Yehezkiel 1:26-27

1:26 Above the platform over their heads was something like a sapphire shaped like a throne. High above on the throne was a form that appeared to be a man. 1:27 I saw an amber glow ¹  like a fire enclosed all around ²  from his waist up. From his waist down I saw something that looked like fire. There was a brilliant light around it,

Yehezkiel 4:14

4:14 And I said, “Ah, sovereign Lord, I have never been ceremonially defiled before. I have never eaten a carcass or an animal torn by wild beasts; from my youth up, unclean meat ³  has never entered my mouth.”

Yehezkiel 5:1-2

5:1 “As for you, son of man, take a sharp sword and use it as a barber’s razor. ⁴  Shave off some of the hair from your head and your beard. ⁵  Then take scales and divide up the hair you cut off. 5:2 Burn a third of it in the fire inside the city when the days of your siege are completed. Take a third and slash it with a sword all around the city. Scatter a third to the wind, and I will unleash a sword behind them.

Yehezkiel 5:12

5:12 A third of your people will die of plague or be overcome by the famine within you. ⁶  A third of your people will fall by the sword surrounding you, ⁷  and a third I will scatter to the winds. I will unleash a sword behind them.

Yehezkiel 5:15-16

5:15 You will be ⁸  an object of scorn and taunting, ⁹  a prime example of destruction ¹⁰  among the nations around you when I execute judgments against you in anger and raging fury. ¹¹  I, the Lord, have spoken! 5:16 I will shoot against them deadly, ¹²  destructive ¹³  arrows of famine, ¹⁴  which I will shoot to destroy you. ¹⁵  I will prolong a famine on you and will remove the bread supply. ¹⁶ 

Yehezkiel 6:11

6:11 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Clap your hands, stamp your feet, and say, “Ah!” because of all the evil, abominable practices of the house of Israel, for they will fall by the sword, famine, and pestilence. ¹⁷ 

Yehezkiel 7:19

7:19 They will discard their silver in the streets, and their gold will be treated like filth. ¹⁸  Their silver and gold will not be able to deliver them on the day of the Lord’s fury. ¹⁹  They will not satisfy their hunger or fill their stomachs because their wealth ²⁰  was the obstacle leading to their iniquity. ²¹ 

Yehezkiel 8:2

8:2 As I watched, I noticed ²²  a form that appeared to be a man. ²³  From his waist downward was something like fire, ²⁴  and from his waist upward something like a brightness, ²⁵  like an amber glow. ²⁶ 

Yehezkiel 8:10

8:10 So I went in and looked. I noticed every figure ²⁷  of creeping thing and beast – detestable images ²⁸  – and every idol of the house of Israel, engraved on the wall all around. ²⁹ 

Yehezkiel 8:16

8:16 Then he brought me to the inner court of the Lord’s house. Right there ³⁰  at the entrance to the Lord’s temple, between the porch and the altar, ³¹  were about twenty-five ³²  men with their backs to the Lord’s temple, ³³  facing east – they were worshiping the sun ³⁴  toward the east!

Yehezkiel 9:8

9:8 While they were striking them down, I was left alone, and I threw myself face down and cried out, “Ah, sovereign Lord! Will you destroy the entire remnant of Israel when you pour out your fury on Jerusalem?”

Yehezkiel 11:12

11:12 Then you will know that I am the Lord, whose statutes you have not followed and whose regulations you have not carried out. Instead you have behaved according to the regulations of the nations around you!’”

Yehezkiel 11:15

11:15 “Son of man, your brothers, ³⁵  your relatives, ³⁶  and the whole house of Israel, all of them are those to whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem ³⁷  have said, ‘They have gone ³⁸  far away from the Lord; to us this land has been given as a possession.’

Yehezkiel 12:2

12:2 “Son of man, you are living in the midst of a rebellious house. ³⁹  They have eyes to see, but do not see, and ears to hear, but do not hear, ⁴⁰  because they are a rebellious house.

