Teks -- Acts 16:22 (NET)

16:22 The crowd joined the attack against them, and the magistrates tore the clothes off Paul and Silas and ordered them to be beaten with rods.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Act 16:22 - Rose up together

Rose up together ( sunepestē ).

Second aorist (ingressive) active of the double compound sunephistēmi , intransitive, old verb, but only here in the N.T. (cf. katepestēsan in Act 18:12). There was no actual attack of the mob as Paul and Silas were in the hands of the officers, but a sudden and violent uprising of the people, the appeal to race and national prejudice having raised a ferment.

Robertson: Act 16:22 - Rent their garments off them

Rent their garments off them ( perirēxantes autōn ta himatia ).

First aorist active participle of perirēgnumi , old verb, to break off all around, to strip or rend all round. Here only in the N.T. The duumvirs probably gave orders for Paul and Silas to be stripped of their outer garments (himatia ), though not actually doing it with their own hands, least of all not stripping off their own garments in horror as Ramsay thinks. That would call for the middle voice. In II Macc. 4:38 the active voice is used as here of stripping off the garments of others. Paul in 1Th 2:2 refers to the shameful treatment received in Philippi, "insulted"(hubristhentas ). As a Roman citizen this was unlawful, but the duumvirs looked on Paul and Silas as vagabond and seditious Jews and "acted with the highhandedness characteristic of the fussy provincial authorities"(Knowling).

Robertson: Act 16:22 - Commanded

Commanded ( ekeleuon ).

Imperfect active, repeatedly ordered. The usual formula of command was: "Go, lictors; strip off their garments; let them be scourged."

Robertson: Act 16:22 - To beat them with rods

To beat them with rods ( rhabdizein ).

Present active infinitive of rhabdizō , old verb, but in the N.T.= virgis caedere only here and 2Co 11:25 where Paul alludes to this incident and two others not given by Luke (tris erhabdisthēn ). He came near getting another in Jerusalem (Act 22:25). Why did not Paul say here that he was a Roman citizen as he does later (Act 16:37) and in Jerusalem (Act 22:26.)? It might have done no good in this hubbub and no opportunity was allowed for defence of any kind.

Vincent: Act 16:22 - Rent off their clothes

Rent off their clothes ( περιῤῥήξαντες )

Only here in New Testament. By the usual formula of command to the lictors: Go, lictors; strip off their garments; let them be scourged!

Vincent: Act 16:22 - To beat

To beat ( ῥαβδίζειν )

From ῥάβδος , a rod. Rev. properly adds, with rods.

JFB: Act 16:22 - the multitude rose up together against them

So Act 19:28, Act 19:34; Act 21:30; Luk 23:18.

JFB: Act 16:22 - the magistrates rent off their

Paul's and Silas'

JFB: Act 16:22 - clothes

That is, ordered the lictors, or rod-bearers, to tear them off, so as to expose their naked bodies (see on Act 16:37). The word expresses the roughness with which this was done to prisoners preparatory to whipping.

JFB: Act 16:22 - and commanded to beat them

Without any trial (Act 16:37), to appease the popular rage. Thrice, it seems, Paul endured this indignity (2Co 11:25).

Clarke: Act 16:22 - The multitude rose up together

The multitude rose up together - There was a general outcry against them; and the magistrates tore off their clothes, and delivered them to the mob, commanding the lictors, or beadles, to beat them with rods, ῥαβδιζειν . This was the Roman custom of treating criminals, as Grotius has well remarked.

Calvin: Act 16:22 - The multitude came together // Renting their garments

22.The multitude came together When Luke declareth that there was great encourses of the people made, after that a few men of no reputation, to wit, such as did juggle and cozen to get gain, and whose filthiness was well known, had made some stir; he reacheth with what fury the world rageth against Christ. Foolishness and inconstancy are indeed common vices among all people, and almost continual, but the wonderful force of Satan doth therein betray itself, in that those who are in other matters modest and quiet, are for a matter of no importance in a heat, − ²⁰⁵ and became companions of most vile persons, when the truth must be resisted. There was never a whit more modesty to be found in the judges themselves, if we consider what was their duty. For they ought, by their gravity, to have appeased the fury of the people, and to have set themselves stoutly against their violence, they ought to have aided and defended the guiltless; but they lay hands on them outrageously, and renting their garments, they command them to be stripped naked and whipt before they know the matter. Surely the malice of men is to be lamented; − ²⁰⁶ whereby it came to pass, that almost all the judgment-seats of the world, which ought to have been sanctuaries of justice, have been polluted with the wicked and sacrilegious oppugning of the gospel. −

