Ulangan 21:10

Laws Concerning Wives

21:10 When you go out to do battle with your enemies and the Lord your God allows you to prevail ¹  and you take prisoners,

Ulangan 21:2

21:2 your elders and judges must go out and measure how far it is to the cities in the vicinity of the corpse. ² 

1 Raja-raja 1:1-2

Adonijah Tries to Seize the Throne

1:1 King David was very old; ³  even when they covered him with blankets, ⁴  he could not get warm. 1:2 His servants advised ⁵  him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, ⁶  to take care of the king’s needs ⁷  and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you ⁸  and keep our master, the king, warm.” ⁹ 

1 Tawarikh 1:10

1:10 Cush was the father of Nimrod, who established himself as a mighty warrior on earth. ¹⁰ 

Nahum 3:10

3:10 Yet she went into captivity as an exile; ¹¹ 

even her infants were smashed to pieces ¹²  at the head of every street.

They cast lots ¹³  for her nobility; ¹⁴ 

all her dignitaries were bound with chains.

[21:10]  ¹ tn Heb “gives him into your hands.”

[21:2]  ² tn Heb “surrounding the slain [one].”

[1:1]  ³ tn Heb “was old, coming into the days” (i.e., advancing in years).

[1:1]  ⁴ tn Or “garments.”

[1:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “said to.”

[1:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).

[1:2]  ⁷ tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).

[1:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.

[1:2]  ⁹ tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”

[1:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “he began to be a mighty warrior in the earth.”

[3:10]  ¹¹ tc The MT reads לַגֹּלָה (laggolah, “as a captive”) with the preposition לְ (lamed) denoting essence/identity. On the other hand, 4QpNah reads בגולה (“as a captive”) with the preposition בְּ (bet) denoting essence/identity (“as a captive”). The LXX’s αἰξμάλωτος (aixmalwto", “as a prisoner”) does not reveal which preposition was the original.

[3:10]  ¹² tc The past-time reference of the context indicates that the Pual verb יְרֻטְּשׁוּ (yÿruttÿshu) is a preterite describing past action (“they were smashed to pieces”) rather than an imperfect describing future action (“they will be smashed to pieces”). The past-time sense is supported by the Syriac and Vulgate. The LXX, however, misunderstood the form as an imperfect. Not recognizing that the form is a preterite, the BHS editors suggest emending to Pual perfect רֻטְּשׁוּ (ruttÿshu, “they were smashed to pieces”). This emendation is unnecessary once the possibility of a preterite is recognized. The Masoretic reading is supported by the reading ירוטשו found in the Dead Sea Scrolls (4QpNah 3:10).

[3:10]  ¹³ tc The MT reads יַדּוּ (yadu, “they cast [lots]”) from יָדַד (yadad, “to cast [lots]”). On the other hand, the Dead Sea Scrolls (4QpNah) read ירו (“they threw, cast [lots]”) from יָרָה (yarah, “to throw, cast [lots]”) (e.g., Josh 18:6). The textual variant arose due to orthographic confusion between ד (dalet) and ר (resh) – two Hebrew letters very similar in appearance. The root יָדַד is relatively rare – it occurs only two other times (Obad 11; Joel 4:3 [3:3 ET]) – therefore, it might have been confused with יָרָה which appears more frequently.

[3:10]  ¹⁴ tc The MT and Dead Sea Scrolls (4QpNah) read ועל נכבדיה (“for her nobles”). The LXX reflects וְעַל כָּל נִכְבַּדֶּיהָ (vÿ’al kol nikhbaddeha, “for all her nobles”), adding כָּל (“all”). The LXX addition probably was caused by the influence of the repetition of כָּל in the preceding and following lines.