1 Samuel 22:16

22:16 But the king said, “You will surely die, Ahimelech, you and all your father’s house!

1 Samuel 18:16

18:16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, for he was the one leading them out to battle and back.

1 Samuel 23:8

23:8 So Saul mustered all his army to go down to Keilah and besiege David and his men. ¹ 

1 Samuel 10:24

10:24 Then Samuel said to all the people, “Do you see the one whom the Lord has chosen? Indeed, there is no one like him among all the people!” All the people shouted out, “Long live the king!”

1 Samuel 13:19

13:19 A blacksmith could not be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said, “This will prevent the Hebrews from making swords and spears.”

1 Samuel 14:15

14:15 Then fear overwhelmed ²  those who were in the camp, those who were in the field, all the army in the garrison, and the raiding bands. They trembled and the ground shook. This fear was caused by God. ³ 

1 Samuel 25:1

The Death of Samuel

25:1 Samuel died, and all Israel assembled and mourned him. They buried him at his home in Ramah. Then David left and went down to the desert of Paran. ⁴ 

1 Samuel 13:3

13:3 Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost ⁵  that was at Geba and the Philistines heard about it. Then Saul alerted ⁶  all the land saying, “Let the Hebrews pay attention!”

1 Samuel 7:5

7:5 Then Samuel said, “Gather all Israel to Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord on your behalf.”

1 Samuel 29:1

David Is Rejected by the Philistine Leaders

29:1 The Philistines assembled all their troops ⁷  at Aphek, while Israel camped at the spring that is in Jezreel.

1 Samuel 7:9

7:9 So Samuel took a nursing lamb ⁸  and offered it as a whole burnt offering to the Lord. Samuel cried out to the Lord on Israel’s behalf, and the Lord answered him.

1 Samuel 13:4

13:4 All Israel heard this message, ⁹  “Saul has attacked the Philistine outpost, and now Israel is repulsive ¹⁰  to the Philistines!” So the people were summoned to join ¹¹  Saul at Gilgal.

1 Samuel 22:1

David Goes to Adullam and Mizpah

22:1 So David left there and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s family ¹²  learned about it, they went down there to him.

1 Samuel 24:2

24:2 So Saul took three thousand select men from all Israel and went to find ¹³  David and his men in the region of ¹⁴  the rocks of the mountain goats. ¹⁵ 

1 Samuel 31:9

31:9 They cut off Saul’s ¹⁶  head and stripped him of his armor. They sent messengers to announce the news in the temple of their idols and among their people throughout the surrounding land of the Philistines.

1 Samuel 28:3-4

28:3 Now Samuel had died, and all Israel had lamented over him and had buried him in Ramah, his hometown. ¹⁷  In the meantime Saul had removed the mediums ¹⁸  and magicians ¹⁹  from the land. 28:4 The Philistines assembled; they came and camped at Shunem. Saul mustered all Israel and camped at Gilboa.

1 Samuel 5:11

5:11 So they assembled ²⁰  all the leaders of the Philistines and said, “Get the ark of the God of Israel out of here! Let it go back to its own place so that it won’t kill us ²¹  and our ²²  people!” The terror ²³  of death was throughout the entire city; God was attacking them very severely there. ²⁴ 

1 Samuel 9:20

9:20 Don’t be concerned ²⁵  about the donkeys that you lost three days ago, for they have been found. Whom does all Israel desire? Is it not you, and all your father’s family?” ²⁶ 

1 Samuel 11:7

11:7 He took a pair ²⁷  of oxen and cut them up. Then he sent the pieces throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, who said, “Whoever does not go out after Saul and after Samuel should expect this to be done to his oxen!” Then the terror of the Lord fell on the people, and they went out as one army. ²⁸ 

1 Samuel 30:16

30:16 So he took David ²⁹  down, and they found them spread out over the land. They were eating and drinking and enjoying themselves because of all the loot ³⁰  they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah.

1 Samuel 11:2

11:2 But Nahash the Ammonite said to them, “The only way I will make a treaty with you is if you let me gouge out the right eye of every one of you and in so doing humiliate all Israel!”