Notwithstanding, the question is, why they were cast in prison, seeing that they were already punished, for the prison was ordained for the keeping of men? They used this kind of correction, until they might know more; and so we see the servants of Christ more sharply handled than adulterers, robbers, and other most vile persons. − ²⁰⁷ Whereby appeareth more plainly that force of Satan in stirring up the minds of men, that they observe no show of judgment in persecuting the gospel. But though the godly be more hardly handled for defending the truth of Christ, than are the wicked for their wickedness; yet it goeth well with the godly, because they triumph gloriously before God and his angels in all injuries which they suffer. They suffer reproach and slander; but because they know that the marks of Christ are in greater price and more esteemed in heaven than the vain pomps of the earth, the more wickedly and reproachfully the world doth vex them, the greater cause have they to rejoice. For if profane writers did so honor Themistocles, that they preferred his prison before the seat and court of judges; how much more honorably must we think of the Son of God, whose cause is in hand so often as the faithful suffer persecution for the gospel? Therefore, though the Lord suffered Paul and Silas to be scourged and imprisoned by the wicked judges, yet he did not suffer them to be put to any shame, but that which turned to their greater renown. For seeing that those persecutions, which we must suffer for the testimony of the gospel, are remnants of the sufferings of Christ; like as our Prince turned the cross, which was accursed, into a triumphant [triumphal] chariot, so he shall, in like sort, adorn the prisons and gibbets of his, that they may there triumph over Satan and all the wicked. −

Renting their garments Because the old interpreter had truly translated this, it was evil done of Erasmus to change it, that the magistrates did rent their own garments. For this was Luke’s meaning only, that the holy men were outrageously − ²⁰⁸ beaten, the lawful order of judgment being neglected, and that they laid hands on them with such violence that their garments were rent. And this had been too far disagreeing with the custom of Romans, for the judges to cut [rend] their own garments publicly in the market-place; especially seeing the question was concerning an unknown religion, for which they did not greatly care; but I will not long stand about a plain matter.

TSK: Act 16:22 - the multitude // the magistrates

the multitude : Act 17:5, Act 18:12, Act 19:28-41, Act 21:30,Act 21:31, Act 22:22, Act 22:23

the magistrates : Act 16:37, Act 5:40, Act 22:24-26; Mat 10:17, Mat 27:26; 2Co 6:5, 2Co 11:23-25; 1Th 2:2; Heb 11:36; 1Pe 2:24

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Act 16:22 - The multitude // Rent off their clothes

The multitude generality and unanimity alone cannot authorize opinions or practices.

Rent off their clothes Paul’ s and Silas’ s clothes, to disgrace them the more, or in order unto their being scourged; though some think that the magistrates rent their own clolhes, in detestation of the pretended blasphemy which was laid to Paul’ s charge, as the high priest did, Mar 14:63 .

Gill: Act 16:22 - And the multitude rose up together against them // and the magistrates rent off their clothes // and commanded to beat them

And the multitude rose up together against them,.... The crowd of people that were gathered together in the court on this occasion; being no doubt spirited up by the proprietors of the maid, out of whom the spirit of divination was cast, and encouraged by the rulers, and being provoked at the hearing of unlawful customs being introduced among them;

and the magistrates rent off their clothes; not their own clothes, as did the high priest, Mar 14:63 but the clothes of Paul and Silas; and so reads the Arabic version, "and the rulers rent the garments of both of them"; which removes the ambiguity in the words; for at the whipping or beating of malefactors, they did not pluck off their garments, but rent and tore them off, and so whipped or beat them naked: this was the custom with the Jews ^m; it is asked,

"how did they whip anyone? his hands are bound to a pillar here and there, and the minister of the synagogue (or the executioner) takes hold of his clothes; and if they are rent, they are rent, and if they are ripped, they are ripped, (be it as it will,) until he has made his breast bare, &c.''

And in like manner the Lectors, or executioners among the Romans, used to tear the garments of malefactors, when they beat them; this the magistrates themselves did here, unless they may be said to do it, because they ordered it to be done, as follows:

and commanded to beat them; that is, with rods: this was one of the three times the apostle was beat in this manner, 2Co 11:25 and of this shameful treatment at Philippi, he makes mention in 1Th 2:2.