14 (cf. 1 Chr 17:13).

[6:1]  ¹¹ tn Grk “Therefore leaving behind.” The implication is not of abandoning this elementary information, but of building on it.

[6:1]  ¹² tn Or “basic.”

[6:1]  ¹³ tn Grk “the message of the beginning of Christ.”

[6:1]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “leaving behind…let us move on.”

[6:3]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “and we will do this.”

[6:6]  ¹⁶ tn Or “have fallen away.”

[6:6]  ¹⁷ tn Or “while”; Grk “crucifying…and holding.” The Greek participles here (“crucifying…and holding”) can be understood as either causal (“since”) or temporal (“while”).

[6:6]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “recrucifying the son of God for themselves.”

[6:7]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “comes upon.”

[6:8]  ²⁰ tn Grk “near to a curse.”

[6:12]  ²¹ tn Or “dull.”

[6:14]  ²² tn Grk “in blessing I will bless you and in multiplying I will multiply you,” the Greek form of a Hebrew idiom showing intensity.

[6:14]  sn A quotation from Gen 22:17.

[6:15]  ²³ tn Grk “he”; in the translation the referent (Abraham) has been specified for clarity.

[6:16]  ²⁴ tn The plural Greek term ἄνθρωποι (anqrwpoi) is used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women, and is thus translated “people.”

[6:16]  ²⁵ tn Grk “by something greater”; the rest of the comparison (“than themselves”) is implied.

[6:16]  ²⁶ tn Grk “the oath for confirmation is an end of all dispute.”

[6:17]  ²⁷ tn Grk “in which.”

[6:17]  ²⁸ tn Or “immutable” (here and in v. 18); Grk “the unchangeableness of his purpose.”

[6:18]  ²⁹ tn Grk “have taken refuge”; the basis of that refuge is implied in the preceding verse.

[6:19]  ³⁰ sn The curtain refers to the veil or drape in the temple that separated the holy place from the holy of holies.

[6:20]  ³¹ sn A quotation from Ps 110:4, picked up again from Heb 5:6, 10.

[8:1]  ³² tn Grk “the main point of the things being said.”

[8:1]  ³³ sn An allusion to Ps 110:1; see Heb 1:3, 13.

[8:10]  ³⁴ tn Grk “putting…I will inscribe.”

[8:10]  ³⁵ tn Grk “mind.”

[8:10]  ³⁶ tn Grk “I will be to them for a God and they will be to me for a people,” following the Hebrew constructions of Jer 31.

[12:1]  ³⁷ tn Grk “having such a great cloud of witnesses surrounding us.”

[12:2]  ³⁸ sn An allusion to Ps 110:1.

[12:4]  ³⁹ tn Grk “until blood.”

[12:5]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “disregard,” “think little of.”

[12:5]  ⁴¹ tn Or “reproves,” “rebukes.” The Greek verb ἐλέγχω (elencw) implies exposing someone’s sin in order to bring correction.

[12:6]  ⁴² sn A quotation from Prov 3:11-12.

[12:7]  ⁴³ tn Grk “endure,” with the object (“your suffering”) understood from the context.

[12:7]  ⁴⁴ tn Or “in order to become disciplined.”

[12:8]  ⁴⁵ tn Grk “you are without discipline.”

[12:8]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “all”; “sons” is implied by the context.

[12:9]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “we had our earthly fathers as discipliners.”

[12:9]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “the fathers of our flesh.” In Hebrews, “flesh” is a characteristic way of speaking about outward, physical, earthly life (cf. Heb 5:7; 9:10, 13), as opposed to the inward or spiritual dimensions of life.

[12:9]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “and live.”

[12:9]  sn Submit ourselves…to the Father of spirits and receive life. This idea is drawn from Proverbs, where the Lord’s discipline brings life, while resistance to it leads to death (cf. Prov 4:13; 6:23; 10:17; 16:17).

[12:11]  ⁵⁰ tn Grk “all discipline at the time does not seem to be of joy, but of sorrow.”

[12:11]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “the peaceful fruit of righteousness.”

[12:12]  ⁵² tn Or “straighten.”

[12:12]  ⁵³ sn A quotation from Isa 35:3. Strengthen your listless hands and your weak knees refers to the readers’ need for renewed resolve and fresh strength in their struggles (cf. Heb 10:36-39; 12:1-3).

[12:13]  ⁵⁴ sn A quotation from Prov 4:26. The phrase make straight paths for your feet is figurative for “stay on God’s paths.”

[12:14]  ⁵⁵ sn The references to peace and holiness show the close connection between this paragraph and the previous one. The pathway toward “holiness” and the need for it is cited in Heb 12:10 and 14. More importantly Prov 4:26-27 sets up the transition from one paragraph to the next: It urges people to stay on godly paths (Prov 4:26, quoted here in v. 13) and promises that God will lead them in peace if they do so (Prov 4:27 [LXX], quoted in v. 14).

[12:15]  ⁵⁶ tn Grk “that there not be any root of bitterness,” but referring figuratively to a person who causes trouble (as in Deut 29:17 [LXX] from which this is quoted).

[12:15]  sn An allusion to Deut 29:18.

[12:16]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “that there not be any,” continuing from v. 15.

[12:16]  ⁵⁸ sn An allusion to Gen 27:34-41.

[12:17]  ⁵⁹ tn Or a command: “for understand that.”

[12:17]  ⁶⁰ tn Grk “it,” referring either to the repentance or the blessing. But the account in Gen 27:34-41 (which the author appeals to here) makes it clear that the blessing is what Esau sought. Thus in the translation the referent (the blessing) is specified for clarity.

