Teks -- 2 Peter 2:22 (NET)

2:22 They are illustrations of this true proverb: “A dog returns to its own vomit,” and “A sow, after washing herself, wallows in the mire.”

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: 2Pe 2:22 - It has happened

It has happened ( sumbebēken ).

Perfect active indicative of sumbainō , for which see 1Pe 4:12.

Robertson: 2Pe 2:22 - According to the true proverb

According to the true proverb ( to tēs alēthous paroimias ).

"The word (to used absolutely, the matter of, as in Mat 21:21; Jam 4:14) of the true proverb"(paroimia a wayside saying, for which see Joh 10:6; Joh 16:25, Joh 16:29). The first proverb here given comes from Pro 26:11. Exerama is a late and rare word (here only in N.T., in Diosc. and Eustath.) from exeraō , to vomit.

Robertson: 2Pe 2:22 - The sow that had washed

The sow that had washed ( hūs lousamenē ).

Hūs , old word for hog, here only in N.T. Participle first aorist direct middle of louō shows that it is feminine (anarthrous). This second proverb does not occur in the O.T., probably from a Gentile source because about the habit of hogs. Epictetus and other writers moralize on the habit of hogs, having once bathed in a filthy mud-hole, to delight in it.

Robertson: 2Pe 2:22 - To wallowing

To wallowing ( eis kulismon ).

"To rolling."Late and rare word (from kuliō , Mar 9:20), here only in N.T.

Robertson: 2Pe 2:22 - In the mire

In the mire ( borborou ).

Objective genitive, old word for dung, mire, here only in N.T. J. Rendel Harris ( Story of Ahikar , p. LXVII) tells of a story about a hog that went to the bath with people of quality, but on coming out saw a stinking drain and went and rolled himself in it.

Vincent: 2Pe 2:22 - According to the true proverb

According to the true proverb ( τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας )

Lit., that of the true proverb, or the matter of the proverb. For a similar construction see Mat 21:21, that of the fig-tree; Mat 8:33, the things of those possessed. On proverb see notes on Mat 13:3.

Vincent: 2Pe 2:22 - Vomit

Vomit ( ἐξέραμα )

Only here in New Testament.

Vincent: 2Pe 2:22 - Wallowing

Wallowing ( κυλισμὸν )

Only here in New Testament.

Vincent: 2Pe 2:22 - Mire

Mire ( βορβόρου )

Only here in New Testament. This use of dogs and swine together recalls Mat 7:6.

Wesley: 2Pe 2:22 - The dog, the sow

Such are all men in the sight of God before they receive his grace, and after they have made shipwreck of the faith. Pro 26:11.

JFB: 2Pe 2:22 - But

You need not wonder at the event; for dogs and swine they were before, and dogs and swine they will continue. They "scarcely" (2Pe 2:18) have escaped from their filthy folly, when they again are entangled in it. Then they seduce others who have in like manner "for a little time escaped from them that live in error" (2Pe 2:18). Peter often quoted Proverbs in his First Epistle (1Pe 1:7; 1Pe 2:17; 1Pe 4:8, 1Pe 4:18); another proof that both Epistles come from the same writer.

Clarke: 2Pe 2:22 - According to the true proverb

According to the true proverb - This seems to be a reference to Pro 26:11 : ככלב שב אל קאו kekeleb shab al keo ; as the dog returneth to his vomit, so a fool repeateth his folly. In substance this proverb is found among the rabbins; so Midrash Ruth, in Sohar Chadash, fol. 62: Orphah is returned to her mire, Ruth persevered in spirit; and again, Ibid. fol. 64: "Orphah, which is נפש הבהמית nephesh habbehemith , the bestial soul, is returned to her mire.