1 Samuel 14:39

14:39 For as surely as the Lord, the deliverer of Israel, lives, even if it turns out to be my own son Jonathan, he will certainly die!” But no one from the army said anything. ³¹ 

1 Samuel 22:22

22:22 Then David said to Abiathar, “I knew that day when Doeg the Edomite was there that he would certainly tell Saul! I am guilty ³²  of all the deaths in your father’s house!

1 Samuel 11:3

11:3 The elders of Jabesh said to him, “Leave us alone for seven days so that we can send messengers throughout the territory of Israel. If there is no one who can deliver us, we will come out voluntarily to you.”

1 Samuel 17:46

17:46 This very day the Lord will deliver you into my hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head. This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel has a God

1 Samuel 18:5

18:5 On every mission on which Saul sent him, David achieved success. So Saul appointed him over the men of war. This pleased not only all the army, but also Saul’s servants. ³³ 

1 Samuel 12:19

12:19 All the people said to Samuel, “Pray to the Lord your God on behalf of us – your servants – so we won’t die, for we have added to all our sins by asking for a king.” ³⁴ 

1 Samuel 19:5

19:5 He risked his life ³⁵  when he struck down the Philistine and the Lord gave all Israel a great victory. When you saw it, you were happy. So why would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?”

1 Samuel 27:1

David Aligns Himself with the Philistines

27:1 David thought to himself, ³⁶  “One of these days I’m going to be swept away by the hand of Saul! There is nothing better for me than to escape to the land of the Philistines. Then Saul will despair of searching for me through all the territory of Israel and I will escape from his hand.”

1 Samuel 17:11

17:11 When Saul and all the Israelites ³⁷  heard these words of the Philistine, they were upset and very afraid.

1 Samuel 18:29

18:29 Saul became even more afraid of him. ³⁸  Saul continued to be at odds with David from then on. ³⁹ 

1 Samuel 13:20

13:20 So all Israel had to go down to the Philistines in order to get their plowshares, cutting instruments, axes, and sickles ⁴⁰  sharpened.

1 Samuel 1:21

Hannah Dedicates Samuel to the Lord

1:21 This man Elkanah went up with all his family to make the yearly sacrifice to the Lord and to keep his vow,

1 Samuel 22:14

22:14 Ahimelech replied to the king, “Who among all your servants is faithful like David? He is the king’s son-in-law, the leader of your bodyguard, and honored in your house!

1 Samuel 2:33

2:33 Any one of you that I do not cut off from my altar, I will cause your ⁴¹  eyes to fail ⁴²  and will cause you grief. ⁴³  All of those born to your family ⁴⁴  will die in the prime of life. ⁴⁵ 

1 Samuel 14:24

Jonathan Violates Saul’s Oath

14:24 Now the men of Israel were hard pressed that day, for Saul had made the army agree to this oath: “Cursed be the man who eats food before evening! I will get my vengeance on my enemies!” So no one in the army ate anything.

1 Samuel 7:2

Further Conflict with the Philistines

7:2 It was quite a long time – some twenty years in all – that the ark stayed at Kiriath Jearim. All the people ⁴⁶  of Israel longed for ⁴⁷  the Lord.

1 Samuel 22:11

22:11 Then the king arranged for a meeting with the priest Ahimelech son of Ahitub and all the priests of his father’s house who were at Nob. They all came to the king.

1 Samuel 15:8

15:8 He captured King Agag of the Amalekites alive, but he executed all Agag’s people ⁴⁸  with the sword.

1 Samuel 14:25

14:25 Now the whole army ⁴⁹  entered the forest and there was honey on the ground. ⁵⁰ 

1 Samuel 3:20

3:20 All Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba realized that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the Lord.

1 Samuel 12:1

12:1 Samuel said to all Israel, “I have done ⁵¹  everything you requested. ⁵²  I have given you a king. ⁵³ 

1 Samuel 12:18

12:18 So Samuel called to the Lord, and the Lord made it thunder and rain that day. All the people were very afraid of both the Lord and Samuel.

1 Samuel 14:40

14:40 Then he said to all Israel, “You will be on one side, and I and my son Jonathan will be on the other side.” The army replied to Saul, “Do whatever you think is best.”