Yehezkiel 12:13

12:13 But I will throw my net over him, and he will be caught in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon, the land of the Chaldeans ⁴¹  (but he will not see it), ⁴²  and there he will die. ⁴³ 

Yehezkiel 13:9

13:9 My hand will be against the prophets who see delusion and announce lying omens. They will not be included in the council ⁴⁴  of my people, nor be written in the registry ⁴⁵  of the house of Israel, nor enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the sovereign Lord.

Yehezkiel 13:14

13:14 I will break down the wall you coated with whitewash and knock it to the ground so that its foundation is exposed. When it falls you will be destroyed beneath it, ⁴⁶  and you will know that I am the Lord.

Yehezkiel 14:9

14:9 “‘As for the prophet, if he is made a fool by being deceived into speaking a prophetic word – I, the Lord, have made a fool of ⁴⁷  that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from among my people Israel.

Yehezkiel 16:5

16:5 No eye took pity on you to do even one of these things for you to spare you; ⁴⁸  you were thrown out into the open field ⁴⁹  because you were detested on the day you were born.

Yehezkiel 16:19

16:19 As for my food that I gave you – the fine flour, olive oil, and honey I fed you – you placed it before them as a soothing aroma. That is exactly what happened, declares the sovereign Lord.

Yehezkiel 16:27

16:27 So see here, I have stretched out my hand against you and cut off your rations. I have delivered you into the power of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed by your obscene conduct.

Yehezkiel 16:37

16:37 therefore, take note: I am about to gather all your lovers whom you enjoyed, both all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around, and I will expose your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. ⁵⁰ 

Yehezkiel 16:47

16:47 Have you not copied their behavior ⁵¹  and practiced their abominable deeds? In a short time ⁵²  you became even more depraved in all your conduct than they were!

Yehezkiel 16:49

16:49 “‘See here – this was the iniquity ⁵³  of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters had majesty, abundance of food, and enjoyed carefree ease, but they did not help ⁵⁴  the poor and needy.

Yehezkiel 17:12

17:12 “Say to the rebellious house of Israel: ⁵⁵  ‘Don’t you know what these things mean?’ ⁵⁶  Say: ‘See here, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem ⁵⁷  and took her king and her officials prisoner and brought them to himself in Babylon.

Yehezkiel 17:16

17:16 “‘As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, surely in the city ⁵⁸  of the king who crowned him, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke – in the middle of Babylon he will die!

Yehezkiel 17:22

17:22 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘I will take a sprig ⁵⁹  from the lofty top of the cedar and plant it. ⁶⁰ 

I will pluck from the top one of its tender twigs;

I myself will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.

Yehezkiel 18:30

18:30 “Therefore I will judge each person according to his conduct, ⁶¹  O house of Israel, declares the sovereign Lord. Repent ⁶²  and turn from all your wickedness; then it will not be an obstacle leading to iniquity. ⁶³ 

Yehezkiel 20:3

20:3 “Son of man, speak to the elders of Israel, and tell them: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Are you coming to seek me? As surely as I live, I will not allow you to seek me, ⁶⁴  declares the sovereign Lord.’

Yehezkiel 20:9

20:9 I acted for the sake of my reputation, ⁶⁵  so that I would not be profaned before the nations among whom they lived, ⁶⁶  before whom I revealed myself by bringing them out of the land of Egypt. ⁶⁷ 

Yehezkiel 20:22

20:22 But I refrained from doing so, ⁶⁸  and acted instead for the sake of my reputation, so that I would not be profaned before the nations in whose sight I had brought them out.

Yehezkiel 20:38

20:38 I will eliminate from among you the rebels and those who revolt ⁶⁹  against me. I will bring them out from the land where they have been residing, but they will not come to the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the Lord.

Yehezkiel 20:41

20:41 When I bring you out from the nations and gather you from the lands where you are scattered, I will accept you along with your soothing aroma. I will display my holiness among you in the sight of the nations.

