Teks -- Revelation 14:20 (NET)

14:20 Then the winepress was stomped outside the city, and blood poured out of the winepress up to the height of horses’ bridles for a distance of almost two hundred miles.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Rev 14:20 - Was trodden

Was trodden ( epatēthē ).

First aorist passive indicative of pateō , to tread. The image of treading out the grapes is a familiar one in the East. Perhaps Isa 63:3 is in mind.

Robertson: Rev 14:20 - Without the city

Without the city ( exōthen tēs poleōs ).

Ablative case with exōthen (like exō ). This was the usual place (Heb 13:12). See exōthen in Rev 11:2. Joel (Joe 3:12) pictures the valley of Jehoshaphat as the place of the slaughter of God’ s enemies. Cf. Zec 14:4.

Robertson: Rev 14:20 - Blood from the winepress

Blood from the winepress ( haima ek tēs lēnou ).

Bold imagery suggested by the colour of the grapes.

Robertson: Rev 14:20 - Unto the bridles

Unto the bridles ( achri tōn chalinōn ).

Old word (from chalaō to slacken), in N.T. only here and Jam 3:3. Bold picture.

Robertson: Rev 14:20 - As far as a thousand and six hundred furlongs

As far as a thousand and six hundred furlongs ( apo stadiōn chiliōn hexakosiōn ).

A peculiar use of apo , for "distance from (of)"as also in Joh 11:18; Joh 21:8, somewhat like the use of pro in Joh 12:1. The distance itself covers the length of Palestine, but it is more likely that "the metaphor is worked out with the exuberance of apocalyptic symbolism"(Swete) for the whole earth.

Vincent: Rev 14:20 - Furlong

Furlong ( σταδίων )

The furlong or stadium was 606 3/4 English feet.

Wesley: Rev 14:20 - And the winepress was trodden

By the Son of God, Rev 19:15.

Wesley: Rev 14:20 - Without the city

Jerusalem. They to whom St. John writes, when a man said, "The city," immediately understood this. And blood came out of the winepress, even to the horses' bridles - So deep at its first flowing from the winepress! One thousand six hundred furlongs - So far! at least two hundred miles, through the whole land of Palestine.

JFB: Rev 14:20 - without the city

Jerusalem. The scene of the blood-shedding of Christ and His people shall be also the scene of God's vengeance on the Antichristian foe. Compare the "horsemen," Rev 9:16-17.

JFB: Rev 14:20 - blood

Answering to the red wine. The slaughter of the apostates is what is here spoken of, not their eternal punishment.

JFB: Rev 14:20 - even unto the horse bridles

Of the avenging "armies of heaven."

JFB: Rev 14:20 - by the space of a thousand . . . six hundred furlongs

Literally, "a thousand six hundred furlongs off" [W. KELLY]. Sixteen hundred is a square number; four by four by one hundred. The four quarters, north, south, east, and west, of the Holy Land, or else of the world (the completeness and universality of the world-wide destruction being hereby indicated). It does not exactly answer to the length of Palestine as given by JEROME, one hundred sixty Roman miles. BENGEL thinks the valley of Kedron, between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives, is meant, the torrent in that valley being about to be discolored with blood to the extent of sixteen hundred furlongs. This view accords with Joel's prophecy that the valley of Jehoshaphat is to be the scene of the overthrow of the Antichristian foes.

Clarke: Rev 14:20 - Even unto the horse bridles

Even unto the horse bridles - A hyperbolical expression, to denote a great effusion of blood. The Jews said, "When Hadrian besieged the city called Bitter, he slew so many that the horses waded in blood up to their mouths."The same kind of hyperbole with that above. See Wetstein on this verse

Clarke: Rev 14:20 - The space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs

The space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs - It is said that the state of the Church, or St. Peter’ s patrimony, extends from Rome to the Po, two hundred Italian miles, which make exactly one thousand six hundred furlongs! If this be really so, the coincidence is certainly surprising, and worthy of deep regard

On these two last verses pious Quesnel thus speaks: "As the favorable sickle of Jesus Christ reaps his wheat when ripe for heaven, so that of the executioners of his justice cuts off from this life the tares which are only fit for the fire of hell. Then shall the blood of Christ cease to be trampled on by sinners; and that of the wicked shall be eternally trodden down in hell, which is the winepress of the wrath of God

"And the winepress was trodden without the city, eternally without the city of the heavenly Jerusalem, and far from the presence of God; eternally crushed and trodden down by his justice; eternally tormented in body and soul, without any hope either of living or dying! This is the miserable lot and portion of those who shall have despised the law of God, and died in impenitence. My God, pierce my heart with a salutary dread of thy judgments!

Whatever these passages may mean, this is a prudent and Christian use of them.