1 Samuel 28:19

28:19 The Lord will hand you and Israel over to the Philistines! ⁵⁴  Tomorrow both you and your sons will be with me. ⁵⁵  The Lord will also hand the army ⁵⁶  of Israel over to the Philistines!”

1 Samuel 18:15

18:15 When Saul saw how very successful he was, he was afraid of him.

1 Samuel 31:6

31:6 So Saul, his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men died together that day.

1 Samuel 4:13

4:13 When he arrived in Shiloh, Eli was sitting in his chair watching by the side of ⁵⁷  the road, for he was very worried ⁵⁸  about the ark of God. As the man entered the city to give his report, ⁵⁹  the whole city cried out.

1 Samuel 4:5

4:5 When the ark of the covenant of the Lord arrived at the camp, all Israel shouted so loudly ⁶⁰  that the ground shook.

1 Samuel 18:28

18:28 When Saul realized ⁶¹  that the Lord was with David and that his ⁶²  daughter Michal loved David, ⁶³ 

1 Samuel 9:2

9:2 He had a son named Saul, a handsome young man. There was no one among the Israelites more handsome than he was; he stood head and shoulders above all the people.

1 Samuel 10:25

10:25 Then Samuel talked to the people about how the kingship would work. ⁶⁴  He wrote it all down on a scroll and set it before the Lord. Then Samuel sent all the people away to their homes.

1 Samuel 11:15

11:15 So all the people went to Gilgal, where ⁶⁵  they established Saul as king in the Lord’s presence. They offered up peace offerings there in the Lord’s presence. Saul and all the Israelites were very happy.

1 Samuel 25:17

25:17 Now be aware of this, and see what you can do. For disaster has been planned for our lord and his entire household. ⁶⁶  He is such a wicked person ⁶⁷  that no one tells him anything!”

1 Samuel 2:23

2:23 He said to them, “Why do you behave in this way? For I hear about these evil things from all these ⁶⁸  people.

1 Samuel 4:1

4:1 Samuel revealed the word of the Lord ⁶⁹  to all Israel.

The Ark of the Covenant is Lost to the Philistines

Then the Israelites went out to fight the Philistines. ⁷⁰  They camped at Ebenezer, ⁷¹  and the Philistines camped at Aphek.

1 Samuel 5:9

5:9 But after it had been moved the Lord attacked ⁷²  that city as well, causing a great deal of panic. He struck all the people of that city ⁷³  with sores. ⁷⁴ 

1 Samuel 13:7

13:7 Some of the Hebrews crossed over the Jordan River ⁷⁵  to the land of Gad and Gilead. But Saul stayed at Gilgal; the entire army that was with him was terrified.

1 Samuel 13:22

13:22 So on the day of the battle no sword or spear was to be found in the hand of anyone in the army that was with Saul and Jonathan. No one but Saul and his son Jonathan had them.

1 Samuel 14:20

14:20 Saul and all the army that was with him assembled and marched into battle, where they found ⁷⁶  the Philistines in total panic killing one another with their swords. ⁷⁷ 

1 Samuel 15:4

15:4 So Saul assembled ⁷⁸  the army ⁷⁹  and mustered them at Telaim. There were 200,000 foot soldiers and 10,000 men of Judah.

1 Samuel 17:39

17:39 David strapped on his sword over his fighting attire and tried to walk around, but he was not used to them. ⁸⁰  David said to Saul, “I can’t walk in these things, for I’m not used to them.” So David removed them.

1 Samuel 18:30

18:30 ⁸¹  Then the leaders of the Philistines would march out, and as often as they did so, David achieved more success than all of Saul’s servants. His name was held in high esteem.

1 Samuel 19:8

19:8 Now once again there was war. So David went out to fight the Philistines. He defeated them thoroughly ⁸²  and they ran away from him.

1 Samuel 20:6

20:6 If your father happens to miss me, you should say, ‘David urgently requested me to let him go ⁸³  to his city Bethlehem, ⁸⁴  for there is an annual sacrifice there for his entire family.’