[12:18]  ⁶¹ tn This describes the nation of Israel approaching God on Mt. Sinai (Exod 19). There is a clear contrast with the reference to Mount Zion in v. 22, so this could be translated “a mountain that can be touched.” But the word “mountain” does not occur here and the more vague description seems to be deliberate.

[12:19]  ⁶² tn Grk “a voice of words.”

[12:19]  ⁶³ tn Grk “a voice…from which those who heard begged that a word not be added to them.”

[12:20]  ⁶⁴ sn A quotation from Exod 19:12-13.

[12:21]  ⁶⁵ tn Grk “that which appeared.”

[12:21]  ⁶⁶ tn Grk “I am terrified and trembling.”

[12:21]  sn A quotation from Deut 9:19.

[12:22]  ⁶⁷ tn Grk “and the city”; the conjunction is omitted in translation since it seems to be functioning epexegetically – that is, explaining further what is meant by “Mount Zion.”

[12:24]  ⁶⁸ tn The Greek word μεσίτης (mesith", “mediator”) in this context does not imply that Jesus was a mediator in the contemporary sense of the word, i.e., he worked for compromise between opposing parties. Here the term describes his function as the one who was used by God to enact a new covenant which established a new relationship between God and his people, but entirely on God’s terms.

[12:24]  ⁶⁹ sn Abel’s shed blood cried out to the Lord for justice and judgment, but Jesus’ blood speaks of redemption and forgiveness, something better than Abel’s does (Gen 4:10; Heb 9:11-14; 11:4).

[12:26]  ⁷⁰ sn A quotation from Hag 2:6.

[12:29]  ⁷¹ sn A quotation from Deut 4:24; 9:3.

[13:2]  ⁷² sn This is a vague allusion to people described in scripture and extra-biblical literature and may include Abraham and Sarah (Gen 18:2-15), Lot (Gen 19:1-14), Gideon (Judg 6:11-18), Manoah (Judg 13:3-22), and possibly Tobit (Tob 12:1-20).

[13:3]  ⁷³ tn Grk “as being imprisoned together.”

[13:3]  ⁷⁴ tn Or “since you too are vulnerable”; Grk “you also being in the body.”

[13:5]  ⁷⁵ sn A quotation from Deut 31:6, 8.

[13:6]  ⁷⁶ tc Some important mss (א* C* P 0285^vid 33 1175 1739 pc lat) lack καί (kai), but because the omission conforms to the wording of Ps 118:6 (117:6 LXX), it is suspect.

[13:6]  ⁷⁷ sn A quotation from Ps 118:6.

[13:9]  ⁷⁸ tn Grk “by diverse and strange teachings.”

[13:9]  ⁷⁹ tn Grk “foods,” referring to the meals associated with the OT sacrifices (see the contrast with the next verse; also 9:9-10; 10:1, 4, 11).

[13:11]  ⁸⁰ tn Grk “whose blood is brought by the high priest.”

[13:13]  ⁸¹ tn Grk “his abuse.”

[13:16]  ⁸² tn Grk “neglect doing good and fellowship.”

[13:17]  ⁸³ tn Or “as ones who will give an account”; Grk “as giving an account.”

[13:17]  ⁸⁴ tn Grk “that they may do this.”

[13:19]  ⁸⁵ tn Grk “I urge you to do this all the more.”

[13:21]  ⁸⁶ tc Some mss (C P Ψ 6 629* 630 1505 pm latt sy^h) read ὑμῖν (Jumin, “in you”) here, but ἡμῖν (Jhmin) has stronger external support (Ì⁴⁶ א A D^vid K 0243 0285 33 81 104 326 365 629^c 1175 1739 1881 pm sy^p co). It is also more likely that ἡμῖν would have been changed to ὑμῖν in light of the “you” which occurs at the beginning of the verse than vice versa.

[13:21]  ⁸⁷ tc ‡ Most mss (א A [C*] 0243 0285 33 1739 1881 Ï latt) include the words “and ever” here, but the shorter reading (supported by Ì⁴⁶ C³ D Ψ 6 104 365 1505 al) is preferred on internal grounds. It seemed more likely that scribes would assimilate the wording to the common NT doxological expression “for ever and ever,” found especially in the Apocalypse (cf., e.g., 1 Tim 1:17; 2 Tim 4:18; Rev 4:9; 22:5) than to the “forever” of Heb 13:8. Nevertheless, a decision is difficult here. NA²⁷ places the phrase in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.

[13:22]  ⁸⁸ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.

[13:23]  ⁸⁹ tn Grk “Know that” (an imperative).

[13:23]  ⁹⁰ tn Grk “has been released, with whom, if he comes soon, I will see you.”

[13:25]  ⁹¹ tc Most witnesses, including several important ones (א² A C D H Ψ 0243 1739 1881 Ï lat sy bo), conclude the letter with ἀμήν (amhn, “amen”). Such a conclusion is routinely added by scribes to NT books because a few of these books originally had such an ending (cf. Rom 16:27; Gal 6:18; Jude 25). A majority of Greek witnesses have the concluding ἀμήν in every NT book except Acts, James, and 3 John (and even in these books, ἀμήν is found in some witnesses). It is thus a predictable variant. Further, there is sufficient testimony (Ì⁴⁶ א* I^vid 6 33 sa) for the lack of the particle, rendering its omission the preferred reading.

[12:2]  ⁹² sn An allusion to Ps 110:1.