Yehezkiel 22:26

22:26 Her priests abuse my law and have desecrated my holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the profane, ⁷⁰  or recognize any distinction between the unclean and the clean. They ignore ⁷¹  my Sabbaths and I am profaned in their midst.

Yehezkiel 23:4

23:4 Oholah was the name of the older and Oholibah ⁷²  the name of her younger sister. They became mine, and gave birth to sons and daughters. ⁷³  Oholah is Samaria and Oholibah is Jerusalem.

Yehezkiel 23:23

23:23 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, ⁷⁴  Shoa, ⁷⁵  and Koa, ⁷⁶  and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, all of them governors and officials, officers and nobles, all of them riding on horses.

Yehezkiel 24:14

24:14 “‘I the Lord have spoken; judgment ⁷⁷  is coming and I will act! I will not relent, or show pity, or be sorry! ⁷⁸  I will judge you ⁷⁹  according to your conduct ⁸⁰  and your deeds, declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 26:7

26:7 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Take note that ⁸¹  I am about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar ⁸²  of Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an army and hordes of people.

Yehezkiel 26:19-20

26:19 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: When I make you desolate like the uninhabited cities, when I bring up the deep over you and the surging ⁸³  waters overwhelm you, 26:20 then I will bring you down to bygone people, ⁸⁴  to be with those who descend to the pit. I will make you live in the lower parts of the earth, among ⁸⁵  the primeval ruins, with those who descend to the pit, so that you will not be inhabited or stand ⁸⁶  in the land of the living.

Yehezkiel 28:2

28:2 “Son of man, say to the prince ⁸⁷  of Tyre, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Your heart is proud ⁸⁸  and you said, “I am a god; ⁸⁹ 

I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas” –

yet you are a man and not a god,

though you think you are godlike. ⁹⁰ 

Yehezkiel 28:18

28:18 By the multitude of your iniquities, through the sinfulness of your trade,

you desecrated your sanctuaries.

So I drew fire out from within you;

it consumed you,

and I turned you to ashes on the earth

before the eyes of all who saw you.

Yehezkiel 28:25

28:25 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: When I regather the house of Israel from the peoples where they are dispersed, I will reveal my sovereign power ⁹¹  over them in the sight of the nations, and they will live in their land that I gave to my servant Jacob.

Yehezkiel 29:4

29:4 I will put hooks in your jaws

and stick the fish of your waterways to your scales.

I will haul you up from the midst of your waterways,

and all the fish of your waterways will stick to your scales.

Yehezkiel 29:19

29:19 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages.

Yehezkiel 30:13

30:13 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

I will destroy the idols,

and put an end to the gods of Memphis.

There will no longer be a prince from the land of Egypt;

so I will make the land of Egypt fearful. ⁹² 

Yehezkiel 30:21

30:21 “Son of man, I have broken the arm ⁹³  of Pharaoh king of Egypt. ⁹⁴  Look, it has not been bandaged for healing or set with a dressing so that it might become strong enough to grasp a sword.

Yehezkiel 32:24

32:24 “Elam is there with all her hordes around her grave; all of them struck down by the sword. They went down uncircumcised to the lower parts of the earth, those who spread terror in the land of the living. Now they will bear their shame with those who descend to the pit.

Yehezkiel 32:29

32:29 “Edom is there with her kings and all her princes. Despite their might they are laid with those killed by the sword; they lie with the uncircumcised and those who descend to the pit.

Yehezkiel 34:12

34:12 As a shepherd seeks out his flock when he is among his scattered sheep, so I will seek out my flock. I will rescue them from all the places where they have been scattered on a cloudy, dark day. ⁹⁵ 

Yehezkiel 34:18

34:18 Is it not enough for you to feed on the good pasture, that you must trample the rest of your pastures with your feet? When you drink clean water, must you muddy the rest of the water by trampling it with your feet?

Yehezkiel 34:27

34:27 The trees of the field will yield their fruit and the earth will yield its crops. They will live securely on their land; they will know that I am the Lord, when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hand of those who enslaved them.

