Teks -- Isaiah 2:19 (NET)

2:19 They will go into caves in the rocky cliffs and into holes in the ground, trying to escape the dreadful judgment of the Lord and his royal splendor, when he rises up to terrify the earth.

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Wesley: Isa 2:19 - They

The idolatrous Israelites.

JFB: Isa 2:19

The fulfilment answers exactly to the threat (Isa 2:10).

JFB: Isa 2:19 - they

The idol-worshippers.

JFB: Isa 2:19 - caves

Abounding in Judea, a hilly country; hiding-places in times of alarm (1Sa 13:6).

JFB: Isa 2:19 - shake . . . earth

And the heavens also (Heb 12:26). Figure for severe and universal judgments.

Clarke: Isa 2:19-21

Into the holes of the rocks "Into caverns of rocks"- The country of Judea being mountainous and rocky, is full of caverns, as appears from the history of David’ s persecution under Saul. At En-gedi, in particular, there was a cave so large that David with six hundred men hid themselves in the sides of it; and Saul entered the mouth of the cave without perceiving that any one was there, 1 Samuel 24. Josephus, Antiq., lib. xiv., c. 15, and Bell. Jud., lib. 1, c. 16, tells us of a numerous gang of banditti, who, having infested the country, and being pursued by Herod with his army retired into certain caverns almost inaccessible, near Arbela in Galilee, where they were with great difficulty subdued. Some of these were natural, others artificial. "Beyond Damascus,"says Strabo, lib. xvi., "are two mountains called Trachones, from which the country has the name of Trachonitis; and from hence towards Arabia and Iturea, are certain rugged mountains, in which there are deep caverns, one of which will hold four thousand men."Tavernier, Voyage de Perse, part ii., chap. 4, speaks of a grot, between Aleppo and Bir, that would hold near three thousand horse. "Three hours distant from Sidon, about a mile from the sea, there runs along a high rocky mountain, in the sides of which are hewn a multitude of grots, all very little differing from each other. They have entrances about two feet square: on the inside you find in most or all of them a room of about four yards square. There are of these subterraneous caverns two hundred in number. It may, with probability at least, be concluded that these places were contrived for the use of the living, and not of the dead. Strabo describes the habitations of the Troglodytae to have been somewhat of this kind."- Maundrell, p. 118. The Horites, who dwelt in Mount Seir, were Troglodytae, as their name הרים horim , imports. But those mentioned by Strabo were on each side of the Arabian gulf. Mohammed (Koran, chap. 15 xxvi.) speaks of a tribe of Arabians, the tribe of Thamud, "who hewed houses out of the mountains, to secure themselves."Thus, "because of the Midianites, the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and caves and strong holds,"Jdg 6:2. To these they betook themselves for refuge in times of distress and hostile invasion: "When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, for the people were distressed, then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits,"1Sa 13:6, and see Jer 41:9. Therefore "to enter into the rock, to go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth,"was to them a very proper and familiar image to express terror and consternation. The prophet Hosea, Hos 10:8, hath carried the same image farther, and added great strength and spirit to it

"They shall say to the mountains, Cover us

And to the hills, Fall on us;

which image, together with these of Isaiah, is adopted by the sublime author of the Revelation, Rev 6:15, Rev 6:16, who frequently borrows his imagery from our prophet. - L.

Calvin: Isa 2:19 - And they shall enter into the holes of the rocks // From the presence of the terror of Jehovah, and from the glory of his majesty

19.And they shall enter into the holes of the rocks He had formerly used other words when addressing them in the second person, Enter into the rock, (Isa 2:10,) that he might inflict a severer stroke on their minds. But now he declares what they will do, and says that they must enter; and hence it is evident that the former statement was not an exhortation, but a severe denunciation of the wrath of God, in order to terrify wicked and obstinate men, who despise all warnings and all threatenings.

From the presence of the terror of Jehovah, and from the glory of his majesty What he adds about the terror of God must be understood to mean that terror which was thrown into them by the Chaldeans and Assyrians, whose hand he called a little before, and now also calls, the glory of God for God employed their agency to chastise his people. Although they were wicked and treacherous, yet they promoted the glory of God; for even the devil himself contributes in some way to the glory of God, though contrary to his wish. Thus he speaks of the Assyrians and Chaldeans, because in the punishments which the Lord will inflict on the Jews by their agency we may behold his glory

The same thing is confirmed by the word Arise, which means to go before the judgment-seat. In the phrase which immediately follows, לערץ הארף , ( laarotz haaretz,) to shake terribly the earth, there is an elegant allusion or play on words, which can hardly be conveyed in any other language. ⁴⁶ He says that the Lord ariseth, because he appears to sleep so long as he delays his judgments. But he ariseth, when he comes forth as a judge to inflict punishments on the wicked; so as to make it evident to men that nothing escapes the knowledge, or is hidden from the eyes, of Him who permits no crime to pass unpunished.

Defender: Isa 2:19 - shake terribly the earth

While the first nine verses of this chapter focus on the sins of Judah and Jerusalem (Isa 2:1), the coming judgment on the holy land is only a type of the judgment on the whole world in the last days. The remainder of the chapter leaps ahead to a vision of this great end-time judgment. Compare the same scene in Rev 6:15-17."

TSK: Isa 2:19 - And they // earth // for fear // when he

And they : Isa 2:10,Isa 2:21; 1Sa 13:6, 1Sa 14:11; Jer 16:16; Hos 10:8; Mic 7:17; Luk 23:30; Heb 11:38; Rev 6:15, Rev 9:6

earth : Heb. dust

for fear : Isa 2:10; 2Th 1:9

when he : Isa 30:32; Psa 7:6, Psa 18:6-15, Psa 76:7-9, Psa 114:5-7; Mic 1:3, Mic 1:4; Nah 1:3-6; Hab 3:3-14; Hag 2:6, Hag 2:21, Hag 2:22; Heb 12:26; 2Pe 3:10-13; Rev 6:12-14; Rev 11:13, Rev 11:19, Rev 16:18, Rev 20:11

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Poole: Isa 2:19 - They // To shake terribly the earth

They the idolatrous Israelites,

shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth their usual places of retreat in cases of danger; of which see Jos 10:16 Jud 6:2 1Sa 13:6 .

To shake terribly the earth either properly, or rather figuratively, to send dreadful judgments upon the inhabitants of the land.

Gill: Isa 2:19 - And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth // for fear of the Lord, and for the glory of his majesty // when be ariseth // to shake terribly the earth

And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth,.... That is, the worshippers of idols, as they are bid to do, Isa 2:10.

for fear of the Lord, and for the glory of his majesty; see Gill on Isa 2:10.

when be ariseth; out of his place; Jarchi says, at the day of judgment; but it respects the judgment of the great whore, and the time when Babylon the great shall come in remembrance before God:

to shake terribly the earth; at which earthquake, or shaking of the earth, that is, a revolution of the antichristian state, the tenth part of the city will fall, and seven thousand men of name be slain, Rev 9:13 and so the Targum paraphrases it,

"when he shall be revealed, to break in pieces the wicked of the earth;''

which will be done by him, as the vessels of a potter are broken to shivers, Rev 2:27.