Kisah Para Rasul 27:38

27:38 When they had eaten enough to be satisfied, ¹  they lightened the ship by throwing the wheat ²  into the sea.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:18

27:18 The next day, because we were violently battered by the storm, ³  they began throwing the cargo overboard, ⁴ 

Kisah Para Rasul 27:5

27:5 After we had sailed across the open sea ⁵  off Cilicia and Pamphylia, ⁶  we put in ⁷  at Myra ⁸  in Lycia. ⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 10:6

10:6 This man is staying as a guest with a man named Simon, a tanner, ¹⁰  whose house is by the sea.”

Kisah Para Rasul 27:27

27:27 When the fourteenth night had come, while we were being driven ¹¹  across the Adriatic Sea, ¹²  about midnight the sailors suspected they were approaching some land. ¹³ 

Kisah Para Rasul 17:14

17:14 Then the brothers sent Paul away to the coast ¹⁴  at once, but Silas and Timothy remained in Berea. ¹⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 4:24

4:24 When they heard this, they raised their voices to God with one mind ¹⁶  and said, “Master of all, ¹⁷  you who made the heaven, the earth, ¹⁸  the sea, and everything that is in them,

Kisah Para Rasul 7:36

7:36 This man led them out, performing wonders and miraculous signs ¹⁹  in the land of Egypt, ²⁰  at ²¹  the Red Sea, and in the wilderness ²²  for forty years.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:40

27:40 So they slipped ²³  the anchors ²⁴  and left them in the sea, at the same time loosening the linkage ²⁵  that bound the steering oars ²⁶  together. Then they hoisted ²⁷  the foresail ²⁸  to the wind and steered toward ²⁹  the beach.

Kisah Para Rasul 28:4

28:4 When the local people ³⁰  saw the creature hanging from Paul’s ³¹  hand, they said to one another, “No doubt this man is a murderer! Although he has escaped from the sea, Justice herself ³²  has not allowed him to live!” ³³ 

Kisah Para Rasul 10:32

10:32 Therefore send to Joppa and summon Simon, who is called Peter. This man is staying as a guest in the house of Simon the tanner, ³⁴  by the sea.’

Kisah Para Rasul 27:32

27:32 Then the soldiers cut the ropes ³⁵  of the ship’s boat and let it drift away. ³⁶ 

Kisah Para Rasul 14:15

14:15 “Men, why are you doing these things? We too are men, with human natures ³⁷  just like you! We are proclaiming the good news to you, so that you should turn ³⁸  from these worthless ³⁹  things to the living God, who made the heaven, the earth, ⁴⁰  the sea, and everything that is in them.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:30

27:30 Then when the sailors tried to escape from the ship and were lowering the ship’s boat into the sea, pretending ⁴¹  that they were going to put out anchors from the bow,

Kisah Para Rasul 27:43

27:43 But the centurion, ⁴²  wanting to save Paul’s life, ⁴³  prevented them from carrying out their plan. He ordered those who could swim to jump overboard first and get to land, ⁴⁴ 

Kisah Para Rasul 27:12

27:12 Because the harbor was not suitable to spend the winter in, the majority decided ⁴⁵  to put out to sea ⁴⁶  from there. They hoped that ⁴⁷  somehow they could reach ⁴⁸  Phoenix, ⁴⁹  a harbor of Crete facing ⁵⁰  southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:14

27:14 Not long after this, a hurricane-force ⁵¹  wind called the northeaster ⁵²  blew down from the island. ⁵³ 

Kisah Para Rasul 27:19

27:19 and on the third day they threw the ship’s gear ⁵⁴  overboard with their own hands.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:28

27:28 They took soundings ⁵⁵  and found the water was twenty fathoms ⁵⁶  deep; when they had sailed a little farther ⁵⁷  they took soundings again and found it was fifteen fathoms ⁵⁸  deep.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:2

27:2 We went on board ⁵⁹  a ship from Adramyttium ⁶⁰  that was about to sail to various ports ⁶¹  along the coast of the province of Asia ⁶²  and put out to sea, ⁶³  accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian ⁶⁴  from Thessalonica. ⁶⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 27:41

27:41 But they encountered a patch of crosscurrents ⁶⁶  and ran the ship aground; the bow stuck fast and could not be moved, but the stern was being broken up by the force ⁶⁷  of the waves.

[27:38]  ¹ tn Or “When they had eaten their fill.”