Yehezkiel 35:3

35:3 Say to it, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Look, I am against you, Mount Seir;

I will stretch out my hand against you

and turn you into a desolate ruin.

Yehezkiel 36:20

36:20 But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name. It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’

Yehezkiel 36:32

36:32 Understand that ⁹⁶  it is not for your sake I am about to act, declares the sovereign Lord. Be ashamed and embarrassed by your behavior, O house of Israel.

Yehezkiel 36:35

36:35 They will say, “This desolate land has become like the garden of Eden; the ruined, desolate, and destroyed cities are now fortified and inhabited.”

Yehezkiel 37:12

37:12 Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise you from your graves, my people. I will bring you to the land of Israel.

Yehezkiel 37:21

37:21 Then tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land.

Yehezkiel 38:12

38:12 to loot and plunder, to attack ⁹⁷  the inhabited ruins and the people gathered from the nations, who are acquiring cattle and goods, who live at the center ⁹⁸  of the earth.”

Yehezkiel 38:20

38:20 The fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the wild beasts, all the things that creep on the ground, and all people who live on the face of the earth will shake ⁹⁹  at my presence. The mountains will topple, the cliffs ¹⁰⁰  will fall, and every wall will fall to the ground.

Yehezkiel 39:7

39:7 “‘I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel; I will not let my holy name be profaned anymore. Then the nations will know that I am the Lord, the Holy One of Israel. ¹⁰¹ 

Yehezkiel 39:9

39:9 “‘Then those who live in the cities of Israel will go out and use the weapons for kindling ¹⁰²  – the shields, ¹⁰³  bows and arrows, war clubs and spears – they will burn them for seven years.

Yehezkiel 39:21

39:21 “I will display my majesty ¹⁰⁴  among the nations. All the nations will witness the judgment I have executed, and the power I have exhibited ¹⁰⁵  among them.

Yehezkiel 42:11

42:11 with a passage in front of them. They looked like the chambers on the north. Of the same length and width, and all their exits according to their arrangements and entrances

Yehezkiel 44:9

44:9 This is what the sovereign Lord says: No foreigner, who is uncircumcised in heart and flesh among all the foreigners who are among the people of Israel, will enter into my sanctuary. ¹⁰⁶ 

Yehezkiel 44:12-13

44:12 Because they used to minister to them before their idols, and became a sinful obstacle ¹⁰⁷  to the house of Israel, consequently I have made a vow ¹⁰⁸  concerning them, declares the sovereign Lord, that they will be responsible ¹⁰⁹  for their sin. 44:13 They will not come near me to serve me as priest, nor will they come near any of my holy things, the things which are most sacred. They will bear the shame of the abominable deeds they have committed.

Yehezkiel 44:17

44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple.

Yehezkiel 45:23

45:23 And during the seven days of the feast he will provide as a burnt offering to the Lord seven bulls and seven rams, all without blemish, on each of the seven days, and a male goat daily for a sin offering.

Yehezkiel 46:17-18

46:17 But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; ¹¹⁰  then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons. 46:18 The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”

Yehezkiel 47:14

47:14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers; ¹¹¹  this land will be assigned as your inheritance. ¹¹² 

[1:27]  ¹ tn See Ezek 1:4.

[1:27]  ² tc The LXX lacks this phrase. Its absence from the LXX may be explained as a case of haplography resulting from homoioteleuton, skipping from כְּמַרְאֵה (kÿmar’eh) to מִמַּרְאֵה (mimmar’eh). On the other hand, the LXX presents a much more balanced verse structure when it is recognized that the final words of this verse belong in the next sentence.

[4:14]  ³ tn The Hebrew term refers to sacrificial meat not eaten by the appropriate time (Lev 7:18; 19:7).

[5:1]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew word occurs only here in the OT.

[5:1]  ⁵ tn Heb, “pass (it) over your head and your beard.”