Defender: Rev 14:20 - unto the horse bridles

The scene here looks forward to the final slaughter of the beast's armies at Armageddon. There may well be a multitude of perhaps 200 million men (and maybe women also) clustered together (compare Rev 9:16), with many horses and various items of military equipment, all massed in a great phalanx extending from below Bozrah, deep in Edom, up beyond Megiddo and the plain of Armageddon, through the valley of Jezreel, with its center in the Judaean wilderness opposite Jerusalem, in "the Valley of Jehoshaphat." The distance of 600 "furlongs" (Greek stadion) corresponds to 180 miles. If the phalanx averages a mile in width, the assumed 200 million men and animals in the massed armies of the beast, would barely have room to move. If the vast armies were to explode, the blood gushing out from man and beast would create a great trough of blood, draining up to the horse bridles in the valley center like a great vat of grapes in a winepress bursting all at once. This same incredible scene was apparently seen in a vision by some of the ancient prophets (Psa 110:5, Psa 110:6; Isa 34:6; Isa 63:1-4; Joe 3:12, Joe 3:13). These armies of the beast, gathered together to battle the returning Christ, will be instantly slain simply with the sword of His mouth. "And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: ... and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God" (Rev 19:13-15). (On the invincible power of His Word, like a mighty sword, see also Isa 11:4; 2Th 2:8 and Heb 4:12. On the massing of the world's armies to fight the Lord, see Rev 16:13-16. On the final battle and their destruction, see Rev 19:17-21.)"

TSK: Rev 14:20 - the winepress // without // and blood

the winepress : Isa 63:1-3; Lam 1:15

without : Rev 11:8; Heb 13:11, Heb 13:12

and blood : Rev 19:14-21; Isa 34:5-7, Isa 66:24; Eze 39:17-21

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Rev 14:20 - And the winepress was trodden without the city // And blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs

And the winepress was trodden without the city: by the city, Dr. More thinks Babylon is here meant, and that the meaning is, that the powerful convictions of the word before mentioned, shall not reach Babylon, the Romish hierarchy and polity, as being hardened against any such thing. But Mr. Mede and others think, that the city of Jerusalem is here meant, or the Holy Land, which comprehends exactly one thousand six hundred furlong, that is, two hundred Italian miles, or one hundred and sixty Grecian miles. But what that place shall be, where this slaughter shall be, is a great secret.

And blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs: it is plain it shall be a great slaughter, by the depth of the blood mentioned, and the length of the ground which it should to that depth overflow. It is very probable, that great battle is meant, mentioned Rev 19:20,21 , in the place called Armageddon, upon the pouring out of the sixth vial, Rev 16:16 . In so difficult a business nothing can be positively determined.

Haydock: Rev 14:14-20 - Like to the Son of man

Like to the Son of man. That is, to our Saviour Christ, sitting on a white cloud, with a crown of gold, and in his hand a sharp sickle. And another Angel, desiring of him to do justice, by putting in his sickle, because the harvest of the earth was ripe, dry, and withered; i.e. the wicked, ripe for punishment. The like is again represented by the sickle, which is said to be put to the clusters of the vineyard: and they were cast into the great wine-press, or lake of the wrath of God, into hell, where the blood is said to come out even up to the horses' bridles, for a thousand and six hundred furlongs: a metaphorical way of expressing the exceeding great torments of the wicked in hell. But to pretend from hence to give the just dimensions of hell, is a groundless conjecture; of which see Cornelius a Lapide. (Witham)

Gill: Rev 14:20 - And the winepress was trodden without the city // and blood came out of the winepress // Even unto the horses' bridles, for the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs // the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs

And the winepress was trodden without the city,.... The beloved city, the new Jerusalem, into which none of the wicked will enter, and without which are dogs, &c. Rev 20:9. The allusion may be, as Dr. Lightfoot thinks, to the olive presses, which were without the city of Jerusalem, from whence Gethsemane had its name, whither our Lord went, and where his sorrows began the night he was betrayed: hell is sometimes expressed by outer darkness, and said to be far off from heaven, and between the one and the other a great gulf is fixed, the distance is considerable; hence men are said to go forth to behold the miseries of the wicked; see Mat 22:13.

and blood came out of the winepress; alluding to the juice squeezed out of grapes, called the blood of grapes, Gen 49:11.

Even unto the horses' bridles, for the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs; which is only an hyperbolical expression, setting forth the largeness and universality of the destruction of the wicked, and the impossibility of their escaping it. In like manner the Jews express a great slaughter of men; so of the slaughter at Bither, by Adrian, they say ^e, they went on slaying בדם עד־חוטמו עד ששקע הסוס, "until a horse plunged in blood up to his nostrils", and the blood ran four miles into the sea; which is not to be understood literally, but as expressing a prodigious effusion of blood: and as to

the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs, perhaps there may be an allusion to the measure of the land of Israel, and the common notion of it among the Jews, who make it to be the square of four hundred parsoe ^f: hence they often speak of the land of Israel shaking and moving four hundred "parsoe", upon some extraordinary occasions ^g; and a "parsa" contained four miles ^h, so that four hundred "parsoe" made a thousand and six hundred miles; and if miles and furlongs are the same, in which sense only the land of Israel could be so large, here is the exact space; for Jerom ⁱ, who was an inhabitant of it, says, it was scarce 160 miles in length, to which agrees R. Menachem ^k; and it may be observed, that the Arabic version renders the words, "by the space of a thousand and six hundred miles". The Ethiopic version, very wrongly, reads, "sixteen furlongs".