[27:38]  ² tn Or “grain.”

[27:18]  ³ tn BDAG 980 s.v. σφόδρῶς states, “very much, greatly, violently…σφ. χειμάζεσθαι be violently beaten by a storm Ac 27:18.”

[27:18]  ⁴ tn Or “jettisoning [the cargo]” (a nautical technical term). The words “the cargo” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[27:18]  sn The desperation of the sailors in throwing the cargo overboard is reminiscent of Jonah 1:5. At this point they were only concerned with saving themselves.

[27:5]  ⁵ tn Grk “the depths,” the deep area of a sea far enough from land that it is not protected by the coast (L&N 1.73).

[27:5]  ⁶ sn Pamphylia was a province in the southern part of Asia Minor; it was west of Cilicia (see BDAG 753 s.v. Παμφυλία).

[27:5]  ⁷ tn BDAG 531 s.v. κατέρχομαι 2 states, “Of ships and those who sail in them, who ‘come down’ fr. the ‘high seas’: arrive, put in…ἔις τι at someth. a harbor 18:22; 21:3; 27:5.”

[27:5]  ⁸ sn Myra was a city on the southern coast of Lycia in Asia Minor. This journey from Sidon (v. 3) was 440 mi (700 km) and took about 15 days.

[27:5]  ⁹ sn Lycia was the name of a peninsula on the southern coast of Asia Minor between Caria and Pamphylia.

[10:6]  ¹⁰ tn Or “with a certain Simon Berseus.” Although most modern English translations treat βυρσεῖ (bursei) as Simon’s profession (“Simon the tanner”), it is possible that the word is actually Simon’s surname (“Simon Berseus” or “Simon Tanner”). BDAG 185 s.v. βυρσεύς regards it as a surname. See also MM 118.

[27:27]  ¹¹ tn Here “being driven” has been used to translate διαφέρω (diaferw) rather than “drifting,” because it is clear from the attempt to drop anchors in v. 29 that the ship is still being driven by the gale. “Drifting” implies lack of control, but not necessarily rapid movement.

[27:27]  ¹² sn The Adriatic Sea. They were now somewhere between Crete and Malta.

[27:27]  ¹³ tn Grk “suspected that some land was approaching them.” BDAG 876 s.v. προσάγω 2.a states, “lit. ὑπενόουν προσάγειν τινά αὐτοῖς χώραν they suspected that land was near (lit. ‘approaching them’) Ac 27:27.” Current English idiom would speak of the ship approaching land rather than land approaching the ship.

[17:14]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “to the sea.” Here ἕως ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν ({ew" epi thn qalassan) must mean “to the edge of the sea,” that is, “to the coast.” Since there is no mention of Paul taking a ship to Athens, he presumably traveled overland. The journey would have been about 340 mi (550 km).

[17:14]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “remained there”; the referent (Berea) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:24]  ¹⁶ sn With one mind. Compare Acts 1:14.

[4:24]  ¹⁷ tn Or “Lord of all.”

[4:24]  sn The use of the title Master of all (δεσπότης, despoths) emphasizes that there is a sovereign God who is directing what is taking place.

[4:24]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “and the earth, and the sea,” but καί (kai) has not been translated before “the earth” and “the sea” since contemporary English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[7:36]  ¹⁹ tn Here the context indicates the miraculous nature of the signs mentioned.

[7:36]  sn Performing wonders and miraculous signs. Again Moses acted like Jesus. The phrase appears 9 times in Acts (2:19, 22, 43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 7:36; 14:3; 15:12).

[7:36]  ²⁰ tn Or simply “in Egypt.” The phrase “the land of” could be omitted as unnecessary or redundant.

[7:36]  ²¹ tn Grk “and at,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[7:36]  ²² tn Or “desert.”

[27:40]  ²³ tn That is, released. Grk “slipping…leaving.” The participles περιελόντες (perielonte") and εἴων (eiwn) have been translated as finite verbs due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:40]  ²⁴ tn The term is used of a ship’s anchor. (BDAG 12 s.v. ἄγκυρα a).

[27:40]  ²⁵ tn Grk “bands”; possibly “ropes.”

[27:40]  ²⁶ tn Or “rudders.”

[27:40]  ²⁷ tn Grk “hoisting…they.” The participle ἐπάραντες (eparante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:40]  ²⁸ tn Grk “sail”; probably a reference to the foresail.