[5:12]  ⁶ sn The judgment of plague and famine comes from the covenant curse (Lev 26:25-26). As in v. 10, the city of Jerusalem is figuratively addressed here.

[5:12]  ⁷ sn Judgment by plague, famine, and sword occurs in Jer 21:9; 27:13; Ezek 6:11, 12; 7:15.

[5:15]  ⁸ tc This reading is supported by the versions and by the Dead Sea Scrolls (11QEzek). Most Masoretic Hebrew mss read “it will be,” but if the final he (ה) is read as a mater lectionis, as it can be with the second masculine singular perfect, then they are in agreement. In either case the subject refers to Jerusalem.

[5:15]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew word occurs only here in the OT. A related verb means “revile, taunt” (see Ps 44:16).

[5:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “discipline and devastation.” These words are omitted in the Old Greek. The first term pictures Jerusalem as a recipient or example of divine discipline; the second depicts her as a desolate ruin (see Ezek 6:14).

[5:15]  ¹¹ tn Heb “in anger and in fury and in rebukes of fury.” The heaping up of synonyms emphasizes the degree of God’s anger.

[5:16]  ¹² tn The Hebrew word carries the basic idea of “bad, displeasing, injurious,” but when used of weapons has the nuance “deadly” (see Ps 144:10).

[5:16]  ¹³ tn Heb “which are/were to destroy.”

[5:16]  ¹⁴ tn The language of this verse may have been influenced by Deut 32:23.

[5:16]  ¹⁵ tn Or “which were to destroy those whom I will send to destroy you” (cf. NASB).

[5:16]  ¹⁶ tn Heb, “break the staff of bread.” The bread supply is compared to a staff that one uses for support. See 4:16, as well as the covenant curse in Lev 26:26.

[6:11]  ¹⁷ sn By the sword and by famine and by pestilence. A similar trilogy of punishments is mentioned in Lev 26:25-26. See also Jer 14:12; 21:9; 27:8, 13; 29:18).

[7:19]  ¹⁸ tn The Hebrew term can refer to menstrual impurity. The term also occurs at the end of v. 20.

[7:19]  ¹⁹ sn Compare Zeph 1:18.

[7:19]  ²⁰ tn Heb “it.” Apparently the subject is the silver and gold mentioned earlier (see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 1:102).

[7:19]  ²¹ tn The “stumbling block of their iniquity” is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (Ezek 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30; 44:12).

[8:2]  ²² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb (so also throughout the chapter).

[8:2]  ²³ tc The MT reads “fire” rather than “man,” the reading of the LXX. The nouns are very similar in Hebrew.

[8:2]  ²⁴ tc The MT reads “what appeared to be his waist and downwards was fire.” The LXX omits “what appeared to be,” reading “from his waist to below was fire.” Suggesting that “like what appeared to be” belongs before “fire,” D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 1:277) points out the resulting poetic symmetry of form with the next line as followed in the translation here.

[8:2]  ²⁵ tc The LXX omits “like a brightness.”

[8:2]  ²⁶ tn See Ezek 1:4.

[8:10]  ²⁷ tn Or “pattern.”

[8:10]  ²⁸ tn Heb “detestable.” The word is often used to describe the figures of foreign gods.

[8:10]  ²⁹ sn These engravings were prohibited in the Mosaic law (Deut 4:16-18).

[8:16]  ³⁰ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something.

[8:16]  ³¹ sn The priests prayed to God between the porch and the altar on fast days (Joel 2:17). This is the location where Zechariah was murdered (Matt 23:35).

[8:16]  ³² tc The LXX reads “twenty” instead of twenty-five, perhaps because of the association of the number twenty with the Mesopotamian sun god Shamash.

[8:16]  tn Or “exactly twenty-five.”

[8:16]  ³³ sn The temple faced east.

[8:16]  ³⁴ tn Or “the sun god.”

[8:16]  sn The worship of astral entities may have begun during the reign of Manasseh (2 Kgs 21:5).

