Teks -- 2 Corinthians 1:1 (NET)

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, to the church of God that is in Corinth, with all the saints who are in all Achaia.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: 2Co 1:1 - And Timothy

And Timothy ( kai Timotheos ).

Timothy is with Paul, having been sent on to Macedonia from Ephesus (Act 19:22). He is in no sense Corinthians-author any more than Sosthenes was in 1Co 1:1.

Robertson: 2Co 1:1 - In all Achaia

In all Achaia ( en holēi tēi Achaiāi ).

The Romans divided Greece into two provinces (Achaia and Macedonia). Macedonia included also Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly. Achaia was all of Greece south of this (both Attica and the Peloponnesus). The restored Corinth was made the capital of Achaia where the pro-consul resided (Act 18:12). He does not mention other churches in Achaia outside of the one in Corinth, but only "saints"(hagiois ). Athens was in Achaia, but it is not clear that there was as yet a church there, though some converts had been won (Act 17:34), and there was a church in Cenchreae, the eastern port of Corinth (Rom 16:1). Paul in 2Co 9:2 speaks of Achaia and Macedonia together. His language here would seem to cover the whole (holēi , all) of Achaia in his scope and not merely the environment around Corinth.

Vincent: 2Co 1:1 - Timothy our brother

Timothy our brother

Lit., the brother. Compare 1Co 1:1. Well known in the Christian brotherhood. When Paul writes to Timothy himself he calls him son " (Bengel). Timothy appears, not as amanuensis, nor as joint-author, but as joint-sender of the epistle.

Wesley: 2Co 1:1 - Timotheus our brother

St. Paul writing to Timotheus styled him his son; writing of him, his brother.

JFB: 2Co 1:1 - Timothy our brother

When writing to Timothy himself, he calls him "my son" (1Ti 1:18). Writing of him, "brother," and "my beloved son" (1Co 4:17). He had been sent before to Macedonia, and had met Paul at Philippi, when the apostle passed over from Troas to Macedonia (compare 2Co 2:12-13; see on 1Co 16:10-11).

JFB: 2Co 1:1 - in all Achaia

Comprising Hellas and the Peloponnese. The Gentiles themselves, and Annæus Gallio, the proconsul (Act 18:12-16), strongly testified their disapproval of the accusation brought by the Jews against Paul. Hence, the apostle was enabled to labor in the whole province of Achaia with such success as to establish several churches there (1Th 1:8; 2Th 1:4), where, writing from Corinth, he speaks of the "churches," namely, not only the Corinthian, but others also--Athens, Cenchrea, and, perhaps, Sicyon, Argos, &c. He addresses "the Church in Corinth," directly, and all "the saints" in the province, indirectly. In Gal 1:2 all the "churches" are addressed directly in the same circular Epistle. Hence, here he does not say, all the churches, but "all the saints."

Clarke: 2Co 1:1 - Paul, an apostle

Paul, an apostle - Paul, commissioned immediately by Jesus Christ himself, according to the will of God, to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. See on 1Co 1:1 (note)

Clarke: 2Co 1:1 - In all Achaia

In all Achaia - The whole of the Peloponnesus, or that country separated from the main land by the Isthmus of Corinth. From this we may learn that this epistle was not only sent to the Church at Corinth, but to all the Churches in that country.

Calvin: 2Co 1:1 - Paul an Apostle // To the Church of God

1.Paul an Apostle As to the reasons why he designates himself an Apostle of Christ, and adds that he has obtained this honor by the will of God, see the foregoing Epistle, where it has been observed that none are to be listened to but those, who have been sent by God, and speak from his mouth, and that, consequently, to secure authority for any one, two things are required — a call, and fidelity on the part of the person who is called, in the execution of his office. ²¹⁴ Both of these Paul claims for himself. The false apostles, it is true, do the same; but then, by usurping a title that does not belong to them, they gain nothing among the sons of God, who can with the utmost ease convict them of impertinence. Hence the mere name is not enough, if there be not the reality along with it, so that he who gives himself out as an Apostle must also show himself to be such by his work.

To the Church of God We must always keep it in view, his recognising a Church to exist, where there was such a conflux of evils. For the faults of individuals do not prevent a society that has genuine marks of religion ²¹⁵ from being recognised as a Church. ²¹⁶ But what does he mean by the expression — with all saints? Were those saints unconnected with the Church? I answer, that this phrase refers to believers, who were dispersed hither and thither, throughout various corners of the province — it being likely, that in that greatly disturbed period, when the enemies of Christ were everywhere venting their rage, many were scattered abroad, who could not conveniently hold sacred assemblies.

Defender: 2Co 1:1 - Corinth

Paul's previous epistle to the Corinthians had been written from Ephesus; this was written only a year or so later, probably from Philippi (Act 20:3-6)."

TSK: 2Co 1:1 - Paul // Timothy // the church // all // Achaia

Paul : Rom 1:1-5; 1Co 1:1; 1Ti 1:1; 2Ti 1:1

Timothy : Act 16:1; Rom 16:21; 1Co 16:10; Phi 1:1, Phi 2:19-22; Col 1:1, Col 1:2; 1Th 1:1; 2Th 1:1; Heb 13:23

the church : Act 18:1-11; 1Co 1:2

all : 1Co 6:11; Eph 1:1

Achaia : 2Co 9:2, 2Co 11:10; Act 18:12; Rom 15:26, Rom 16:5; 1Co 16:15; 1Th 1:7, 1Th 1:8

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Haydock: 2Co 1:1

St. Timothy, it appears, had been sent to Corinth to confirm the faithful in the doctrine which they had received from St. Paul. After he had fulfilled this commission, he returned to St. Paul, and gave him an account how they had behaved, and what good effects his first letter had produced. He styles him brother, to conciliate to him the esteem and respect of the Corinthians. This epistle is not merely addressed to the Corinthians, but to all Achaia, of which Corinth was the capital. (Estius) ---

Others think that Timothy had left Corinth before St. Paul's first epistle had arrived thither; and that this determined St. Paul to send Titus with another disciple thither. See 2 Corinthians xii. 18. From him St. Paul had the consolation to learn the happy effects produced by his first letter. See 2 Corinthians vi. 7. 11.

Gill: 2Co 1:1 - Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God // our brother // with all the saints which are in all Achaia

Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God,.... The inscription of this epistle is pretty much the same with that of the former; only whereas here he styles himself an apostle of Jesus Christ, there he says he was "called" to be one: for he did not assume that character and office without the call of Christ, and will of God; and which he chooses to mention, in opposition to the false apostles, who had neither. Likewise, in the inscription of the former epistle Sosthenes is joined with him; in this Timothy, whom he calls

our brother, not so much on account of his being a partaker of the same grace, as for his being a minister of the same Gospel: and he the rather mentions him, because he had sent him to them, to know their state, and was now returned to him with an account of it, and who joined and agreed with him in the substance of this epistle. Moreover, the former epistle is directed as "unto the church of God which is at Corinth"; so to all that call upon the name of Christ in every place; and this is directed also to the same church, together

with all the saints which are in all Achaia; which was a very considerable part of Greece, and of which Corinth was the metropolis: and the apostle's intention in directing it in this form was, that copies of this letter might be sent to them, who equally, with this church, stood in need of the reproofs, exhortations, and instructions which are in it.