[27:40]  ²⁹ tn BDAG 533 s.v. κατέχω 7 states, “hold course, nautical t.t., intr….κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν they headed for the beach Ac 27:40.”

[28:4]  ³⁰ tn Although this is literally βάρβαροι (barbaroi; “foreigners, barbarians”) used for non-Greek or non-Romans, as BDAG 166 s.v. βάρβαρος 2.b notes, “Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone…).”

[28:4]  ³¹ tn Grk “his”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[28:4]  ³² tn That is, the goddess Justice has not allowed him to live. BDAG 250 s.v. δίκη 2 states, “Justice personified as a deity Ac 28:4”; L&N 12.27, “a goddess who personifies justice in seeking out and punishing the guilty – ‘the goddess Justice.’ ἡ δίκη ζῆν οὐκ εἴασεν ‘the goddess Justice would not let him live’ Ac 28:4.” Although a number of modern English translations have rendered δίκη (dikh) “justice,” preferring to use an abstraction, in the original setting it is almost certainly a reference to a pagan deity. In the translation, the noun “justice” was capitalized and the reflexive pronoun “herself” was supplied to make the personification clear. This was considered preferable to supplying a word like ‘goddess’ in connection with δίκη.

[28:4]  ³³ sn The entire scene is played out initially as a kind of oracle from the gods resulting in the judgment of a guilty person (Justice herself has not allowed him to live). Paul’s survival of this incident without ill effects thus spoke volumes about his innocence.

[10:32]  ³⁴ tn Or “with a certain Simon Berseus.” Although most modern English translations treat βυρσεῖ (bursei) as Simon’s profession (“Simon the tanner”), it is possible that the word is actually Simon’s surname (“Simon Berseus” or “Simon Tanner”). BDAG 185 s.v. βυρσεύς regards it as a surname.

[27:32]  ³⁵ sn The soldiers cut the ropes. The centurion and the soldiers were now following Paul’s advice by cutting the ropes to prevent the sailors from escaping.

[27:32]  ³⁶ tn Or “let it fall away.” According to BDAG 308 s.v. ἐκπίπτω 1 and 2 the meaning of the verb in this verse could be either “fall away” or “drift away.” Either meaning is acceptable, and the choice between them depends almost entirely on how one reconstructs the scene. Since cutting the boat loose would in any case result in it drifting away (whether capsized or not), the meaning “drift away” as a nautical technical term has been used here.

[14:15]  ³⁷ tn Grk “with the same kinds of feelings,” L&N 25.32. BDAG 706 s.v. ὁμοιοπαθής translates the phrase “with the same nature τινί as someone.” In the immediate context, the contrast is between human and divine nature, and the point is that Paul and Barnabas are mere mortals, not gods.

[14:15]  ³⁸ tn Grk “in order that you should turn,” with ἐπιστρέφειν (epistrefein) as an infinitive of purpose, but this is somewhat awkward contemporary English. To translate the infinitive construction “proclaim the good news, that you should turn,” which is much smoother English, could give the impression that the infinitive clause is actually the content of the good news, which it is not. The somewhat less formal “to get you to turn” would work, but might convey to some readers manipulativeness on the part of the apostles. Thus “proclaim the good news, so that you should turn,” is used, to convey that the purpose of the proclamation of good news is the response by the hearers. The emphasis here is like 1 Thess 1:9-10.

[14:15]  ³⁹ tn Or “useless,” “futile.” The reference is to idols and idolatry, worshiping the creation over the Creator (Rom 1:18-32). See also 1 Kgs 16:2, 13, 26; 2 Kgs 17:15; Jer 2:5; 8:19; 3 Macc 6:11.

[14:15]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “and the earth, and the sea,” but καί (kai) has not been translated before “the earth” and “the sea” since contemporary English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[27:30]  ⁴¹ tn BDAG 889 s.v. πρόφασις 2 states, “προφάσει ὡς under the pretext that, pretending that…Ac 27:30.” In other words, some of the sailors gave up hope that such efforts would work and instead attempted to escape while pretending to help.

[27:43]  ⁴² sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[27:43]  ⁴³ tn Or “wanting to rescue Paul.”

[27:43]  sn Thanks to the centurion who wanted to save Paul’s life, Paul was once more rescued from a potential human threat.

[27:43]  ⁴⁴ tn BDAG 347 s.v. I. ἔξειμι has “ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν get to land Ac 27:43.”

