Teks -- Matthew 1:2 (NET)

1:2 Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers,

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Robertson: Mat 1:2 - Begat

Begat ( egennēsen ).

This word comes, like some of the early chapters of Genesis, with regularity through Mat 1:16, until the birth of Jesus is reached when there is a sudden change. The word itself does not always mean immediate parentage, but merely direct descent. In Mat 1:16 we have "Joseph the husband of Mary, from whom was begotten Jesus who is called Christ"(ton Iōsēph ton andra Marias ex hēs egennēthē Iēsous ho legomenos Christos ). The article occurs here each time with the object of "begat,"but not with the subject of the verb to distinguish sharply the proper names. In the case of David the King (Mat 1:6) and Joseph the husband of Mary (Mat 1:16) the article is repeated. The mention of the brethren of Judah (Mat 1:2) and of both Phares and Zara (Mat 1:3) may show that Matthew was not copying a family pedigree but making his own table. All the Greek manuscripts give Mat 1:16 as above save the Ferrar Group of minuscules which are supported by the Sinaitic Syriac Version. Because of this fact Von Soden, whose text Moffatt translates, deliberately prints his text " Jacob begat Jesus "(Iōsēph de egennēsen Iēsoun ). But the Sinaitic Syriac gives the Virgin Birth of Jesus in Mat 1:18-25. Hence it is clear that "begat"here in Mat 1:16 must merely mean line of descent or the text has been tampered with in order to get rid of the Virgin Birth idea, but it was left untouched in Mat 1:18-25. I have a full discussion of the problem in chapter XIV of Studies in the Text of the New Testament. The evidence as it now stands does not justify changing the text of the Greek uncials to suit the Sinaitic Syriac. The Virgin Birth of Jesus remains in Mat 1:16. The spelling of these Hebrew names in English is usually according to the Hebrew form, not the Greek. In the Greek itself the Hebrew spelling is often observed in violation of the Greek rules for the ending of words with no consonants save n, r, s. But the list is not spelled consistently in the Greek, now like the Hebrew as in Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, now like the Greek as in Judah, Solomon, Hezekiah, though the Hebrew style prevails.

JFB: Mat 1:2 - Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren

Only the fourth son of Jacob is here named, as it was from his loins that Messiah was to spring (Gen 49:10).

Clarke: Mat 1:2 - Abraham begat Isaac

Abraham begat Isaac - In this genealogy, those persons only, among the ancestors of Christ, which formed the direct line, as specified: hence no mention is made of Ishmael, the son of Abraham, nor of Esau, the son of Isaac; and of all the twelve patriarchs, or sons of Jacob, Judah alone is mentioned.

Calvin: Mat 1:2 - Jacob begat Judah and his brethren

2.Jacob begat Judah and his brethren While Matthew passes by in silence Ishmael, Abraham’s first-born, and Esau, who was Jacob’s elder brother, he properly assigns a place in the genealogy to the Twelve Patriarchs, on all of whom God had bestowed a similar favor of adoption. He therefore intimates, that the blessing promised in Christ does not refer to the tribe of Judah alone, but belongs equally to all the children of Jacob, whom God gathered into his Church, while Ishmael and Esau were treated as strangers. ⁸⁸

TSK: Mat 1:2 - Abraham // Isaac begat // Jacob begat

Abraham : Gen 21:2-5; Jos 24:2, Jos 24:3; 1Ch 1:28; Isa 51:2; Luk 3:34; Act 7:8; Rom 9:7-9; Heb 11:11, Heb 11:17, Heb 11:18

Isaac begat : Gen 25:26; Jos 24:4; 1Ch 1:34; Isa 41:8; Mal 1:2, Mal 1:3; Rom 9:10-13

Jacob begat : Gen 29:32-35, 30:5-20, Gen 35:16-19, 46:8-27, Gen 49:8-12; Exo 1:2-5; 1Ch 2:1-8, 1Ch 5:1, 1Ch 5:2; Luk 3:33, Luk 3:34; Act 7:8; Heb 7:14; Rev 7:5, Juda

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Poole: Mat 1:2 - And his brethren

