Yesaya 3:2

3:2 the mighty men and warriors,

judges and prophets,

omen readers and leaders, ¹ 

Yesaya 9:15

9:15 The leaders and the highly respected people ²  are the head,

the prophets who teach lies are the tail.

Yesaya 3:5

3:5 The people will treat each other harshly;

men will oppose each other;

neighbors will fight. ³ 

Youths will proudly defy the elderly

and riffraff will challenge those who were once respected. ⁴ 

Yesaya 37:2

37:2 Eliakim the palace supervisor, Shebna the scribe, and the leading priests, ⁵  clothed in sackcloth, sent this message to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz:

Yesaya 20:4

20:4 so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, both young and old. They will be in undergarments and barefoot, with the buttocks exposed; the Egyptians will be publicly humiliated. ⁶ 

Yesaya 24:23

24:23 The full moon will be covered up, ⁷ 

the bright sun ⁸  will be darkened; ⁹ 

for the Lord who commands armies will rule ¹⁰ 

on Mount Zion in Jerusalem ¹¹ 

in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor. ¹² 

Yesaya 47:6

47:6 I was angry at my people;

I defiled my special possession

and handed them over to you.

You showed them no mercy; ¹³ 

you even placed a very heavy burden on old people. ¹⁴ 

Yesaya 3:14

3:14 The Lord comes to pronounce judgment

on the leaders of his people and their officials.

He says, ¹⁵  “It is you ¹⁶  who have ruined ¹⁷  the vineyard! ¹⁸ 

You have stashed in your houses what you have stolen from the poor. ¹⁹ 

Yesaya 65:20

65:20 Never again will one of her infants live just a few days ²⁰ 

or an old man die before his time. ²¹ 

Indeed, no one will die before the age of a hundred, ²² 

anyone who fails to reach ²³  the age of a hundred will be considered cursed.

Yesaya 13:12

13:12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold,

and people more scarce ²⁴  than gold from Ophir.

Yesaya 46:4

46:4 Even when you are old, I will take care of you, ²⁵ 

even when you have gray hair, I will carry you.

I made you and I will support you;

I will carry you and rescue you. ²⁶ 

Yesaya 45:10

45:10 Danger awaits one who says ²⁷  to his father,

“What in the world ²⁸  are you fathering?”

and to his mother,

“What in the world are you bringing forth?” ²⁹ 

Yesaya 25:6

25:6 The Lord who commands armies will hold a banquet for all the nations on this mountain. ³⁰ 

At this banquet there will be plenty of meat and aged wine –

tender meat and choicest wine. ³¹ 

Yesaya 11:1

An Ideal King Establishes a Kingdom of Peace

11:1 A shoot will grow out of Jesse’s ³²  root stock,

a bud will sprout ³³  from his roots.

Yesaya 51:6

51:6 Look up at the sky!

Look at the earth below!

For the sky will dissipate ³⁴  like smoke,

and the earth will wear out like clothes;

its residents will die like gnats.

But the deliverance I give ³⁵  is permanent;

the vindication I provide ³⁶  will not disappear. ³⁷ 

Yesaya 38:19

38:19 The living person, the living person, he gives you thanks,

as I do today.

A father tells his sons about your faithfulness.

Yesaya 50:9

50:9 Look, the sovereign Lord helps me.

Who dares to condemn me?

Look, all of them will wear out like clothes;

a moth will eat away at them.

Yesaya 4:1

4:1 Seven women will grab hold of

one man at that time. ³⁸ 

They will say, “We will provide ³⁹  our own food,

we will provide ⁴⁰  our own clothes;

but let us belong to you ⁴¹  –

take away our shame!” ⁴² 

Yesaya 37:27

37:27 Their residents are powerless; ⁴³ 

they are terrified and ashamed.

They are as short-lived as plants in the field

or green vegetation. ⁴⁴ 

They are as short-lived as grass on the rooftops ⁴⁵ 

when it is scorched by the east wind. ⁴⁶ 

[3:2]  ¹ tn Heb “elder” (so ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV); NCV “older leaders.”

[9:15]  ² tn Heb “the elder and the one lifted up with respect to the face.” For another example of the Hebrew idiom, see 2 Kgs 5:1.

[3:5]  ³ tn Heb “man against man, and a man against his neighbor.”

[3:5]  ⁴ tn Heb “and those lightly esteemed those who are respected.” The verb רָהַב (rahav) does double duty in the parallelism.

[37:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “elders of the priests” (so KJV, NAB, NASB); NCV “the older priests”; NRSV, TEV, CEV “the senior priests.”

[20:4]  ⁶ tn Heb “lightly dressed and barefoot, and bare with respect to the buttocks, the nakedness of Egypt.”

[24:23]  ⁷ tn Heb “will be ashamed.”

[24:23]  ⁸ tn Or “glow of the sun.”

[24:23]  ⁹ tn Heb “will be ashamed” (so NCV).

[24:23]  ¹⁰ tn Or “take his throne,” “become king.”

[24:23]  ¹¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[24:23]  ¹² tn Heb “and before his elders [in] splendor.”

