Teks -- Matthew 22:19 (NET)

22:19 Show me the coin used for the tax.” So they brought him a denarius.

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Robertson: Mat 22:19 - Tribute money

Tribute money ( to nomisma tou kēnsou ).

Kēnsos , Latin census , was a capitation tax or head-money, tributum capitis , for which silver denaria were struck, with the figure of Caesar and a superscription, e.g. "Tiberiou Kaisaros"(McNeile). Nomisma is the Latin numisma and occurs here only in the N.T., is common in the old Greek, from nomizō sanctioned by law or custom.

Vincent: Mat 22:19 - Tribute-money

Tribute-money ( νόμισμα τοῦ κήνσου )

Lit., the current coin of tribute, which was paid not in Jewish but in Roman money. See on Mat 17:25, tribute.

Vincent: Mat 22:19 - A penny

A penny

See on Mat 20:2.

Clarke: Mat 22:19 - They brought unto him a penny

They brought unto him a penny - A denarius: probably the ordinary capitation tax, though the poll tax in the law, Exo 30:13, Exo 30:14, was half a shekel, about twice as much as the denarius. The Roman denarius had the emperor’ s image with a proper legend stamped on one side of it. It was not therefore the sacred shekel which was to be paid for the repairs of the temple which was now demanded, but the regular tribute required by the Roman government.

Calvin: Mat 22:19 - Show me the tribute-money

19.Show me the tribute-money When Christ orders them to bring forward a coin, though at first sight it appears to be of no great importance, yet it is sufficient for breaking their snares. In this way they had already made an acknowledgment of subjection, so that Christ did not find it necessary to enjoin upon them any thing new. The coin was stamped with Caesar’s likeness; and thus the authority of the Roman government had been approved and admitted by the general practice. Hence it was evident that the Jews themselves had voluntarily come under obligation to pay tribute for they had given up to the Romans the power of the sword; ⁶² and there was no propriety in making a separate dispute about the tribute-money, for that question depended on the general arrangements of the government.

TSK: Mat 22:19 - a penny

a penny : ""In value sevenpence halfpenny.""Mat 18:28, Mat 20:2; Rev 6:6

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: Mat 22:18-22 - Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’ s; and unto God the things that are God’ s

Ver. 18-22. Mark hath the same, Mar 12:15-17 . So hath Luke, Luk 20:23-26 . Our Saviour, saith Luke, perceived their craftiness, how subtlety they went about to entrap him. He calls them to show him the tribute money. The Jews had two sorts of money, shekels and half shekels, which was money proper to them, and Roman coin, pence and sesterces. Their tribute was paid in this coin. Accordingly they bring unto him a penny, a Roman penny, as much in value as seven pence halfpenny in our coin; which it seems was the poll money, which the Romans exacted of every head. The coining of money was always looked upon as an act of sovereign power, hence the usurpation of it is made so criminal. Most princes use to have their effigies stamped upon their coin, and some inscription about it, with their names, and some words expressive of their dominion over such places where their coin is current; so as the admission of a prince’ s coin as current amongst a people was a testimony of their owning and subjection to such a prince. Such an image and superscription this piece of money had; upon which our Saviour concludes,

Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’ s; and unto God the things that are God’ s Although Caesar be a usurper, yet God hath given you into his hands, you have owned him by accepting his coin as current amongst you. His right and God’ s right are two distinct things. Religion doth not exempt you from your civil duties, and obedience to princes, in things wherein they have a power to command. Princes have power to impose tributes upon their subjects, for the maintenance and upholding of the civil government. Let Caesar have his due, and let God have his right. You are a company of hypocrites, who by this question would make me believe you have a great zeal for God and his rights, and that you would not pay taxes that you might assert God’ s right over you; this is your preference, but indeed your design is to try me, if you can persuade me, by any words of mine, to encourage you to any sedition, or acts of disloyalty to your civil governors. I see no reason for it; Caesar hath his right, and God hath his rights; you may give them both their rights, and so you ought to do. God’ s kingdom is of another nature than the kingdoms of the world. His law forbiddeth no civil rights. Thus our Saviour answers their question so as he maketh them to condemn themselves, if, owning the civil magistrate’ s power, they did not give him his rights, and so as neither Caesar nor yet the people had any just cause of exception against him for his words. This answer surprises them, they marvel and go their way, having played their game and got nothing.

Gill: Mat 22:19 - Shew me the tribute money

Shew me the tribute money,.... Not any money, or any sort of coin that was current among them; but that in which the tribute was usually paid, which was Roman money: and they brought unto him a penny; not as, being what was the usual sum that was paid for tribute at one time, but as a sample of what sort of money it was paid in, in Roman pence; one of which was seven pence halfpenny of our money.