Wahyu 1:17-18
Konteks1:17 When 1 I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but 2 he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last, 1:18 and the one who lives! I 3 was dead, but look, now I am alive – forever and ever – and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 4
Wahyu 1:2
Konteks1:2 who then 5 testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about 6 Jesus Christ.
Wahyu 8:1-13
Konteks8:1 Now 7 when the Lamb 8 opened the seventh seal there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. 8:2 Then 9 I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them. 8:3 Another 10 angel holding 11 a golden censer 12 came and was stationed 13 at the altar. A 14 large amount of incense was given to him to offer up, with the prayers of all the saints, on the golden altar that is before the throne. 8:4 The 15 smoke coming from the incense, 16 along with the prayers of the saints, ascended before God from the angel’s hand. 8:5 Then 17 the angel took the censer, filled it with fire from the altar, and threw it on the earth, and there were crashes of thunder, roaring, 18 flashes of lightning, and an earthquake.
8:6 Now 19 the seven angels holding 20 the seven trumpets prepared to blow them.
8:7 The 21 first angel blew his trumpet, and there was hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was thrown at the earth so that 22 a third of the earth was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up.
8:8 Then 23 the second angel blew his trumpet, and something like a great mountain of burning fire was thrown into the sea. A 24 third of the sea became blood, 8:9 and a third of the creatures 25 living in the sea died, and a third of the ships were completely destroyed. 26
8:10 Then 27 the third angel blew his trumpet, and a huge star burning like a torch fell from the sky; 28 it landed 29 on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water. 8:11 (Now 30 the name of the star is 31 Wormwood.) 32 So 33 a third of the waters became wormwood, 34 and many people died from these waters because they were poisoned. 35
8:12 Then 36 the fourth angel blew his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, and a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them were darkened. And there was no light for a third of the day 37 and for a third of the night likewise. 8:13 Then 38 I looked, and I heard an 39 eagle 40 flying directly overhead, 41 proclaiming with a loud voice, “Woe! Woe! Woe to those who live on the earth because of the remaining sounds of the trumpets of the three angels who are about to blow them!” 42
[1:17] 1 tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
[1:17] 2 tn Here the Greek conjunction καί (kai) has been translated as a contrastive (“but”) due to the contrast between the two clauses.
[1:18] 3 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[1:18] 4 tn Concerning “Hades” BDAG 19 s.v. ᾅδης 1 and 2 states: “Orig. proper noun, god of the nether world, ‘Hades’, then the nether world, Hades as place of the dead, Ac 2:27, 31 (Ps 15:10; Eccl 9:10; PGM 1, 179; 16, 8; Philo, Mos. 1, 195; Jos., Bell. 1, 596, Ant. 6, 332). Of Jonah’s fish ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου. In the depths, contrasted w. heaven ἕως (τοῦ) ᾅδου Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 (PsSol 15:10; cp.; Is 14:11, 15); ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ 16:23; ἐν ῝Αιδου ApcPt Rainer. Accessible by gates (but the pl. is also used [e.g. Hom., X., Ael. Aristid. 47, 20 K.=23 p. 450 D.] when only one gate is meant), hence πύλαι ᾅδου (Il. 5, 646; Is 38:10; Wsd 16:13; 3 Macc 5:51; Pss. Sol. 16:2. – Lucian, Menipp. 6 the magicians can open τοῦ ῝Αιδου τὰς πύλας and conduct people in and out safely) Mt 16:18…locked ἔχω τὰς κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου Rv 1:18 (the genitives are either obj. [Ps.-Apollod. 3, 12, 6, 10 Aeacus, the son of Zeus holds the κλεῖς τοῦ ῝Αιδου; SEG VIII, 574, 3 (III ad) τῷ τὰς κλεῖδας ἔχοντι τῶν καθ᾿ ῝Αιδου (restored)] or possess.; in the latter case death and Hades are personif.; s. 2)…Hades personif.…w. θάνατος (cp. Is 28:15; Job 38:17…) Rv 6:8; 20:13f.”
[1:18] sn In the OT, Hades was known as Sheol. It is the place where the unrighteous will reside (Matt 11:23; Luke 16:23; Rev 20:13-14).
[1:2] 5 tn “Then” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied to make the chronological succession clear in the translation.
[1:2] 6 tn The genitive phrase “about Jesus Christ” is taken as an objective genitive.
[8:1] 7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the resumption of the topic of the seals.
[8:1] 8 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the Lamb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:2] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:3] 10 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[8:3] 12 sn A golden censer was a bowl in which incense was burned. The imagery suggests the OT role of the priest.
[8:3] 13 tn The verb “to station” was used to translate ἑστάθη (Jestaqh) because it connotes the idea of purposeful arrangement in English, which seems to be the idea in the Greek.
[8:3] 14 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[8:4] 15 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[8:4] 16 tn The expression τῶν θυμιαμάτων (twn qumiamatwn) is taken as a “genitive of producer,” i.e., the noun in the genitive produces the head noun.
[8:5] 17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:5] 18 tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
[8:6] 19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[8:7] 21 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[8:7] 22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” because what follows has the logical force of a result clause.
[8:8] 23 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:8] 24 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[8:9] 25 tn Or “a third of the living creatures in the sea”; Grk “the third of the creatures which were in the sea, the ones having life.”
[8:9] 26 tn On the term translated “completely destroyed,” L&N 20.40 states, “to cause the complete destruction of someone or something – ‘to destroy utterly.’ τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθάρησαν ‘a third of the ships were completely destroyed’ Re 8:9.”
[8:10] 27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:10] 28 tn Or “from heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
[8:11] 30 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.
[8:11] 31 tn Grk “is called,” but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.
[8:11] 32 sn Wormwood refers to a particularly bitter herb with medicinal value. According to L&N 3.21, “The English term wormwood is derived from the use of the plant as a medicine to kill intestinal worms.” This remark about the star’s name is parenthetical in nature.
[8:11] 33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.
[8:11] 34 tn That is, terribly bitter (see the note on “Wormwood” earlier in this verse).
[8:11] 35 tn Grk “and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter.”
[8:12] 36 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:12] 37 tn Grk “the day did not shine [with respect to] the third of it.”
[8:13] 38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:13] 40 tc ÏA reads “angel” (ἀγγέλου, angelou) instead of “eagle” (ἀετοῦ, aetou), a reading strongly supported by {א A 046 ÏK and several versions}. On external grounds, ἀετοῦ is clearly the superior reading. ἀγγέλου could have arisen inadvertently due to similarities in spelling or sound between ἀετοῦ and ἀγγέλου. It may also have been intentional in order to bring this statement in line with 14:6 where an angel is mentioned as the one flying in midair. This seems a more likely reason, strengthened by the facts that the book only mentions eagles two other times (4:7; 12:14). Further, the immediate as well as broad context is replete with references to angels.
[8:13] 41 tn Concerning the word μεσουράνημα (mesouranhma), L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’ εἶδον, καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἁετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι ‘I looked, and I heard an eagle that was flying overhead in the sky’ Re 8:13.”
[8:13] 42 tn Grk “about to sound their trumpets,” but this is redundant in English.