1 Samuel 22:19

22:19 As for Nob, the city of the priests, he struck down with the sword men and women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep – all with the sword.

1 Samuel 23:3

23:3 But David’s men said to him, “We are afraid while we are still here in Judah! What will it be like if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?”

1 Samuel 25:37

25:37 In the morning, when Nabal was sober, ⁸⁵  his wife told him about these matters. He had a stroke and was paralyzed. ⁸⁶ 

1 Samuel 14:34

14:34 Then Saul said, “Scatter out among the army and say to them, ‘Each of you bring to me your ox and sheep and slaughter them in this spot and eat. But don’t sin against the Lord by eating the blood.” So that night each one brought his ox and slaughtered it there. ⁸⁷ 

1 Samuel 2:10

2:10 The Lord shatters ⁸⁸  his adversaries; ⁸⁹ 

he thunders against them from ⁹⁰  the heavens.

The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.

He will strengthen ⁹¹  his king

and exalt the power ⁹²  of his anointed one.” ⁹³ 

1 Samuel 7:3

7:3 Samuel said to all the people of Israel, “If you are really turning to the Lord with all your hearts, remove from among you the foreign gods and the images of Ashtoreth. ⁹⁴  Give your hearts to the Lord and serve only him. Then he will deliver you ⁹⁵  from the hand of the Philistines.”

1 Samuel 7:14

7:14 The cities that the Philistines had captured from Israel were returned to Israel, from Ekron to Gath. Israel also delivered their territory from the control ⁹⁶  of the Philistines. There was also peace between Israel and the Amorites.

1 Samuel 9:4

9:4 So Saul ⁹⁷  crossed through the hill country of Ephraim, passing through the land of Shalisha, but they did not find them. So they crossed through the land of Shaalim, but they were not there. Then he crossed through the land of Benjamin, and still they did not find them.

1 Samuel 15:3

15:3 So go now and strike down the Amalekites. Destroy everything that they have. Don’t spare ⁹⁸  them. Put them to death – man, woman, child, infant, ox, sheep, camel, and donkey alike.’”

1 Samuel 15:30

15:30 Saul ⁹⁹  again replied, “I have sinned. But please honor me before the elders of my people and before Israel. Go back with me so I may worship the Lord your God.”

1 Samuel 17:8

17:8 Goliath ¹⁰⁰  stood and called to Israel’s troops, ¹⁰¹  “Why do you come out to prepare for battle? Am I not the Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose ¹⁰²  for yourselves a man so he may come down ¹⁰³  to me!

1 Samuel 17:25

17:25 The men of Israel said, “Have you seen this man who is coming up? He does so ¹⁰⁴  to defy Israel. But the king will make the man who can strike him down very wealthy! He will give him his daughter in marriage, and he will make his father’s house exempt from tax obligations in Israel.”

1 Samuel 21:9

David Goes to Gath

21:9 The priest replied, “The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you struck down in the valley of Elah, is wrapped in a garment behind the ephod. If you wish, take it for yourself. Other than that, there’s nothing here.” David said, “There’s nothing like it! Give it to me!”

1 Samuel 22:15

22:15 Was it just today that I began to inquire of God on his behalf? Far be it from me! The king should not accuse ¹⁰⁵  his servant or any of my father’s house. For your servant is not aware of all this – not in whole or in part!” ¹⁰⁶ 

1 Samuel 23:23

23:23 Locate precisely all the places where he hides and return to me with dependable information. ¹⁰⁷  Then I will go with you. If he is in the land, I will find him ¹⁰⁸  among all the thousands of Judah.”

1 Samuel 25:34

25:34 Otherwise, as surely as the Lord, the God of Israel, lives – he who has prevented me from harming you – if you had not come so quickly to meet me, by morning’s light not even one male belonging to Nabal would have remained alive!”

1 Samuel 26:15

26:15 David said to Abner, “Aren’t you a man? After all, who is like you in Israel? Why then haven’t you protected your lord the king? One of the soldiers came to kill your lord the king.

1 Samuel 30:6

30:6 David was very upset, for the men ¹⁰⁹  were thinking of stoning him; ¹¹⁰  each man grieved bitterly ¹¹¹  over his sons and daughters. But David drew strength from the Lord his God.

