Teks -- Revelation 14:8 (NET)

14:8 A second angel followed the first, declaring: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great city! She made all the nations drink of the wine of her immoral passion.”

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Rev 14:8 - Another, a second angel

Another, a second angel ( allos deuteros aggelos ).

This second angel "followed"(ēkolouthēsen , first aorist active indicative of akoloutheō ) and interpreted in part the first one.

Robertson: Rev 14:8 - Fallen, fallen

Fallen, fallen ( epesen , epesen ).

Prophetic aorist active indicative of piptō , repeated as a solemn dirge announcing the certainty of the fall. The English participle "fallen, fallen"is more musical and rhythmical than the literal rendering "fell, fell."The language is an echo of Isa 21:9, though B in the lxx has peptōken , peptōken (perfect).

Robertson: Rev 14:8 - Babylon the great

Babylon the great ( Babulōn hē magalē ).

The adjective megalē occurs with Babulōn each time in the Apocalypse (Rev 14:8; Rev 16:19; Rev 17:5; Rev 18:2, Rev 18:10, Rev 18:21) as a reminder of Nebuchadrezzar. There is no doubt that Rome is meant by Babylon, as is probably seen already in 1Pe 5:13. As a prisoner in Patmos John can speak his mind by this symbolism.

Robertson: Rev 14:8 - Hath made to drink

Hath made to drink ( pepotiken ).

Perfect active indicative of potizō , old causative verb (from potos drinking, 1Pe 4:3), as in Mat 25:35. The remarkable phrase that follows seems based on Jer 51:8 (Jer 25:15). It is a combination also of Rev 14:10 (the wine of God’ s wrath, also in Rev 16:19; Rev 19:15) and Rev 17:2. There is no doubt of the dissoluteness of the old Babylon of Jeremiah’ s day as of the Rome of John’ s time. Rome is pictured as the great courtesan who intoxicates and beguiles the nations to fornication (Rev 17:2, Rev 17:4, Rev 17:6), but the cup of God’ s wrath for her and her paramours is full (Rev 14:10; Rev 16:19; Rev 18:2).

Vincent: Rev 14:8 - Another

Another

Add δεύτερος a second .

Vincent: Rev 14:8 - Is fallen

Is fallen ( ἔπεσεν )

Lit., fell . The prophetic aorist expressing the certainty of the fall. Compare Isa 21:9; Jer 51:7, Jer 51:8.

Wesley: Rev 14:8 - And another angel followed, saying, Babylon is fallen

With the overthrow of Babylon, that of all the enemies of Christ, and, consequently, happier times, are connected.

Wesley: Rev 14:8 - Babylon the great

So the city of Rome is called upon many accounts. Babylon was magnificent, strong, proud, powerful. So is Rome also. Babylon was first, Rome afterwards, the residence of the emperors of the world. What Babylon was to Israel of old, Rome hath been both to the literal and spiritual "Israel of God." Hence the liberty of the ancient Jews was connected with the overthrow of the Babylonish empire. And when Rome is finally overthrown, then the people of God will be at liberty.

Whenever Babylon is mentioned in this book, the great is added, to teach us that Rome then commenced Babylon, when it commenced the great city; when it swallowed up the Grecian monarchy and its fragments, Syria in particular; and, in consequence of this, obtained dominion over Jerusalem about sixty years before the birth of Christ. Then it began, but it will not cease to be Babylon till it is finally destroyed. Its spiritual greatness began in the fifth century, and increased from age to age. It seems it will come to its utmost height just before its final overthrow.

Her fornication is her idolatry; invocation of saints and angels; worship of images; human traditions; with all that outward pomp, yea, and that fierce and bloody zeal, wherewith she pretends to serve God. But with spiritual fornication, as elsewhere, so in Rome, fleshly fornication is joined abundantly. Witness the stews there, licensed by the Pope, which are no inconsiderable branch of his revenue. This is fitly compared, to wine, because of its intoxicating nature.

Of this wine she hath, indeed, made all nations drink - More especially by her later missions. We may observe, this making them drink is not ascribed to the beast, but to Babylon. For Rome itself, the Roman inquisitions, congregations, and Jesuits, continually propagate the idolatrous doctrines and practices, with or without the consent of this or that Pope, who himself is not secure from their censure.

JFB: Rev 14:8 - another

So Vulgate. But A, B, Syriac, and ANDREAS add, "a second"; "another, a second angel."

JFB: Rev 14:8 - Babylon

Here first mentioned; identical with the harlot, the apostate Church; distinct from the beast, and judged separately.

JFB: Rev 14:8 - is fallen

Anticipation of Rev 18:2. A, Vulgate, Syriac, and ANDREAS support the second "is fallen." But B, C, and Coptic omit it.

JFB: Rev 14:8 - that great city

A, B, C, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic omit "city." Then translate, "Babylon the great." The ulterior and exhaustive fulfilment of Isa 21:9.