[47:6]  ¹³ tn Or “compassion.”

[47:6]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “on the old you made very heavy your yoke.”

[3:14]  ¹⁵ tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[3:14]  ¹⁶ tn The pronominal element is masculine plural; the leaders are addressed.

[3:14]  ¹⁷ tn The verb בָּעַר (ba’ar, “graze, ruin”; HALOT 146 s.v. II בער) is a homonym of the more common בָּעַר (ba’ar, “burn”; see HALOT 145 s.v. I בער).

[3:14]  ¹⁸ sn The vineyard is a metaphor for the nation here. See 5:1-7.

[3:14]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “the plunder of the poor [is] in your houses” (so NASB).

[65:20]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and there will not be from there again a nursing infant of days,” i.e., one that lives just a few days.

[65:20]  ²¹ tn Heb “or an old [man] who does not fill out his days.”

[65:20]  ²² tn Heb “for the child as a son of one hundred years will die.” The point seems to be that those who die at the age of a hundred will be considered children, for the average life span will be much longer than that. The category “child” will be redefined in light of the expanded life spans that will characterize this new era.

[65:20]  ²³ tn Heb “the one who misses.” חָטָא (khata’) is used here in its basic sense of “miss the mark.” See HALOT 305 s.v. חטא. Another option is to translate, “and the sinner who reaches the age of a hundred will be cursed.”

[13:12]  ²⁴ tn The verb is supplied in the translation from the first line. The verb in the first line (“I will make scarce”) does double duty in the parallel structure of the verse.

[46:4]  ²⁵ tn Heb “until old age, I am he” (NRSV similar); NLT “I will be your God throughout your lifetime.”

[46:4]  ²⁶ sn Unlike the weary idol gods, whose images must be carried by animals, the Lord carries his weary people.

[45:10]  ²⁷ tn Heb “Woe [to] one who says” (NASB and NIV both similar); NCV “How terrible it will be.”

[45:10]  ²⁸ tn See the note at v. 9. This phrase occurs a second time later in this verse.

[45:10]  ²⁹ sn Verses 9-10 may allude to the exiles’ criticism that the Lord does not appear to know what he is doing.

[25:6]  ³⁰ sn That is, Mount Zion (see 24:23); cf. TEV; NLT “In Jerusalem.”

[25:6]  ³¹ tn Heb “And the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] will make for all the nations on this mountain a banquet of meats, a banquet of wine dregs, meats filled with marrow, dregs that are filtered.”

[11:1]  ³² sn The text mentions David’s father Jesse, instead of the great king himself. Perhaps this is done for rhetorical reasons to suggest that a new David, not just another disappointing Davidic descendant, will arise. Other prophets call the coming ideal Davidic king “David” or picture him as the second coming of David, as it were. See Jer 30:9; Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-25; Hos 3:5; and Mic 5:2 (as well as the note there).

[11:1]  ³³ tc The Hebrew text has יִפְרֶה (yifreh, “will bear fruit,” from פָּרָה, parah), but the ancient versions, as well as the parallelism suggest that יִפְרַח (yifrakh, “will sprout”, from פָּרַח, parakh) is the better reading here. See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:276, n. 2.

[51:6]  ³⁴ tn Heb “will be torn in pieces.” The perfect indicates the certitude of the event, from the Lord’s rhetorical perspective.

[51:6]  ³⁵ tn Heb “my deliverance.” The same Hebrew word can also be translated “salvation” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); cf. CEV “victory.”

[51:6]  ³⁶ tn Heb “my righteousness [or “vindication”].”

[51:6]  ³⁷ tn Heb “will not be shattered [or “dismayed”].”

[4:1]  ³⁸ tn Or “in that day” (ASV).

[4:1]  sn The seven to one ratio emphasizes the great disparity that will exist in the population due to the death of so many men in battle.

[4:1]  ³⁹ tn Heb “eat” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV); CEV “buy.”

[4:1]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “wear” (so NASB, NRSV); NCV “make.”

[4:1]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “only let your name be called over us.” The Hebrew idiom “call the name over” indicates ownership. See 2 Sam 12:28, and BDB 896 s.v. I ָקרָא Niph. 2.d.(4). The language reflects the cultural reality of ancient Israel, where women were legally the property of their husbands.

[4:1]  ⁴² sn This refers to the humiliation of being unmarried and childless. The women’s words reflect the cultural standards of ancient Israel, where a woman’s primary duties were to be a wife and mother.

[37:27]  ⁴³ tn Heb “short of hand”; KJV, ASV “of small power”; NASB “short of strength.”

[37:27]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “they are plants in the field and green vegetation.” The metaphor emphasizes how short-lived these seemingly powerful cities really were. See Ps 90:5-6; Isa 40:6-8, 24.

[37:27]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “[they are] grass on the rooftops.” See the preceding note.

[37:27]  ⁴⁶ tc The Hebrew text has “scorched before the standing grain” (perhaps meaning “before it reaches maturity”), but it is preferable to emend קָמָה (qamah, “standing grain”) to קָדִים (qadim, “east wind”) with the support of 1Q Isa^a; cf. J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:657, n. 8.