1 Samuel 14:45

14:45 But the army said to Saul, “Should Jonathan, who won this great victory in Israel, die? May it never be! As surely as the Lord lives, not a single hair of his head will fall to the ground! For it is with the help of God that he has acted today.” So the army rescued Jonathan from death. ¹¹² 

[23:8]  ¹ tn Heb “So Saul mustered all his army for battle to go down to Keilah to besiege against David and his men.”

[14:15]  ² tn Heb “fell upon.”

[14:15]  ³ tn Heb “and it was by the fear of God.” The translation understands this to mean that God was the source or cause of the fear experienced by the Philistines. This seems to be the most straightforward reading of the sentence. It is possible, however, that the word “God” functions here simply to intensify the accompanying word “fear,” in which one might translate “a very great fear” (cf. NAB, NRSV). It is clear that on some occasions that the divine name carries such a superlative nuance. For examples see Joüon 2:525 §141.n.

[25:1]  ⁴ tc The LXX reads “Maon” here instead of “Paran,” perhaps because the following account of Nabal is said to be in Maon (v. 2). This reading is followed by a number of English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT). The MT, however, reads “Paran,” a location which would parallel this portion of David’s life with that of the nation Israel which also spent time in Paran (Num 10:12). Also, the desert of Paran was on the southern border of Judah’s territory and would be the most isolated location for hiding from Saul.

[13:3]  ⁵ tn Or perhaps “struck down the Philistine official.” See the note at 1 Sam 10:5. Cf. TEV “killed the Philistine commander.”

[13:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “blew the ram’s horn in.”

[29:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “camps.”

[7:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “a lamb of milk”; NAB “an unweaned lamb”; NIV “a suckling lamb”; NCV “a baby lamb.”

[13:4]  ⁹ tn The words “this message” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[13:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “stinks.” The figurative language indicates that Israel had become repulsive to the Philistines.

[13:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “were summoned after.”

[22:1]  ¹² tn Heb “house.”

[24:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “to search [for].”

[24:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “upon the face of.”

[24:2]  ¹⁵ tn Or “the region of the Rocks of the Mountain Goats,” if this expression is understood as a place name (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV, TEV, CEV).

[31:9]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity (likewise in the following verse).

[28:3]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “in Ramah, even in his city.”

[28:3]  ¹⁸ tn The Hebrew term translated “mediums” actually refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits (see 2 Kgs 21:6). In v. 7 the witch of Endor is called the owner of a ritual pit. See H. Hoffner, “Second Millennium Antecedents to the Hebrew ’OñBù,” JBL 86 (1967): 385-401. Here the term refers by metonymy to the owner of such a pit (see H. A. Hoffner, TDOT 1:133).

[28:3]  ¹⁹ sn See Isa 8:19 for another reference to magicians who attempted to conjure up underworld spirits.

[5:11]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and they sent and gathered.”

[5:11]  ²¹ tn Heb “me.”

[5:11]  ²² tn Heb “my.”

[5:11]  ²³ tn Or “panic.”

[5:11]  ²⁴ tn Heb “the hand of God was very heavy there.”

[9:20]  ²⁵ tn Heb “do not fix your heart.”

[9:20]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and all the house of your father.”

[11:7]  ²⁷ tn Heb “yoke.”

[11:7]  ²⁸ tn Heb “like one man.”

[30:16]  ²⁹ tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[30:16]  ³⁰ tn Heb “because of all the large plunder.”

[14:39]  ³¹ tn Heb “and there was no one answering from all the army.”

[22:22]  ³² tc The translation follows the LXX, which reads “I am guilty,” rather than the MT, which has “I have turned.”

[18:5]  ³³ tn Heb “it was good in the eyes of all the people and also in the eyes of the servants of Saul.”

[12:19]  ³⁴ tn Heb “for we have added to all our sins an evil [thing] by asking for ourselves a king.”

[19:5]  ³⁵ tn Heb “and he put his life into his hand.”

[27:1]  ³⁶ tn Heb “said to his heart.”