[11:15]  ³⁵ tc The MT reads “your brothers, your brothers” either for empahsis (D. I. Block, Ezekiel [NICOT], 1:341, n. 1; 346) or as a result of dittography.

[11:15]  ³⁶ tc The MT reads גְאֻלָּתֶךָ (gÿ’ullatekha, “your redemption-men”), referring to the relatives responsible for deliverance in times of hardship (see Lev 25:25-55). The LXX and Syriac read “your fellow exiles,” assuming an underlying Hebrew text of גָלוּתֶךָ (galutekha) or having read the א (aleph) as an internal mater lectionis for holem.

[11:15]  ³⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[11:15]  ³⁸ tc The MT has an imperative form (“go far!”), but it may be read with different vowels as a perfect verb (“they have gone far”).

[12:2]  ³⁹ sn The book of Ezekiel frequently refers to the Israelites as a rebellious house (Ezek 2:5, 6, 8; 3:9, 26-27; 12:2-3, 9, 25; 17:12; 24:3).

[12:2]  ⁴⁰ sn This verse is very similar to Isa 6:9-10.

[12:13]  ⁴¹ tn Or “Babylonians” (NCV, NLT).

[12:13]  sn The Chaldeans were a group of people in the country south of Babylon from which Nebuchadnezzar came. The Chaldean dynasty his father established became the name by which the Babylonians are regularly referred to in the book of Jeremiah, while Jeremiah’s contemporary, Ezekiel, uses both terms.

[12:13]  ⁴² sn He will not see it. This prediction was fulfilled in 2 Kgs 25:7 and Jer 52:11, which recount how Zedekiah was blinded before being deported to Babylon.

[12:13]  ⁴³ sn There he will die. This was fulfilled when King Zedekiah died in exile (Jer 52:11).

[13:9]  ⁴⁴ tn The Hebrew term may refer to the secret council of the Lord (Jer 23:18; Job 15:8), but here it more likely refers to a human council comprised of civic leaders (Gen 49:6; Jer 6:11; 15:17 Ps 64:3; 111:1).

[13:9]  ⁴⁵ tn The reference here is probably to a civil list (as in Ezra 2:16; Neh 7:64) rather than to a “book of life” (Exod 32:32; Isa 4:3; Ps 69:29; Dan 12:1). This registry may have been established at the making of David’s census (2 Sam 24:2, 9).

[13:14]  ⁴⁶ tn Or “within it,” referring to the city of Jerusalem.

[14:9]  ⁴⁷ tn The translation is uncertain due to difficulty both in determining the meaning of the verb’s stem and its conjugation in this context. In the Qal stem the basic meaning of the verbal root פָּתַה (patah) is “to be gullible, foolish.” The doubling stems (the Pual and Piel used in this verse) typically give such stative verbs a factitive sense, hence either “make gullible” (i.e., “entice”) or “make into a fool” (i.e., “to show to be a fool”). The latter represents the probable meaning of the term in Jer 20:7, 10 and is followed here (see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 1:193; R. Mosis “Ez 14, 1-11 - ein Ruf zur Umkehr,” BZ 19 [1975]: 166-69 and ThWAT 4:829-31). In this view, if a prophet speaks when not prompted by God, he will be shown to be a fool, but this does not reflect negatively on the Lord because it is God who shows him to be a fool. Secondly, the verb is in the perfect conjugation and may be translated “I have made a fool of him” or “I have enticed him,” or to show determination (see IBHS 439-41 §27.2f and g), or in certain syntactical constructions as future. Any of these may be plausible if the doubling stems used are understood in the sense of “making a fool of.” But if understood as “to make gullible,” more factors come into play. As the Hebrew verbal form is a perfect, it is often translated as present perfect: “I have enticed.” In this case the Lord states that he himself enticed the prophet to cooperate with the idolaters. Such enticement to sin would seem to be a violation of God’s moral character, but sometimes he does use such deception and enticement to sin as a form of punishment against those who have blatantly violated his moral will (see, e.g., 2 Sam 24). If one follows this line of interpretation in Ezek 14:9, one would have to assume that the prophet had already turned from God in his heart. However, the context gives no indication of this. Therefore, it is better to take the perfect as indicating certitude and to translate it with the future tense: “I will entice.” In this case the Lord announces that he will judge the prophet appropriately. If a prophet allows himself to be influenced by idolaters, then the Lord will use deception as a form of punishment against that deceived prophet. A comparison with the preceding oracles also favors this view. In 14:4 the perfect of certitude is used for emphasis (see “I will answer”), though in v. 7 a participle is employed. For a fuller discussion of this text, see R. B. Chisholm, Jr., “Does God Deceive?” BSac 155 (1998): 23-25.