JFB: Rev 14:8 - because

So ANDREAS. But A, C, Vulgate, and Syriac read, "which." B and Coptic omit it. Even reading "which," we must understand it as giving the reason of her fall.

JFB: Rev 14:8 - all nations

A, B and C read, "all the nations."

JFB: Rev 14:8 - the wine of the wrath of her fornication

The wine of the wrath of God, the consequence of her fornication. As she made the nations drunk with the wine of her fornication, so she herself shall be made drunk with the wine of God's wrath.

Clarke: Rev 14:8 - Babylon is fallen, is fallen

Babylon is fallen, is fallen - This is generally understood to be a prediction concerning Rome; and it is certain that Rome, in the rabbinical writings, is termed Babylon

Clarke: Rev 14:8 - That great city

That great city - Among the same writers this city is styled קרתא רבתא karta rabbetha , the great city; and רומי רבתא Romi rabbetha , the great Rome. But which Rome is meant? Pagan or Papal Rome? Some parts of the description apply best to the former

Clarke: Rev 14:8 - The wine of the wrath of her fornication

The wine of the wrath of her fornication - There is an allusion here to a custom of impure women, who give philtres or love potions to those whom they wish to seduce and bind to their will; and these potions are generally of an intoxicating nature, greatly inflaming the blood, and disturbing the intellect

Fornication and adultery are frequently used in Scripture as emblems of idolatry and false worship

The wine of the wrath is another expression for the envenomed or poisoned cup given by such women

No nation of the earth spread their idolatries so far as the ancient Romans; they were as extensive as their conquests. And papal Rome has been not less active in disseminating her superstitions. She has given her rituals, but not the everlasting Gospel, to most nations of the earth.

Defender: Rev 14:8 - Babylon

This is the first mention of the city of Babylon by name in Revelation, but its revived existence as the capital of the beast has been intimated (see note on Rev 13:3). For further discussion in this area, see the notes on Revelation 16:19-18:24. Although her fall will be 3 1/2 years in the future, this second angel appropriately proclaims the certain destruction of the great enemy of the gospel.

Defender: Rev 14:8 - fornication

See Isa 14:4-9 and Jer 51:7."

TSK: Rev 14:8 - Babylon // because // wrath

Babylon : Rev 16:19, Rev 17:5, Rev 17:18, Rev 18:2, Rev 18:3, Rev 18:10,Rev 18:11, Rev 18:18-21; Isa 21:9; Jer 51:7, Jer 51:8, Jer 51:64

because : Rev 11:8, Rev 17:2-5, Rev 18:3, Rev 18:10,Rev 18:18, Rev 18:21, Rev 19:2; Jer 51:7; Eze 16:15-22; Nah 3:19

wrath : Rev 13:15-17, Rev 17:6

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Rev 14:8 - Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city // great city // Because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication

The apostle is shown, that other messengers of God should come forth, during the reign of antichrist, that should declare his ruin as certainly as if it were already effected.

Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city: these words are taken from Isa 21:9 , Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath brokers unto the ground. So Jer 51:8 , Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed. There is no doubt but both the prophets spake of that Babylon into which the Jews were carried captive; but that Babylon was typical of another Babylon, called here the

great city and great Babylon, Rev 16:19 17:5 18:10,21 ; and the mother of harlots, Rev 17:5 . There neither is, nor ever was, any city in the world to whom these things could agree, but to Rome, rightly enough called the mother of harlots, and abominations of the earth, Rev 17:5 , both in respect of carnal filthiness there tolerated to make the bishop of Rome a revenue, and spiritual whoredom, which is idolatry: called also Sodom and Egypt, Rev 11:8 , the former of which was famous for beastly lusts, the latter for idolatry, and oppression of God’ s Israel. The ruin of old Babylon is denounced by the prophet, Isa 21:9 , because of her idolatry in image worship, for which the new Babylon is every whit as famous.

Because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication: the word translated wrath, though it oft so signifies, yet should rather be here translated poison, as we translate it, Deu 32:33 Job 20:16 . The LXX. in those texts use the same word that is here used, yumov ; so the sense is, with the poisonous wine of her idolatry, intimating to us the venomous condition of Romish superstitions and idolatries, to entice ignorant people to be in love with them; as harlots use with their philters, or poisoned cups, to make men in love with them. If we better approve of our translation of the term wrath, the wine of the wrath of her fornication signifieth her fornication which brings wrath upon them that join with her in it.

