Teks -- Hebrews 12:22 (NET)

12:22 But you have come to Mount Zion, the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels, to the assembly

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Heb 12:22 - But

But ( alla ).

Sharp contrast to Heb 12:18 with same form proselēluthate .

Robertson: Heb 12:22 - Unto Mount Zion

Unto Mount Zion ( Siōn orei ).

Dative case of oros , as with the other substantives. In contrast to Mount Sinai (Heb 12:18-21). Paul has contrasted Mount Sinai (present Jerusalem) with the Jerusalem above (heaven) in Gal 4:21-31.

Robertson: Heb 12:22 - City

City ( polei ).

As in Heb 11:10, Heb 11:16. Heaven is termed thus a spiritual mountain and city.

Robertson: Heb 12:22 - The heavenly Jerusalem

The heavenly Jerusalem ( Ierousalem epouraniōi ).

See Heb 11:10, Heb 11:16; Isa 60:14.

Robertson: Heb 12:22 - Innumerable hosts of angels

Innumerable hosts of angels ( muriasin aggelōn ).

"Myriads of angels."Murias is an old word (from murios , 1Co 4:15) as in Luk 12:1.

Vincent: Heb 12:22 - The heavenly Jerusalem

The heavenly Jerusalem

See on Gal 4:26. The spiritual mountain and city where God dwells and reigns. Comp. Dante Inf . i. 128:

" Quivi e la sua cittade, e l'alto seggio."

Comp. Psa 2:6; Psa 48:2, Psa 48:3; Psa 50:2; Psa 78:68; Psa 110:2; Isa 18:7; Joe 2:32; Mic 4:1, Mic 4:2; Amo 1:2.

Vincent: Heb 12:22 - To an innumerable company of angels

To an innumerable company of angels ( μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων )

On this whole passage (Heb 12:22-24) it is to be observed that it is arranged in a series of clauses connected by καὶ . Accordingly μυριάσιν to myriads or tens of thousands stands by itself, and πανηγύρει festal assembly goes with ἀγγέλων angels . Μυριάς (see Luk 12:1; Act 19:19; Rev 5:11; quite often in lxx) is strictly the number ten thousand . In the plural, an innumerable multitude . So A.V. here. Rend. " to an innumerable multitude," placing a comma after μυριάσιν , and connecting of angels with the next clause. This use of μυριάσιν without a qualifying genitive is justified by numerous examples. See Gen 24:60; Deu 32:30; Deu 33:2; 1Sa 18:7, 1Sa 18:8; Psa 90:7; Son 5:10; Dan 7:10; Dan 11:12; Sir. 47:6; 2 Macc. 8:20; Jud 1:14. Χιλιάδες thousands is used in the same way. See Isaiah 70:22; Dan 7:10.

Wesley: Heb 12:22 - But ye

Who believe in Christ.

Wesley: Heb 12:22 - Are come

The apostle does not here speak of their coming to the church militant, but of that glorious privilege of New Testament believers, their communion with the church triumphant. But this is far more apparent to the eyes of celestial spirits than to ours which are yet veiled. St. Paul here shows an excellent knowledge of the heavenly economy, worthy of him who had been caught up into the third heaven.

Wesley: Heb 12:22 - To mount Sion

A spiritual mountain. To the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem - All these glorious titles belong to the New Testament church.

Wesley: Heb 12:22 - And to an innumerable company

Including all that are afterwards mentioned.

JFB: Heb 12:22 - are come

Greek, "have come near unto" (compare Deu 4:11). Not merely, ye shall come, but, ye have already come.

JFB: Heb 12:22 - Mount Sion

Antitypical Sion, the heavenly Jerusalem, of which the spiritual invisible Church (of which the first foundation was laid in literal Zion, Joh 12:15; 1Pe 2:6) is now the earnest; and of which the restored literal Jerusalem hereafter shall be the earthly representative, to be succeeded by the everlasting and "new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven" (Rev. 21:2-27; compare Heb 11:10).

