Teks -- Acts 13:21 (NET)

13:21 Then they asked for a king, and God gave them Saul son of Kish, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, who ruled forty years.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Act 13:21 - They asked

They asked ( ēitēsanto ).

First aorist indirect middle indicative, they asked for themselves. They were tired of a theocracy. Cf. 1Sa 8:5; 1Sa 10:1. Paul mentions with pride that Benjamin was the tribe of Saul (his name also), but he does not allude to Saul’ s sin (Furneaux).

Robertson: Act 13:21 - For the space of forty years

For the space of forty years ( etē tesserakonta ).

Accusative of extent of time. Not in the O.T., but in Josephus, Ant. VI. 14, 9.

Wesley: Act 13:21 - He gave them Saul forty years

Including the time wherein Samuel judged Israel.

JFB: Act 13:18-22 - forty years suffered he their manners

Rather, according to what appears the true reading, "cherished he them" (as a nurse the infant in her bosom).

JFB: Act 13:21 - God gave . . . them Saul . . . of the tribe of Benjamin

That the speaker was himself of the same name and of the same tribe, has often been noticed as in all likelihood present to the apostle's mind while speaking.

JFB: Act 13:21 - forty years

With this length of Saul's reign (not mentioned in the Old Testament), JOSEPHUS coincides [Antiquities, 6.14.9].

Clarke: Act 13:21 - Saul the son of Cis

Saul the son of Cis - In all proper names quoted from the Old Testament, we should undoubtedly follow, as nearly as possible, the same orthography: קיש Kish , was the name of this king’ s father, and so we spell it in the Old Testament, and yet have transformed it into Cis in the New, where the orthography is almost entirely lost

Clarke: Act 13:21 - The space of forty years

The space of forty years - Reckoning from the time of his anointing by Samuel to the time of his death, from a.m. 2909 to 2949.

Calvin: Act 13:21 - Afterward they desire

21.Afterward they desire And this change was all one as if they would quite and manifestly overthrow the government which he had appointed, whereof God himself complaineth in Samuel, (1Sa 8:5.) But the stability of the election saved them from being punished as such madness did deserve; yea, the wicked and unlawful desire of the people was to God a new and incredible occasion to erect the kingdom whence Christ should afterward come. For how is it that the scepter came to the tribe of Judah, save only because the people were desirous to have a king? And assuredly the people dealt wickedly; but God, who knoweth how to use evil things well, turned that offense into safety. Whereas Saul was thrown down from the kingdom, it served to reprove the fault of the people, (1Sa 15:28,) but immediately when the kingdom is established in David’s family the prophecy of Jacob was verified, (Gen 49:10.)

TSK: Act 13:21 - they // Saul // Cis

they : 1Sam. 8:5-22, 1Sa 12:12-19

Saul : 1Sa 10:1, 1Sa 10:21-26, 1Sa 11:15, 1Sa 15:1

Cis : 1Sa 9:1, 1Sa 9:2, 1Sa 10:21, Kish

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Act 13:21 - by the space of forty years

Their great sin in desiring a king was, because by that desire they rejected God, who had at that very time a prophet (Samuel) by whom he governed them, 1Sa 8:7 10:19 . They had been under a theocracy ever since they came out of Egypt, their laws and their governors being appointed by God; had their condition been as that of other nations, their desire had not been a provocation. These words,

by the space of forty years are to be joined with the foregoing verse, and the other foregoing words in the verse read with a parenthesis: and thus they show how long Samuel the prophet (as he is here called) exercised his prophetical office, which was the space here mentioned, partly before Saul was anointed king, and in part afterward; in which, as another Moses, he cared for, and went in and out before, the people of God, the like space of forty years. This computation of St. Paul might also agree more with the Septuagint, and be according to the then current account, which (not being of more consequence) St. Paul would not controvert at this time, having greater matters to speak of unto them.

Gill: Act 13:21 - And afterward they desired a king // and God gave unto them Saul // the son of Cis // by the space of forty years

And afterward they desired a king,.... 1Sa 8:5 which the Jews ^w say, was in the tenth year of Samuel; that is, of his government over Israel, or of his judging them:

and God gave unto them Saul; whose name signifies one that is asked; he was

the son of Cis; so the Septuagint read and pronounce the word "Kish", the name of Saul's father, 1Sa 9:1 a man of the tribe of Benjamin; not of Judah, from whence the sceptre was not to depart till Shiloh came; the business of their asking a king being resented by God, he gives them their first king of another tribe:

by the space of forty years. The Jews are very much divided about the years of Saul's reign, some allow him but two years ^x, and others three, one year that he reigned with Samuel, and two by himself ^y, which they conclude from 1Sa 13:1 but others ^z think this too short a time for the things done by him, the wars he fought with many nations, and his persecution of David from place to place; wherefore others ^a allow him, some seventeen, and others twenty years; but our apostle ascribes forty years to him, which must be understood both of him and Samuel; with which Josephus ^b agrees, who says that he reigned eighteen years, during Samuel's life, and twenty two years after his death, which make the space of forty years fixed by the apostle; though the clause, "by the space of forty years", may be read in construction with the latter end of the preceding verse, until Samuel the prophet; who, the Jews ^c own, judged so many years: wherefore the apostle is not to be charged with an error, as he is by a Jewish ^d objector; who observes, that from the beginning of Saul's kingdom, or from the time that he was anointed by Samuel the prophet, until the kingdom was renewed to him by all Israel, was one year, and then Saul chose three thousand men out of Israel after that he reigned two years by the consent of all Israel, until he sinned in the business of the Amalekites, and then he was accounted as a dead man, and the years of his reign were not numbered; at which time David was anointed, who must be about twenty years of age, 1Sa 16:18 and yet when he came to the kingdom after the death of Saul, he was but thirty years of age, 2Sa 5:4 from whence he thinks it follows that Saul reigned but ten years: in all which he is guilty of several mistakes, and advances things he cannot prove; it was not after Saul had reigned one year, but after he had reigned two years, that he chose three thousand men out of Israel, as is expressly said, 1Sa 13:1 and that he had reigned but two years when he sinned in the case of the Amalekites, wants proof; nor is it evident that David was twenty years of age when he was anointed, for it was after his unction that he is said to be a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, 1Sa 16:18 nor indeed can it be said in what year of Saul's reign he was anointed; so that nothing can be concluded from the age David was at when he began to reign, concerning the years of the reign of Saul his predecessor; and even according to this man's own reckoning, he must reign thirteen years, one before the consent of all Israel, two after, and before his sin about the Amalekites, and ten from the time of David's unction: but that Saul must reign more years than these, and even as many as the apostle assigns to him, may be concluded, not only from his wars with many nations, and his long persecution of David before observed; but from the number of high priests which were in his time, and who were no less than three, Ahiah, Abimelech, and Abiathar, 1Sa 14:3 and from his being a young man when he began to reign, 1Sa 9:2 and yet at the end of his reign, or at his death, he had a son, Ishbosheth, that was forty years of age, 2Sa 2:10.