Teks -- Exodus 22:5 (NET)

22:5 “If a man grazes his livestock in a field or a vineyard, and he lets the livestock loose and they graze in the field of another man, he must make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: Exo 22:5

He that wilfully put his cattle into his neighbour's field, must make restitution of the best of his own. The Jews hence observed it as a general rule, that restitution must always be made of the best; and that no man should keep any cattle that were likely to trespass upon his neighbour, or do him any damage.

Calvin: Exo 22:5 - If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten

5.If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten. This kind of fraud is justly ranked among thefts; viz., if any man shall have put in his beast to feed in another’s field or vineyard. For if a person have made improper use of his servant to steal by him, he himself is deemed guilty of the offense, even although he may have touched nothing with his own hand; nor does he less do wrong who has given occasion of injury by means of a brute. Still, God restricts the punishment to a compensation of double the amount, because it cannot be certainly established that the master of the animal desired to effect the damage fraudulently and designedly; yet He requires the loss to be made up at the highest estimate of its value; ¹³⁸ for thus I interpret “the goodness of his field and his vineyard,” that the place having been examined, a liberal restitution shall be awarded to its owner, according to the utmost it would have probably produced in its greatest state of fertility.

TSK: Exo 22:5 - shall he make restitution

shall he make restitution : Exo 22:3, Exo 22:12, Exo 21:34; Job 20:18

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Exo 22:5 - A field or vineyard

A field or vineyard or orchard, or other things of like nature; which is generally to be observed in laws.

Gill: Exo 22:5 - If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten // and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field // of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution

If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten,.... Which is not his own, by putting cattle into it to feed upon it, as it is explained in the next clause:

and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; do damage in one or both those two ways, either by his feet treading down the grass and fruits of the earth, which the Rabbins, as Jarchi says, think, is meant by putting in his beast; or with his beast eating up the same, which is intended by the latter phrase:

of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution for what damage is done by his beast in his neighbour's field or vineyard; and this held good of any garden or orchard injured in like manner; and it is a general rule with the Jews, that when any damage is sustained, he that does the damage is obliged to pay with the best the earth produces ^l, even though better than was the man's that suffered the loss, that for the future he might be more careful of doing injury to another ^m.