[27:12]  ⁴⁵ tn BDAG 181-82 s.v. βουλή 2.a, “β. τίθεσθαι (Judg 19:30; Ps 12:3) decide 27:12 (w. inf. foll.).”

[27:12]  ⁴⁶ tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”

[27:12]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “from there, if somehow” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun here in the translation and the introductory phrase “They hoped that” supplied (with the subject, “they,” repeated from the previous clause) to make a complete English sentence.

[27:12]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “if somehow, reaching Phoenix, they could…” The participle καταντήσαντες (katanthsante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:12]  ⁴⁹ sn Phoenix was a seaport on the southern coast of the island of Crete. This was about 30 mi (48 km) further west.

[27:12]  ⁵⁰ tn Or “a harbor of Crete open to the southwest and northwest.”

[27:14]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “a wind like a typhoon.” That is, a very violent wind like a typhoon or hurricane (BDAG 1021 s.v. τυφωνικός).

[27:14]  ⁵² sn Or called Euraquilo (the actual name of the wind, a sailor’s term which was a combination of Greek and Latin). According to Strabo (Geography 1.2.21), this was a violent northern wind.

[27:14]  ⁵³ tn Grk “from it”; the referent (the island) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[27:19]  ⁵⁴ tn Or “rigging,” “tackle”; Grk “the ship’s things.” Here the more abstract “gear” is preferred to “rigging” or “tackle” as a translation for σκεῦος (skeuos) because in v. 40 the sailors are still able to raise the (fore)sail, which they could not have done if the ship’s rigging or tackle had been jettisoned here.

[27:28]  ⁵⁵ tn Grk “Heaving the lead, they found.” The participle βολίσαντες (bolisante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. See also BDAG 180 s.v. βολίζω. Although the term is used twice in this verse (and thus is technically not a NT hapax legomenon), it occurs nowhere else in the NT.

[27:28]  ⁵⁶ sn A fathom is about 6 feet or just under 2 meters (originally the length of a man’s outstretched arms). This was a nautical technical term for measuring the depth of water. Here it was about 120 ft (36 m).

[27:28]  ⁵⁷ tn L&N 15.12, “βραχὺ δὲ διαστήσαντες ‘when they had gone a little farther’ Ac 27:28.”

[27:28]  ⁵⁸ sn Here the depth was about 90 ft (27 m).

[27:2]  ⁵⁹ tn Grk “Going on board.” The participle ἐπιβάντες (epibante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:2]  ⁶⁰ sn Adramyttium was a seaport in Mysia on the western coast of Asia Minor.

[27:2]  ⁶¹ tn Grk “places.”

[27:2]  ⁶² tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.

[27:2]  ⁶³ tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4 states, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”

[27:2]  sn Although not explicitly stated, the ship put out to sea from the port of Caesarea (where the previous events had taken place (cf. 25:13) and then sailed along the Asiatic coast (the first stop was Sidon, v. 3).

[27:2]  ⁶⁴ sn A Macedonian. The city of Thessalonica (modern Salonica) was in the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

[27:2]  ⁶⁵ map For location see JP1 C1; JP2 C1; JP3 C1; JP4 C1.

[27:41]  ⁶⁶ tn Grk “fell upon a place of two seas.” The most common explanation for this term is that it refers to a reef or sandbar with the sea on both sides, as noted in BDAG 245 s.v. διθάλασσος: the “τόπος δ. Ac 27:41 is a semantic unit signifying a point (of land jutting out with water on both sides).” However, Greek had terms for a “sandbank” (θῖς [qis], ταινία [tainia]), a “reef” (ἑρμα [Jerma]), “strait” (στενόν [stenon]), “promontory” (ἀρωτήρον [arwthron]), and other nautical hazards, none of which are used by the author here. NEB here translates τόπον διθάλασσον (topon diqalasson) as “cross-currents,” a proposal close to that advanced by J. M. Gilchrist, “The Historicity of Paul’s Shipwreck,” JSNT 61 (1996): 29-51, who suggests the meaning is “a patch of cross-seas,” where the waves are set at an angle to the wind, a particular hazard for sailors. Thus the term most likely refers to some sort of adverse sea conditions rather than a topographical feature like a reef or sandbar.

[27:41]  ⁶⁷ tn Or “violence” (BDAG 175 s.v. βία a).