[16:5]  ⁴⁸ sn These verbs, “pity” and “spare,” echo the judgment oracles in 5:11; 7:4, 9; 8:18; 9:5, 10.

[16:5]  ⁴⁹ sn A similar concept is found in Deut 32:10.

[16:37]  ⁵⁰ sn Harlots suffered degradation when their nakedness was exposed (Jer 13:22, 26; Hos 2:12; Nah 3:5).

[16:47]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “walked in their ways.”

[16:47]  ⁵² tn The Hebrew expression has a temporal meaning as illustrated by the use of the phrase in 2 Chr 12:7.

[16:49]  ⁵³ tn Or “guilt.”

[16:49]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “strengthen the hand of.”

[17:12]  ⁵⁵ tn The words “of Israel” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation as a clarification of the referent.

[17:12]  sn The book of Ezekiel frequently refers to the Israelites as a rebellious house (Ezek 2:5, 6, 8; 3:9, 26-27; 12:2-3, 9, 25; 17:12; 24:3).

[17:12]  ⁵⁶ sn The narrative description of this interpretation of the riddle is given in 2 Kgs 24:11-15.

[17:12]  ⁵⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[17:16]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “place.”

[17:22]  ⁵⁹ sn The language is analogous to messianic imagery in Isa 11:1; Zech 3:8; 6:4 although the technical terminology is not the same.

[17:22]  ⁶⁰ tc The LXX lacks “and plant it.”

[18:30]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “ways.”

[18:30]  ⁶² tn The verbs and persons in this verse are plural whereas the individual has been the subject of the chapter.

[18:30]  ⁶³ tn Or “leading to punishment.”

[20:3]  ⁶⁴ tn Or “I will not reveal myself to you.”

[20:9]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “for the sake of my name.”

[20:9]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “before the eyes of the nations in whose midst they were.”

[20:9]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “to whom I made myself known before their eyes to bring them out from the land of Egypt.” The translation understands the infinitive construct (“to bring them out”) as indicating manner. God’s deliverance of his people from Egypt was an act of self-revelation in that it displayed his power and his commitment to his promises.

[20:22]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “drew my hand back.” This idiom also occurs in Lam 2:8 and Ps 74:11.

[20:38]  ⁶⁹ tn See the note at 2:3.

[22:26]  ⁷⁰ tn Or “between the consecrated and the common.”

[22:26]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “hide their eyes from.” The idiom means to disregard or ignore something or someone (see Lev 20:4; 1 Sam 12:3; Prov 28:27; Isa 1:15).

[23:4]  ⁷² tn The names Oholah and Oholibah are both derived from the word meaning “tent.” The meaning of Oholah is “her tent,” while Oholibah means “my tent is in her.”

[23:4]  ⁷³ sn In this allegory the Lord is depicted as being the husband of two wives. The OT law prohibited a man from marrying sisters (Lev 18:18), but the practice is attested in the OT (cf. Jacob). The metaphor is utilized here for illustrative purposes and does not mean that the Lord condoned such a practice or bigamy in general.

[23:23]  ⁷⁴ sn Pekod was the name of an Aramean tribe (known as Puqudu in Mesopotamian texts) that lived in the region of the Tigris River.

