Galatia 1:19

1:19 But I saw none of the other apostles ¹  except James the Lord’s brother.

Galatia 1:18

1:18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem ²  to visit Cephas ³  and get information from him, ⁴  and I stayed with him fifteen days.

Galatia 1:22

1:22 But I was personally ⁵  unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.

Galatia 3:12

3:12 But the law is not based on faith, ⁶  but the one who does the works of the law ⁷  will live by them. ⁸ 

Galatia 4:9

4:9 But now that you have come to know God (or rather to be known by God), how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless ⁹  basic forces? ¹⁰  Do you want to be enslaved to them all over again? ¹¹ 

Galatia 1:17

1:17 nor did I go up to Jerusalem ¹²  to see those who were apostles before me, but right away I departed to Arabia, ¹³  and then returned to Damascus.

Galatia 3:11

3:11 Now it is clear no one is justified before God by the law, because the righteous one will live by faith. ¹⁴ 

Galatia 4:20

4:20 I wish I could be with you now and change my tone of voice, ¹⁵  because I am perplexed about you.

Galatia 2:2

2:2 I went there ¹⁶  because of ¹⁷  a revelation and presented ¹⁸  to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. But I did so ¹⁹  only in a private meeting with the influential people, ²⁰  to make sure that I was not running – or had not run ²¹  – in vain.

[1:19]  ¹ tn Grk “But another of the apostles I did not see, except…” with “another” in emphatic position in the Greek text. Paul is determined to make the point that his contacts with the original twelve apostles and other leaders of the Jerusalem church were limited, thus asserting his independence from them.

[1:18]  ² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:18]  ³ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[1:18]  ⁴ tn Although often translated “to get acquainted with Cephas,” this could give the impression of merely a social call. L&N 34.52 has “to visit, with the purpose of obtaining information” for the meaning of ἱστορέω (Jistorew), particularly in this verse.

[1:22]  ⁵ tn Or “by sight”; Grk “by face.”

[3:12]  ⁶ tn Grk “is not from faith.”

[3:12]  ⁷ tn Grk “who does these things”; the referent (the works of the law, see 3:5) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ⁸ sn A quotation from Lev 18:5. The phrase the works of the law is an editorial expansion on the Greek text (see previous note); it has been left as normal typeface to indicate it is not part of the OT text.

[4:9]  ⁹ tn Or “useless.” See L&N 65.16.

[4:9]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on the phrase “basic forces” in 4:3.

[4:9]  ¹¹ tn Grk “basic forces, to which you want to be enslaved…” Verse 9 is a single sentence in the Greek text, but has been divided into two in the translation because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence.

[1:17]  ¹² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:17]  ¹³ sn As a geographical region Arabia included the territory west of Mesopotamia, east and south of Syria and Palestine, extending to the isthmus of Suez. During the Roman occupation, some independent kingdoms arose like that of the Nabateans south of Damascus, and these could be called simply Arabia. In light of the proximity to Damascus, this may well be the territory Paul says he visited here. See also C. W. Briggs, “The Apostle Paul in Arabia,” Biblical World 41 (1913): 255-59.

[3:11]  ¹⁴ tn Or “The one who is righteous by faith will live” (a quotation from Hab 2:4).

[4:20]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “voice” or “tone.” The contemporary English expression “tone of voice” is a good approximation to the meaning here.

[2:2]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “I went up”; one always spoke idiomatically of going “up” to Jerusalem.

[2:2]  ¹⁷ tn Or “in accordance with.” According to BDAG 512 s.v. κατά B.5.a.δ, “Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged…Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of…κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2.”

[2:2]  ¹⁸ tn Or “set before them.”

[2:2]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “Gentiles, but only privately…to make sure.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started with “But” and the words “I did so,” an implied repetition from the previous clause, were supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[2:2]  ²⁰ tn L&N 87.42 has “important persons, influential persons, prominent persons” for οἱ δοκοῦντες and translates this phrase in Gal 2:2 as “in a private meeting with the prominent persons.” The “prominent people” referred to here are the leaders of the Jerusalem church.

[2:2]  ²¹ tn Here the first verb (τρέχω, trecw, “was not running”) is present subjunctive, while the second (ἔδραμον, edramon, “had not run”) is aorist indicative.