[17:11]  ³⁷ tn Heb “all Israel.”

[18:29]  ³⁸ tn Heb “of David.” In the translation the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun for stylistic reasons.

[18:29]  ³⁹ tc The final sentence of v. 29 is absent in most LXX mss.

[18:29]  tn Heb “all the days.”

[13:20]  ⁴⁰ tc The translation follows the LXX (“their sickle”) here, rather than the MT “plowshares,” which is due to dittography from the word earlier in the verse.

[2:33]  ⁴¹ tc The LXX, a Qumran ms, and a few old Latin mss have the third person pronominal suffix “his” here.

[2:33]  ⁴² tn Heb “to cause your eyes to fail.” Elsewhere this verb, when used of eyes, refers to bloodshot eyes resulting from weeping, prolonged staring, or illness (see Lev 26:16; Pss 69:3; 119:82; Lam 2:11; 4:17).

[2:33]  ⁴³ tn Heb “and to cause your soul grief.”

[2:33]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “and all the increase of your house.”

[2:33]  ⁴⁵ tc The text is difficult. The MT literally says “they will die [as] men.” Apparently the meaning is that they will be cut off in the prime of their life without reaching old age. The LXX and a Qumran ms, however, have the additional word “sword” (“they will die by the sword of men”). This is an easier reading (cf. NAB, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT), but that fact is not in favor of its originality.

[7:2]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “house” (also in the following verse).

[7:2]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “mourned after”; NIV “mourned and sought after”; KJV, NRSV “lamented after”; NAB “turned to”; NCV “began to follow…again.”

[15:8]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “all the people.” For clarity “Agag’s” has been supplied in the translation.

[14:25]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “all the land.”

[14:25]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “the surface of the field.”

[12:1]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “Look, I have listened to your voice.”

[12:1]  ⁵² tn Heb “to all which you said to me.”

[12:1]  ⁵³ tn Heb “and I have installed a king over you.”

[28:19]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “And the Lord will give also Israel along with you into the hand of the Philistines.”

[28:19]  ⁵⁵ tc With the exception of the Lucianic recension, the LXX has here “and tomorrow you and your sons with you will fall.”

[28:19]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “camp.”

[4:13]  ⁵⁷ tc Read with many medieval Hebrew mss, the Qere, and much versional evidence יַד (yad, “hand”) rather than MT יַךְ (yakh).

[4:13]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “his heart was trembling.”

[4:13]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “and the man came to report in the city.”

[4:5]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “shouted [with] a great shout.”

[18:28]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “saw and knew.”

[18:28]  ⁶² tn Heb “Saul’s.” In the translation the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun for stylistic reasons.

[18:28]  ⁶³ tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:25]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “the regulation of the kingship.” This probably refers to the regulations pertaining to kingship given to Moses (see Deut 17:14-20).

[11:15]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “and there in Gilgal.”

[25:17]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “all his house” (so ASV, NRSV); NAB, NLT “his whole family.”

[25:17]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “he is a son of worthlessness.”

[2:23]  ⁶⁸ tc For “these” the LXX has “of the Lord” (κυρίου, kuriou), perhaps through the influence of the final phrase of v. 24 (“the people of the Lord”). Somewhat less likely is the view that the MT reading is due to a distorted dittography of the first word of v. 24. The Vulgate lacks the word.

[4:1]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “and the word of Samuel was.” The present translation understands Samuel to be the speaker of the divine word (“Samuel” is a subjective genitive in this case), although the statement could mean that he was the recipient of the divine word (“Samuel” is an objective genitive in this case) who in turn reported it to Israel.

[4:1]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “and Israel went out to meet the Philistines for battle.”

[4:1]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “the stone, the help.” The second noun is in apposition to the first one and apparently is the name by which the stone was known. Contrast the expression used in 5:1 and 7:12, where the first word lacks the definite article, unlike 4:1.

[5:9]  ⁷² tn Heb “the hand of the Lord was against the city.”

[5:9]  ⁷³ tn Heb “and he struck the men of the city from small and to great.”

[5:9]  ⁷⁴ tn See the note on this term in v. 6. Cf. KJV “and they had emerods in their secret parts.”

