Yohanes 12:36

12:36 While you have the light, believe in the light, so that you may become sons of light.” ¹  When Jesus had said these things, he went away and hid himself from them.

Yohanes 12:50

12:50 And I know that his commandment is eternal life. ²  Thus the things I say, I say just as the Father has told me.” ³ 

Yohanes 18:35

18:35 Pilate answered, “I am not a Jew, am I? ⁴  Your own people ⁵  and your chief priests handed you over ⁶  to me. What have you done?”

Yohanes 19:11

19:11 Jesus replied, “You would have no authority ⁷  over me at all, unless it was given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you ⁸  is guilty of greater sin.” ⁹ 

Yohanes 19:17

19:17 and carrying his own cross ¹⁰  he went out to the place called “The Place of the Skull” ¹¹  (called in Aramaic ¹²  Golgotha). ¹³ 

Yohanes 19:29

19:29 A jar full of sour wine ¹⁴  was there, so they put a sponge soaked in sour wine on a branch of hyssop ¹⁵  and lifted it ¹⁶  to his mouth.

[12:36]  ¹ tn The idiom “sons of light” means essentially “people characterized by light,” that is, “people of God.”

[12:36]  sn The expression sons of light refers to men and women to whom the truth of God has been revealed and who are therefore living according to that truth, thus, “people of God.”

[12:50]  ² tn Or “his commandment results in eternal life.”

[12:50]  ³ tn Grk “The things I speak, just as the Father has spoken to me, thus I speak.”

[18:35]  ⁴ sn Many have seen in Pilate’s reply “I am not a Jew, am I?” the Roman contempt for the Jewish people. Some of that may indeed be present, but strictly speaking, all Pilate affirms is that he, as a Roman, has no firsthand knowledge of Jewish custom or belief. What he knows of Jesus must have come from the Jewish authorities. They are the ones (your own people and your chief priests) who have handed Jesus over to Pilate.

[18:35]  ⁵ tn Or “your own nation.”

[18:35]  ⁶ tn Or “delivered you over.”

[19:11]  ⁷ tn Or “power.”

[19:11]  ⁸ tn Or “who delivered me over to you.”

[19:11]  sn The one who handed me over to you appears to be a reference to Judas at first; yet Judas did not deliver Jesus up to Pilate, but to the Jewish authorities. The singular may be a reference to Caiaphas, who as high priest was representative of all the Jewish authorities, or it may be a generic singular referring to all the Jewish authorities directly. In either case the end result is more or less the same.

[19:11]  ⁹ tn Grk “has the greater sin” (an idiom).

[19:11]  sn Because Pilate had no authority over Jesus except what had been given to him from God, the one who handed Jesus over to Pilate was guilty of greater sin. This does not absolve Pilate of guilt; it simply means his guilt was less than those who handed Jesus over to him, because he was not acting against Jesus out of deliberate hatred or calculated malice, like the Jewish religious authorities. These were thereby guilty of greater sin.

[19:17]  ¹⁰ tn Or “carrying the cross by himself.”

[19:17]  sn As was customary practice in a Roman crucifixion, the prisoner was made to carry his own cross. In all probability this was only the crossbeam, called in Latin the patibulum, since the upright beam usually remained in the ground at the place of execution. According to Matt 27:32 and Mark 15:21, the soldiers forced Simon to take the cross; Luke 23:26 states that the cross was placed on Simon so that it might be carried behind Jesus. A reasonable explanation of all this is that Jesus started out carrying the cross until he was no longer able to do so, at which point Simon was forced to take over.

[19:17]  ¹¹ sn Jesus was led out to the place called “The Place of the Skull” where he was to be crucified. It is clear from v. 20 that this was outside the city. The Latin word for the Greek κρανίον (kranion) is calvaria. Thus the English word “Calvary” is a transliteration of the Latin rather than a NT place name (cf. Luke 23:33 in the KJV).

[19:17]  ¹² tn Grk “in Hebrew.”

[19:17]  ¹³ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[19:29]  ¹⁴ sn The cheap sour wine was called in Latin posca, and referred to a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion.

[19:29]  ¹⁵ sn Hyssop was a small aromatic bush; exact identification of the plant is uncertain. The hyssop used to lift the wet sponge may have been a form of reed (κάλαμος, kalamo", “reed,” is used in Matt 27:48 and Mark 15:36); the biblical name can refer to several different species of plant (at least eighteen different plants have been suggested).

[19:29]  ¹⁶ tn Or “and brought it.”