Wahyu 5:10
Konteks5:10 You have appointed 1 them 2 as a kingdom and priests 3 to serve 4 our God, and they will reign 5 on the earth.”
Wahyu 19:11--20:4
Konteks19:11 Then 6 I saw heaven opened and here came 7 a white horse! The 8 one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice 9 he judges and goes to war. 19:12 His eyes are like a fiery 10 flame and there are many diadem crowns 11 on his head. He has 12 a name written 13 that no one knows except himself. 19:13 He is dressed in clothing dipped 14 in blood, and he is called 15 the Word of God. 19:14 The 16 armies that are in heaven, dressed in white, clean, fine linen, 17 were following him on white horses. 19:15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations. 18 He 19 will rule 20 them with an iron rod, 21 and he stomps the winepress 22 of the furious 23 wrath of God, the All-Powerful. 24 19:16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh: “King of kings and Lord of lords.”
19:17 Then 25 I saw one angel standing in 26 the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: 27
“Come, gather around for the great banquet 28 of God,
19:18 to eat 29 your fill 30 of the flesh of kings,
the flesh of generals, 31
the flesh of powerful people,
the flesh of horses and those who ride them,
and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, 32
and small and great!”
19:19 Then 33 I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now 34 the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf 35 – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. 36 19:21 The 37 others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged 38 themselves with their flesh.
20:1 Then 39 I saw an angel descending from heaven, holding 40 in his hand the key to the abyss and a huge chain. 20:2 He 41 seized the dragon – the ancient serpent, who is the devil and Satan – and tied him up for a thousand years. 20:3 The angel 42 then 43 threw him into the abyss and locked 44 and sealed it so that he could not deceive the nations until the one thousand years were finished. (After these things he must be released for a brief period of time.)
20:4 Then 45 I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. 46 I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These 47 had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They 48 came to life 49 and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
[5:10] 1 tn The verb ἐποίησας (epoihsas) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14.
[5:10] 2 tc The vast majority of witnesses have αὐτούς (autous, “them”) here, while the Textus Receptus reads ἡμᾶς (Jhmas, “us”) with insignificant support (pc gig vgcl sa Prim Bea). There is no question that the original text read αὐτούς here.
[5:10] 3 tn The reference to “kingdom and priests” may be a hendiadys: “priestly kingdom.”
[5:10] 4 tn The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the word “priests.”
[5:10] 5 tc The textual problem here between the present tense βασιλεύουσιν (basileuousin, “they are reigning”; so A 1006 1611 ÏK pc) and the future βασιλεύσουσιν (basileusousin, “they will reign”; so א 1854 2053 ÏA pc lat co) is a difficult one. Both readings have excellent support. On the one hand, the present tense seems to be the harder reading in this context. On the other hand, codex A elsewhere mistakes the future for the present (20:6). Further, the lunar sigma in uncial script could have been overlooked by some scribes, resulting in the present tense. All things considered, there is a slight preference for the future.
[19:11] 6 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:11] 7 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
[19:11] 8 tn A new sentence was started in the translation at this point and καί (kai) was not translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:11] 9 tn Or “in righteousness,” but since the context here involves the punishment of the wicked and the vindication of the saints, “justice” was preferred.
[19:12] 10 tn The genitive noun πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive (see also Rev 1:14).
[19:12] 11 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.
[19:12] sn Diadem crowns were a type of crown used as a symbol of the highest ruling authority in a given area, and thus often associated with kingship.
[19:12] 12 tn Grk “head, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[19:12] 13 tn Although many translations supply a prepositional phrase to specify what the name was written on (“upon Him,” NASB; “on him,” NIV), there is no location for the name specified in the Greek text.
[19:13] 14 tc It appears that “dipped” (βεβαμμένον, bebammenon), supported by several uncials and other witnesses (A 051 Ï), is the original reading. Due to the lack of the preposition “in” (ἐν, en) after the verb (βεβαμμένον αἵματι, bebammenon {aimati), and also probably because of literary allusions to Isa 63:3, several
[19:13] tn Or perhaps “soaked.”
[19:13] 15 tn Grk “the name of him is called.”
[19:14] 16 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:14] 17 tn On the term translated “fine linen,” BDAG 185 s.v. βύσσινος states, “made of fine linen, subst. τὸ β. fine linen, linen garment…Rv 18:12, 16; 19:8, 14.”
[19:15] 18 tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
[19:15] 19 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:15] 20 tn Grk “will shepherd.”
[19:15] 21 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
[19:15] sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27, 12:5).
[19:15] 22 sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.
[19:15] 23 tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).
[19:15] 24 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
[19:17] 25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:17] 26 tn The precise significance of ἐν (en) here is difficult to determine.
[19:17] 27 tn On μεσουρανήματι (mesouranhmati) here see L&N 1.10: “high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.” The birds mentioned here are carrion birds like vultures, circling high overhead, and now being summoned to feast on the corpses.
[19:17] 28 tn This is the same Greek word (δεῖπνον, deipnon) used in 19:9.
[19:18] 29 tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.
[19:18] 30 tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.
[19:18] 31 tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).
[19:18] 32 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
[19:19] 33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:20] 34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.
[19:20] 35 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
[19:20] 36 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
[19:21] 37 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:21] 38 tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”
[20:1] 39 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[20:1] 40 tn The word “holding” is implied. The two clauses “having the key of the abyss” and “a huge chain in his hand” can be construed in two ways: (1) both are controlled by the participle ἔχοντα (econta) and both are modified by the phrase “in his hand” – “having in his hand the key to the abyss and a huge chain.” (2) The participle ἔχοντα refers only to the key, and the phrase “in his hand” refers only to the chain – “having the key of the abyss and holding a huge chain in his hand.” Because of the stylistic tendency in Rev to use the verb ἔχω (ecw) to mean “hold (something)” and the phrase “in his hand” forming a “bracket” along with the verb ἔχω around both the phrases in question, the first option is preferred.
[20:2] 41 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[20:3] 42 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel introduced in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[20:3] 43 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[20:3] 44 tn Or “and shut.” While the lexical force of the term is closer to “shut,” it is acceptable to render the verb ἔκλεισεν (ekleisen) as “locked” here in view of the mention of the key in the previous verse.
[20:4] 45 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[20:4] 46 tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”
[20:4] 47 tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.
[20:4] 48 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[20:4] 49 tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”