JFB: Heb 12:22-23 - to an innumerable company of angels, to the general assembly and church

The city of God having been mentioned, the mention of its citizens follows. Believers being like the angels (Job 1:6; Job 38:7), "sons of God," are so their "equals" (Luk 20:36); and being reconciled through Christ, are adopted into God's great and blessed family. For the full completion of this we pray (Mat 6:10). English Version arrangement is opposed: (1) by "and" always beginning each new member of the whole sentence; (2) "general assembly and Church," form a kind of tautology; (3) "general assembly," or rather, "festal full assembly," "the jubilant full company" (such as were the Olympic games, celebrated with joyous singing, dancing, &c.), applies better to the angels above, ever hymning God's praises, than to the Church, of which a considerable part is now militant on earth. Translate therefore, "to myriads (ten thousands, compare Deu 33:2; Psa 68:17; Dan 7:10; Jud 1:14; namely), the full festal assembly of angels, and the Church of the first-born." Angels and saints together constitute the ten thousands. Compare "all angels, all nations" Mat 25:31-32. Messiah is pre-eminently "the First-born," or "First-begotten" (Heb 1:6), and all believers become so by adoption. Compare the type, Num 3:12, Num 3:45, Num 3:50; 1Pe 1:18. As the kingly and priestly succession was in the first-born, and as Israel was God's "first-born" (Exo 4:22; compare Exo 13:2), and a "kingdom of priests" to God (Exo 19:6), so believers (Rev 1:6).

Clarke: Heb 12:22 - But ye are come unto mount Sion

But ye are come unto mount Sion - In order to enter fully into the apostle’ s meaning, we must observe

1.    That the Church, which is called here the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and mount Sion, is represented under the notion of a City

2.    That the great assembly of believers in Christ is here opposed to the congregation of the Israelites assembled at Mount Sinai

3.    That the innumerable company of angels is here opposed to, those angels by whom the law was ushered in, Act 7:53; Gal 3:19

4.    That the Gospel first-born, whose names are written in heaven, are here opposed to the enrolled first-born among the Israelites, Exo 24:5, Exo 19:22

5.    That the mediator of the new covenant, the Lord Jesus, is here opposed to Moses, the mediator of the old

6.    And that the blood of sprinkling, of Christ, our High Priest, refers to the act of Moses, Exo 24:8 : "And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord hath made with you concerning all these words.

1.    The description in these verses does not refer to a heavenly state; for the terrible nature of the Mosaic dispensation is never opposed to heaven or life eternal, but to the economy of the New Testament

2.    In heaven there is no need of a mediator, or sprinkling of blood; but these are mentioned in the state which the apostle describes

Clarke: Heb 12:22 - The heavenly Jerusalem

The heavenly Jerusalem - This phrase means the Church of the New Testament, as Schoettgen has amply proved in his dissertation on this subject

Clarke: Heb 12:22 - To an innumerable company of angels

To an innumerable company of angels - Μυριασιν αγγελων· To myriads, tens of thousands, of angels. These are represented as the attendants upon God, when he manifests himself in any external manner to mankind. When he gave the law at Mount Sinai, it is intimated that myriads of these holy beings attended him. "The chariots of the Lord are twenty thousand, even thousands of angels; the Lord is among them as in Sinai, in the holy place;"Psa 68:17. And when he shall come to judge the world, he will be attended with a similar company. "Thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him;"Dan 7:10. In both these cases, as in several others, these seem to be, speaking after the manner of men, the body guard of the Almighty. Though angels make a part of the inhabitants of the New Jerusalem, yet they belong also to the Church below. Christ has in some sort incorporated them with his followers, for "they are all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister to them that shall be heirs of salvation,"and they are all ever considered as making a part of God’ s subjects.

Calvin: Heb 12:22 - NO PHRASE

22.=== Unto mount Sion, === etc. He alludes to those prophecies in which God had formerly promised that his Gospel should thence go forth, as in Isa 2:1, and in other places. Then he contrasts mount Sion with mount Sinai; and he further adds, the heavenly Jerusalem, and he expressly calls it heavenly, that the Jews might not cleave to that which was earthly, and which had flourished under the Law; for when they sought perversely to continue under the slavish yoke of the Law, mount Sion was turned into mount Sinai as Paul teaches us in the Gal 4:21 of the Epistle to the Galatians. Then by the heavenly Jerusalem he understood that which was to be built throughout the whole world, even as the angel, mentioned by Zechariah, extended his line from the east even to the west.

===To an innumerable company of angels, === etc. He means that we are associated with angels, chosen into the ranks of patriarchs, and placed in heaven among all the spirits of the blessed, when Christ by the Gospel calls us to himself. But it is an incalculable honor, conferred upon us by our heavenly Father, that he should enroll us among angels and the holy fathers. The expression, myriads of angels, in taken from the book of Daniel, though I have followed Erasmus, and rendered it innumerable company of angels. ²⁶⁶

Defender: Heb 12:22 - mount Sion

In contrast to the frightening scene at Sinai is the wonderful glimpse of the heavenly Zion (Heb 12:22-24). This assemblage is now gathered in heaven but will all become a glorious reality on earth when the "heavenly Jerusalem" descends out of heaven to the new earth (Rev 21:2-7).