[23:23]  ⁷⁵ sn Shoa was the name of a nomadic people (the Sutu) that lived in Mesopotamia.

[23:23]  ⁷⁶ sn Koa was the name of another Mesopotamian people group (the Qutu).

[24:14]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “it”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:14]  ⁷⁸ tn Or perhaps, “change my mind.”

[24:14]  ⁷⁹ tc Some medieval Hebrew mss and the major ancient versions read a first person verb here. Most Hebrew mss read have an indefinite subject, “they will judge you,” which could be translated, “you will be judged.”

[24:14]  ⁸⁰ tn Heb “ways.”

[26:7]  ⁸¹ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) draws attention to something.

[26:7]  ⁸² tn Heb “Nebuchadrezzar” is a variant and more correct spelling of Nebuchadnezzar, as the Babylonian name Nabu-kudurri-usur has an an “r” rather than an “n.”

[26:19]  ⁸³ tn Heb “many.”

[26:20]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “to the people of antiquity.”

[26:20]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “like.” The translation assumes an emendation of the preposition כְּ (kÿ, “like”), to בְּ (bÿ, “in, among”).

[26:20]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “and I will place beauty.” This reading makes little sense; many, following the lead of the LXX, emend the text to read “nor will you stand” with the negative particle before the preceding verb understood by ellipsis; see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:73. D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 2:47) offers another alternative, taking the apparent first person verb form as an archaic second feminine form and translating “nor radiate splendor.”

[28:2]  ⁸⁷ tn Or “ruler” (NIV, NCV).

[28:2]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “lifted up.”

[28:2]  sn See Prov 16:5.

[28:2]  ⁸⁹ tn Or “I am divine.”

[28:2]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “and you made your heart (mind) like the heart (mind) of gods.”

[28:25]  ⁹¹ tn Or “reveal my holiness.” See verse 22.

[30:13]  ⁹² tn Heb “I will put fear in the land of Egypt.”

[30:21]  ⁹³ sn The expression “breaking the arm” indicates the removal of power (Ps 10:15; 37:17; Job 38:15; Jer 48:25).

[30:21]  ⁹⁴ sn This may refer to the event recorded in Jer 37:5.

[34:12]  ⁹⁵ sn The imagery may reflect the overthrow of the Israelites by the Babylonians in 587/6 b.c.

[36:32]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “Let it be known.”

[38:12]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “to turn your hand against.”

[38:12]  ⁹⁸ tn The Hebrew term occurs elsewhere only in Judg 9:37. Perhaps it means “high point, top.”

[38:20]  ⁹⁹ tn Or “tremble.”

[38:20]  ¹⁰⁰ tn The term occurs only here and in Song of Songs 2:14.

[39:7]  ¹⁰¹ sn The basic sense of the word “holy” is “set apart from that which is commonplace, special, unique.” The Lord’s holiness is first and foremost his transcendent sovereignty as the ruler of the world. He is “set apart” from the world over which he rules. At the same time his holiness encompasses his moral authority, which derives from his royal position. As king he has the right to dictate to his subjects how they are to live; indeed his very own character sets the standard for proper behavior. This expression is a common title for the Lord in the book of Isaiah.

[39:9]  ¹⁰² tn Heb “burn and kindle the weapons.”

[39:9]  ¹⁰³ tn Two different types of shields are specified in the Hebrew text.

[39:21]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Or “my glory.”

[39:21]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Heb “my hand which I have placed.”

[44:9]  ¹⁰⁶ sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.

[44:12]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “a stumbling block of iniquity.” This is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (cf. also Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30).

[44:12]  ¹⁰⁸ tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”

[44:12]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Heb “will bear.”

[46:17]  ¹¹⁰ sn That is, the year of Jubilee (Lev 25:8-15).

[47:14]  ¹¹¹ sn Gen 15:9-21.

[47:14]  ¹¹² tn Heb “will fall to you as an inheritance.”