PBC: Rev 14:8

Re 14:8 And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

Immediately following the declaration of the gospel message, there goes forth a shout of joy. This Babylon which is fallen is none other than Jerusalem which shed the blood of the saints of God and Jesus Christ her husband. Although God had declared that Israel was his wife, He now calls her a fornicator. She has sold herself to the powers of Rome. Now there is rejoicing that she has fallen. " And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all." {Re 18:21}

Proof Scripture: " And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth." {Re 18:24} Jesus identified this city of Jerusalem (Babylon) when he said, " Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers: for they indeed killed them, and ye build their sepulchres. Therefore also said the wisdom of God, I will send them prophets and apostles, and some of them they shall slay and persecute: that the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; from the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias, which perished between the altar and the temple: verily I say unto you, It shall be required of this generation." {Lu 11:48-51} The same wording, the blood of all the prophets, is used in the judgment of this wicked city, Jerusalem.— Eld. Charles Taylor

Haydock: Rev 14:8 - Another Angel,...saying:...She is fallen, she is fallen, that great Babylon

Another Angel,...saying:...She is fallen, she is fallen, that great Babylon. By Babylon, as observed before, may very probably be signified all the wicked world in general, whom God will punish and destroy after the short time of this mortal life: or may be signified every great city, and perhaps Rome returned to idolatry in the time of antichrist, a little before the end of the world: or may be signified the idolatry of heathen Rome, in the fourth age [century], when the Christian religion, under Constantine and his successors, began to triumph over paganism, i.e. according to those interpreters followed by Alcazar, Bossuet, P. Alleman, &c. which exposition Dr. Hammond thus expresseth: "the whole impure city of heathen Rome, under the title of Babylon, that old idolatrous city that had lain so heavy upon the people of God....should speedily be destroyed, for advancing the heathen worship." (Witham) ---

It is probable that here by the great Babylon is meant the city of the devil; that is, the universal society of the wicked: as Jerusalem is taken for the city and the Church of God. (Challoner)

Gill: Rev 14:8 - And there followed another angel // saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city // because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication

And there followed another angel,.... A "second", as the Alexandrian copy, the Complutensian edition, and the Syriac version add; and the Arabic version reads, "and the second angel followed"; another set of Gospel ministers, who will immediately follow upon the former, proclaiming the fall of Babylon, which will be brought about through the preaching of the everlasting Gospel. Some think the Waldenses and Albigenses are here designed, who gave a great blow to Babylon, and laid a foundation for her ruin. Others have thought that Luther, and the reformers of his times, are intended, who gave a deadly blow to Babylon, and she has been falling ever since: but to me it appears, that a set of ministers in the spiritual reign of Christ are meant, who will not only signify the fall of Babylon to be certain, and near at hand, but will live to see and declare her actual fall, as follows:

saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city; which is to be understood not of the world in general, which will not now be come to an end, for all nations of the world are distinguished from this Babylon in the next clause, and is only represented as a city, though a great one; nor of Babylon in Chaldea, which was fallen many hundreds of years before this vision; nor is there any likelihood of its being restored, nor any reason to believe that it will ever more be the seat of empire over all the nations and kings of the earth, as the Babylon mentioned in this book is, Rev 17:5 though undoubtedly the allusion is to that Babylon, and the very words are used which express the fall of it, and are taken from it; see Isa 21:9 but this is to be understood of Rome, which all along in this book is called the great city; see Rev 11:8 and not of Rome Pagan, for that is fallen already; and the account of the fall of that is given before, at the opening of the sixth seal, and the casting the dragon out of heaven, upon the war there, between Michael and him, though Mr. Daubuz is of opinion that this is here meant; but of Rome Papal, called Babylon the great, Rev 16:5 and so the Alexandrian copy, the Vulgate Latin, Syriac and Arabic versions, read here; and the Romish antichrist is so called, because that city was famous for its pride and haughtiness, for its tyranny and cruelty, and for its idolatry; and indeed its name, which signifies "confusion", well agrees with the Papacy, which is a confused mixture of Judaism, Paganism, and Christianity: so Rome is called Babel in some ancient writings of the Jews ^o, where some copies read "Babel", others read "Rome"; and Tertullian, who wrote long before the appearance of the Romish antichrist, says ^p, with our John, Babylon is a figure of the Roman city: and of this it is said, that it "is fallen, is fallen"; which words are repeated for the certain confirmation of it, as matter of fact; for the fall of antichrist will certainly be in the spiritual reign of Christ, in the Philadelphian church state; See Gill on Rev 3:9 now will Babylon come in remembrance before God, and he will pour out the vials of his wrath upon her, and will give men an aversion to her; and through the preaching of the Gospel she will fall, just as the walls of Jericho fell at the sounding of the rams' horns: the reason of which fall will be,

because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication: by her "fornication" is meant the idolatry of the church of Rome; so the idolatry of Israel and Judah is often expressed in the Old Testament by fornication and whoredoms; see Jer 3:6 and the wine of it designs the alluring methods used to draw into it; such as the riches and honours, and pleasures of this world, promised to men, and the great appearances of holiness and religion, the deceivableness of unrighteousness, the miracles, signs, and lying wonders done by them, by which men are made sottish and stupid, and induced to believe a lie; just as wine intoxicates, and inclines and excites to lust: and by "the wrath" of it is meant either the heat of lust unto it, or the wrath of God against them which is stirred up by it; and now the aggravation of her sin is, that she not only drinks of this wine herself, or commits idolatry, being instigated to it by the allurements of it, though she hereby incurs the displeasure and wrath of God, but she draws all nations into the same idolatrous practices.