Defender: Heb 12:22 - innumerable company of angels

Even though a third of God's created angels followed Satan in his rebellion (Rev 12:3, Rev 12:4), there still remains an innumerable host of heaven in the faithful angels, presumably associated with the innumerable starry hosts of heaven (Jer 33:22)."

TSK: Heb 12:22 - ye are come // the city // of the // an innumerable

ye are come : Psa 2:6, Psa 48:2, Psa 132:13, Psa 132:14; Isa 12:6, Isa 14:32, Isa 28:16, Isa 51:11, Isa 51:16, Isa 59:20; Isa 60:14; Joe 2:32; Rom 11:26; Gal 4:26; Rev 14:1

the city : Heb 13:14; Psa 48:2, Psa 87:3; Mat 5:35; Phi 3:20 *marg. Rev 3:12, Rev 21:2, Rev 21:10, Rev 22:19

of the : Heb 3:12, Heb 9:14, Heb 10:31; Deu 5:26; Jos 3:10; 2Ki 19:4; Psa 42:2, Psa 84:2; Jer 10:10; Dan 6:26; Hos 1:10; Mat 16:16; Rom 9:26; 1Th 1:9; Rev 7:2

an innumerable : Deu 33:2; Psa 68:17; Dan 7:10; Jud 1:14; Rev 5:11, Rev 5:12

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Heb 12:22 - But ye are come unto mount Sion // And unto the city of the living God // the heavenly Jerusalem // And to an innumerable company of angels

The Spirit now adds the privilege of Christians in the better state to which they have access by the gospel dispensation, Heb 12:22-24 ; Ye have left those hinderances and disadvantages instanced in before, but are come to these helps for yonr furtherance in holiness; ye have an access to all those most excellent, though invisible, things, by faith, and by it attain them, and are incorporated into them, as they follow.

But ye are come unto mount Sion: this is not literally to be understood for the mount on which the city of David was built, for that was as visible and touchable as Mount Sinai, to which it is opposed; but that mount which is higher than the highest, as high as heaven itself, Heb 12:25 9:24 Joh 3:13 ; where is the most orderly government of God for holiness, Mic 4:7 ; whence all good gifts and gospel blessings are conveyed to the church, of which these believers were members, Isa 8:18 28:16 59:20 Rev 14:1 .

And unto the city of the living God of which the living God is the Builder and Maker, and wherein he dwelleth, where nothing but life is, and whence Christ’ s voice giveth life to dead souls, enabling them to live a life of holiness to God, as Psa 46:4,5 48:1,8 87:3 Isa 40:14 Joh 5:25 . To distinguish this from any earthly city or corporation, it is said to be

the heavenly Jerusalem , its original, nature, and end being all heavenly; a fruitful place, whence believers are made partakers of the most spiritual influences for holiness; where there is nothing carnal, terrible, deadly, barren, but all causal and productive of holiness issueth thence, Isa 42:1-25,65:17-19 66:10 Joh 17:24 Gal 4:26 Rev 3:12 21:2,10 .

And to an innumerable company of angels in which city are many excellent inhabitants with whom believers are incorporated, and to whom they have relation, as myriads of angels, who are ministering spirits under the gospel, as under the law, full of holiness, power, agility, and endowments, fit for their work and end; who, though for number are thousands and millions of them, Psa 68:17 103:20 104:4 Act 7:53 Gal 3:19 Rev 5:11 , yet are all fulfilling their Lord’ s pleasure in every place, as ordered by him. Their ministration of the law was terrible in flaming fire, but of the gospel, most sweet and gracious, Luk 2:13,14 . At Sinai they ministered externally and sensibly, affecting senses; but from Sion they minister spiritually, to hearts, Mat 4:11 Luk 22:43 Psa 91:11 , resisting evil spirits ministering wickedly. Their ministry little effectual under the law; but under the gospel, saving, Act 7:53 Heb 1:14 Rev 19:10 . Their former ministration temporary and ceasing, but this everlasting, till they bring all their trust into Abraham’ s bosom, Luk 16:22 . They are promoting holiness by God’ s sending things to us by them, and by their observing the goings and doings of Christians, whether holy or not, 1Co 11:10 , and giving an account of the success of their ministry towards them, as to this end, Mat 18:10 . And the neglect of this means to help our pursuing holiness, will God require, Heb 2:2 .