[13:7]  ⁷⁵ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[14:20]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “and look, there was”

[14:20]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “the sword of a man against his companion, a very great panic.”

[15:4]  ⁷⁸ tn Heb “caused the people to hear.”

[15:4]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “people.”

[17:39]  ⁸⁰ tn Heb “he had not tested.”

[18:30]  ⁸¹ tc Verse 30 is absent in most LXX mss.

[19:8]  ⁸² tn Heb “and he struck them down with a great blow.”

[20:6]  ⁸³ tn Heb “to run.”

[20:6]  ⁸⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[25:37]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “when the wine had gone out from Nabal.”

[25:37]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “and his heart died within him and he became a stone.” Cf. TEV, NLT “stroke”; CEV “heart attack.” For an alternative interpretation than that presented above, see Marjorie O’Rourke Boyle, “The Law of the Heart: The Death of a Fool (1 Samuel 25),” JBL 120 (2001): 401-27, who argues that a medical diagnosis is not necessary here. Instead, the passage makes a connection between the heart and the law; Nabal dies for his lawlessness.

[14:34]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “and all the army brought near, each his ox by his hand, and they slaughtered there.”

[2:10]  ⁸⁸ tn The imperfect verbal forms in this line and in the next two lines are understood as indicating what is typically true. Another option is to translate them with the future tense. See v. 10b.

[2:10]  ⁸⁹ tc The present translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew manuscripts, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Vulgate in reading the plural (“his adversaries,” similarly many other English versions) rather than the singular (“his adversary”) of the Kethib.

[2:10]  ⁹⁰ tn The Hebrew preposition here has the sense of “from within.”

[2:10]  ⁹¹ tn The imperfect verbal forms in this and the next line are understood as indicating what is anticipated and translated with the future tense, because at the time of Hannah’s prayer Israel did not yet have a king.

[2:10]  ⁹² tn Heb “the horn,” here a metaphor for power or strength. Cf. NCV “make his appointed king strong”; NLT “increases the might of his anointed one.”

[2:10]  ⁹³ tc The LXX greatly expands v. 10 with an addition that seems to be taken from Jer 9:23-24.

[2:10]  sn The anointed one is the anticipated king of Israel, as the preceding line makes clear.

[7:3]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “the Ashtarot” (plural; also in the following verse). The words “images of” are supplied for clarity.

[7:3]  sn The Semitic goddess Astarte was associated with love and war in the ancient Near East. The presence of Ashtarot in Israel is a sign of pervasive pagan and idolatrous influences; hence Samuel calls for their removal. See 1 Sam 31:10, where the Philistines deposit the armor of the deceased Saul in the temple of the Ashtarot, and 1 Kgs 11:5, 33; 2 Kgs 23:13, where Solomon is faulted for worshiping the Ashtarot.

[7:3]  ⁹⁵ tn Following imperatives, the jussive verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

[7:14]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “hand.”

[9:4]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[15:3]  ⁹⁸ tn Or perhaps “don’t take pity on” (cf. CEV).

[15:30]  ⁹⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:8]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Goliath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:8]  ¹⁰¹ tn The Hebrew text adds “and said to them.”

[17:8]  ¹⁰² tc The translation follows the ancient versions in reading “choose,” (from the root בחר, bkhr), rather than the MT. The verb in MT (ברה, brh) elsewhere means “to eat food”; the sense of “to choose,” required here by the context, is not attested for this root. The MT apparently reflects an early scribal error.

[17:8]  ¹⁰³ tn Following the imperative, the prefixed verbal form (either an imperfect or jussive) with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result here.

[17:25]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Heb “he is coming up.”

[22:15]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Heb “set a matter against.”

[22:15]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “small or great.”

[23:23]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “established.”

[23:23]  ¹⁰⁸ tn Heb “I will search him out.”

[30:6]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Heb “people.”

[30:6]  ¹¹⁰ tn Heb “said to stone him.”

[30:6]  ¹¹¹ tn Heb “for bitter was the soul of all the people, each one.”

[14:45]  ¹¹² tn Heb “and he did not die.”