The Greeks have something like it; so Arrian, Dissert. Epict. l. iv. c. 11, says: Απελθε και χοιρῳ διαλεγου, ἱν ’ εν βορβορῳ μη κυλιηται, "Go and reason with the swine, lest he be rolled in the mire."This is called a true proverb: for it is a fact that a dog will eat up his own vomit; and the swine, howsoever carefully washed, will again wallow in the mire. As applied here it is very expressive: the poor sinner, having heard the Gospel of Christ, was led to loathe and reject his sin; and, on his application to God for mercy, was washed from his unrighteousness. But he is here represented as taking up again what he had before rejected, and defiling himself in that from which he had been cleansed

Here is a sad proof of the possibility of falling from grace, and from very high degrees of it too. These had escaped from the contagion that was in the world; they had had true repentance, and cast up "their soursweet morsel of sin;"they had been washed from all their filthiness, and this must have been through the blood of the Lamb; yet, after all, they went back, got entangled with their old sins, swallowed down their formerly rejected lusts, and rewallowed in the mire of corruption. It is no wonder that God should say, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning: reason and nature say it must be so; and Divine justice says it ought to be so; and the person himself must confess that it is right that it should be so. But how dreadful is this state! How dangerous when the person has abandoned himself to his old sins! Yet it is not said that it is impossible for him to return to his Maker; though his case be deplorable, it is not utterly hopeless; the leper may yet be made clean, and the dead may be raised. Reader, is thy backsliding a grief and burden to thee? Then thou art not far from the kingdom of God; believe on the Lord Jesus, and thou shalt be saved.

Calvin: 2Pe 2:22 - But it has happened unto them

22.But it has happened unto them As the example disturbs many, when men who had submitted to the obedience of Christ, rush headlong into vices without fear or shame, the Apostle, in order to remove the offense, says that this happens through their own fault, and that because they are pigs and dogs. It hence follows that no part of the sin can be ascribed to the gospel.

For this purpose he quotes two ancient proverbs, the first of which is found as the saying of Solomon in Pro 26:11. But what Peter meant is briefly this, that the gospel is a medicine which purges us by wholesome vomiting, but that there are many dogs who swallow again what they have vomited to their own ruin; and that the gospel is also a laver which cleanses all our uncleanness, but that there are many swine who, immediately after washing, roll themselves again in the mud. At the same time the godly are reminded to take heed to themselves, except they wish to be deemed dogs or swine.

Defender: 2Pe 2:22 - proverb

Pro 26:11 is cited here in part."

TSK: 2Pe 2:22 - The dog

The dog : Pro 26:11

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 2Pe 2:22 - But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb // The dog is turned to his own vomit again // The sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire

But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb: this is added, to prevent the scandal that might arise from their apostacy; q.d. It is not to be wondered at that they are again entangled in and overcome by their former pollutions, when there never was a thorough change wrought in their hearts. Dogs and swine (beasts unclean by the law) they still were, under the greatest appearances of reformation, and such they now show themselves to be by their vile apostacy.

The dog is turned to his own vomit again: as dogs vomit up what is burdensome to them, but, still being dogs, and not having changed their natures by easing their stomachs, lick up their own vomit again; so these, under a fit of conviction, through the power of the word, disgorge those sins which burdened their consciences, but having thereby gotten some ease, and their old nature and love to their former lusts still remaining, they again return to the same sins they had for a time forsaken.

The sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire: as swine, that naturally love the dirt and mire, if sometimes they be washed from it, yet, still retaining their former disposition, return again to it; so likewise these here mentioned, however they may be washed from the pollutions of the world, and by the preaching of the gospel brought off from their former ways of sin, and brought into a profession of holiness, yet, still retaining their old nature and corrupt dispositions, they are easily prevailed over by them, and so relapse into their former abominations.

Gill: 2Pe 2:22 - But it is happened unto them, according to the true proverb // The dog is turned to his own vomit again, and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire

But it is happened unto them, according to the true proverb,.... Which is true, both in fact and in the application of it, and which lies in the Scriptures of truth, at least the first part of it, Pro 26:11.

The dog is turned to his own vomit again, and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire; which expresses the filthy nature of sin, signified by vomit, mire, and dirt, than which nothing is more abominable and defiling; and also the just characters of these apostates, who are filly compared to dogs and swine and likewise their irreclaimable and irrecoverable state and condition, it being impossible they should be otherwise, unless their natures were changed and altered. In the Hebrew language, a "sow" is called חזיר, from the root חזר, which signifies to "return", because that creature, as soon as it is out of the mire and dirt, and is washed from its filthiness, naturally returns to it again: so such apostates return to what they were before, to their former principles and practices: in this manner the Jews explain the proverb,

"Tobiah returns to Tobiah, as it is said, Pro 26:11; as a dog returneth to his vomit ^r.''