The evangelist reckoneth the genealogy of our Saviour by three periods, reckoning thrice fourteen descents. The first period began in Abraham, Gen 21:2,3 and ended in David. The second began in Solomon, and ended in Jehoiachin. The third began with Jehoiachin, and ended in Christ. Luke (as we shall see in its place) fetcheth our Saviour’ s line from Adam. From Abraham to David there is no difference between Matthew and Luke, they both reckoned up the same fourteen persons, Luk 3:32-34 . But Luke repeating our Saviour’ s pedigree by his mother’ s side, and Matthew by his supposed father’ s side, Joseph, after David they must differ, Mary descending from David’ s family by his son Nathan, Joseph descending from him by Solomon. All interpreters agree that there are great difficulties about the genealogy of Christ, especially in reconciling Matthew and Luke; and the enemies of Christianity have in all times made their advantage of them, to weaken our faith as to the gospel: but Christians ought to consider,

1. That the Jews had without doubt perfect genealogies, and were more especially exact in keeping them as to the royal tribe of David, which was Judah, and the priestly tribe of Levi, that they might have a right king and high priest; and it cannot be expected that after seventeen hundred years almost we should make out genealogies as they could.

2. That they were very apt to make strifes about words and endless genealogies; as appears by the apostle’ s cautioning both Timothy and Titus against it, 1Ti 1:4 1Ti 6:4 Tit 3:9 .

3. That it had been a sufficient exception against Christ if they could have proved he had not lineally descended from David.

4. That though they cavilled at Christ for many things, yet they never made any such cavil.

5. That we are forbidden strife and endless labour about genealogy. And therefore it is the most unreasonable thing imaginable for us to make such little dissatisfactions grounds for us to question or disbelieve the gospel, because we can not untie every knot we meet with in a pedigree.

But in this first period no such difficulties occur; both the evangelists are agreed, and the Old Testament agrees with both. That Abraham begat Isaac (when he was an hundred years old) we are assured by Moses, Gen 21:2,5 ; that Isaac begat Jacob he also telleth us, Gen 25:26 . So also that Jacob begat Judah and his brethren, Gen 29:35 . Judah was Jacob’ s third son by Leah, and that son of whom dying Jacob prophesied, That him should his brethren praise, and to him should his father’ s children bow down. That the sceptre should not depart from Judah, nor the lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh came; and unto him should the gathering of the people be, Gen 49:8-10 . Though Saul, who was the first king of Israel, (given them in wrath), was of the tribe of Benjamin, 1Sa 9:21 ; yet David was of the tribe of Judah, in whose line the kingdom held unto the captivity.

And his brethren: the brethren of Judah are here mentioned, being the heads of the Jewish nation: Christ descended from Judah.

Lightfoot: Mat 1:2 - Judas

Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren;   

[Judas.] In Hebrew, Jehudah. Which word not only the Greeks, for want of the letter "h" in the middle of a word, but the Jews themselves, do contract into Judah; which occurs infinite times in the Jerusalem Talmud. The same person who is called R. Jose Bi R. Jehudah; in the next line is called R. Jose Bi R. Judah...

Haydock: Mat 1:2

He begins with Abraham, the father of the faithful, because to him the promise was made, that all generations should be blessed in his seed. (Theophylactus)

Gill: Mat 1:2 - Abraham begat Isaac // Isaac begat Jacob // Jacob begat Judas and his brethren

Abraham begat Isaac,.... The descent of Christ from Abraham is in the line of Isaac; Abraham begat Ishmael before Isaac, and others after him, but they are not mentioned; because the Messiah was not to spring from any of them, but from Isaac, of whom it is said, "in Isaac shall thy seed be called", Gen 21:12 and who, as he was a progenitor, so an eminent type of Christ; being Abraham's only beloved son; and particularly in the binding, sacrifice and deliverance of him.

Isaac begat Jacob. The genealogy of Christ proceeds from Isaac, in the line of Jacob. Isaac begat Esau, as well as Jacob, and they two were twins, but one was loved, and the other hated; wherefore no mention is made of Esau, he had no concern in the Messiah, nor was he to spring from him, but from Jacob, or Israel, by whose name he is sometimes called, Isa 49:3

Jacob begat Judas and his brethren. The lineage of Christ is carried on from Jacob in the line of Judah; the reason of which is, because it was particularly prophesied that the Messiah, Shiloh, the prince and chief ruler, should be of him, Gen 49:10 1Ch 5:2. And it is evident beyond all contradiction, that our Lord sprung from his tribe, Heb 7:14. The reason why the brethren of Judah, who were eleven in number, are mentioned, when the brethren of Isaac and Jacob are not, is, because though the Messiah did not spring from them, yet the promise of him was made to the twelve tribes, who all expected him, and to whom he was sent, and came. These made but one body of men, and therefore, though the Messiah came from the tribe of Judah, yet he is said to be of them all, Rom 9:4.