Haydock: Heb 12:22 - But you are come to Mount Sion

But you are come to Mount Sion, where not a law of fear, like that of Moses, but a new law of love and mercy hath been given you, preached by our Saviour himself, and by his apostles, testified by the coming of the Holy Ghost, and by the effusion of God's spirit upon the believers. Here you are called to the city of the living God, (to the Christian Church on earth) and even to the celestial Jerusalem, there to be for ever happy in the company of may millions of Angels; to the church of the first-born, who are written in heaven, (ver. 23.) to be happy with those who have been chosen by a special mercy of God, and blessed with an endless happiness; to be there in the presence of God, the judge of all men, with all the celestial spirits and souls of the just and perfect in the kingdom of God. Jesus Christ is the mediator of this new testament, the redeemer of mankind by his death on the cross, by the sprinkling and effusion of his blood, which speaketh better than that of Abel: the blood of Abel cried to heaven for vengeance, and the blood of Christ for mercy and pardon. (Witham)

Gill: Heb 12:22 - But ye are come unto Mount Sion // and unto the city of the living God // The heavenly Jerusalem // And to an innumerable company of angels

But ye are come unto Mount Sion,.... The Alexandrian copy reads, as in Heb 12:18 "for ye are not come"; which may seem to favour that interpretation of this passage, which refers it to the heavenly state; to which saints, in this present life, are not, as yet, come: but, by "Mount Sion", and the other names here given, is meant the church of God, under the Gospel dispensation, to which the believing Hebrews were come; in distinction from the legal dispensation, signified by Mount Sinai, from which they were delivered: and this is called Mount Sion, because, like that, it is beloved of God; chosen by him; and is the place of his habitation; here his worship is, and his word and ordinances are administered; here he communes with his people, and distributes his blessings and this, as Mount Sion, is a perfection of beauty the joy of the whole earth; is strongly fortified by divine power, and is immovable; and is comparable to that mountain, for its height and holiness: and to come to Sion is to become a member of a Gospel church, and partake of the ordinances, enjoy the privileges, and perform the duties belonging to it:

and unto the city of the living God; the Gospel church is a city, built on Christ, the foundation; and is full of habitants, true believers, at least it will be, in the latter day; it is pleasantly situated by the river of God's love, and by the still waters of Gospel ordinances; it is governed by wholesome laws, of Christ's enacting, and is under proper officers, of his appointing; and is well guarded by watchmen, which he has set upon the walls of it; and it is endowed with many privileges, as access to God, freedom from the arrests of justice, and from condemnation, adoption, and a right to the heavenly inheritance: and this may be called "the city of God", because it is of his building, and here he dwells, and protects, and defends it; and who is styled "the living God", to distinguish him from the idols of the Gentiles, which are lifeless and inanimate, no other than sticks and stones.

The heavenly Jerusalem: the church of God goes by the name of Jerusalem often, both in the Old and in the New Testament; with which it agrees in its name, which signifies the vision of peace, or they shall see peace: Christ, the King of it, is the Prince of peace; the members of it are sons of peace, who enjoy a spiritual peace now, and an everlasting one hereafter: like that, it is compact together, consisting of saints, cemented together in love, in the order and fellowship of the Gospel; and is well fortified, God himself, and his power, being all around it, and having salvation, for walls and bulwarks, and being encamped about by angels; and it is a free city, being made so by Christ, and, through him, enjoying the liberty of grace now, and having a title to the liberty of glory in the world to come; as Jerusalem was, it is the object of God's choice, the palace of the great King, and the place of divine worship: it is called "heavenly", to distinguish it from the earthly Jerusalem; and to express the excellency of it, as well as to point out its original: the members of it are from heaven, being born from above; their conversation is now in heaven; and they are designed for that place; and its doctrines and ordinances are all from thence.

And to an innumerable company of angels; which are created spirits, immaterial and immortal; very knowing, and very powerful; and swift to do the will of God; they are holy, and immutably so, being the elect of God, and confirmed by Christ: and saints now are brought into a state of friendship with them; and into the same family; and are social worshippers with them; and they have access into heaven, where angels are; and with whom they shall dwell for ever: and, in the present state of things, they share the benefit and advantages of their kind offices; who have, sometimes, provided food for their bodies; healed their diseases; directed and preserved them on journeys; prevented outward calamities; delivered them out of them, when in danger; restrained things hurtful, and cut off their enemies: and, with regard to things spiritual they have, sometimes, made known the mind and will of God unto the saints; have comforted them under their distresses; helped them against Satan's temptations; are present at their death, and carry their souls to glory; and will gather the saints together, at the last day: and, as to the number of them, they are innumerable; they are the armies of heaven; and there is a multitude of the heavenly host; there are more than twelve legions of angels; their number is ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands: and this makes both for the glory and majesty of God, whose attendants they are; and for the comfort and safety of saints, to whom they minister, and about whom they encamp: a like phrase is used in the Apocrypha:

"Before the fair flowers were seen, or ever the moveable powers were established, before the innumerable multitude of angels were gathered together,'' (2 Esdras 6:3)