Lukas 3:15-22
Konteks3:15 While the people were filled with anticipation 1 and they all wondered 2 whether perhaps John 3 could be the Christ, 4 3:16 John answered them all, 5 “I baptize you with water, 6 but one more powerful than I am is coming – I am not worthy 7 to untie the strap 8 of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 9 3:17 His winnowing fork 10 is in his hand to clean out his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse, 11 but the chaff he will burn up with inextinguishable fire.” 12
3:18 And in this way, 13 with many other exhortations, John 14 proclaimed good news to the people. 3:19 But when John rebuked Herod 15 the tetrarch 16 because of Herodias, his brother’s wife, 17 and because of all the evil deeds 18 that he had done, 3:20 Herod added this to them all: He locked up John in prison.
3:21 Now when 19 all the people were baptized, Jesus also was baptized. And while he was praying, 20 the heavens 21 opened, 3:22 and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form like a dove. 22 And a voice came from heaven, “You are my one dear Son; 23 in you I take great delight.” 24
[3:15] 1 tn Or “with expectation.” The participle προσδοκῶντος (prosdokwnto") is taken temporally.
[3:15] sn The people were filled with anticipation because they were hoping God would send someone to deliver them.
[3:15] 2 tn Grk “pondered in their hearts.”
[3:15] 3 tn Grk “in their hearts concerning John, (whether) perhaps he might be the Christ.” The translation simplifies the style here.
[3:15] 4 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[3:15] sn See the note on Christ in 2:11.
[3:16] 5 tn Grk “answered them all, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant and has not been translated.
[3:16] 6 tc A few
[3:16] 7 tn Grk “of whom I am not worthy.”
[3:16] sn The humility of John is evident in the statement I am not worthy. This was considered one of the least worthy tasks of a slave, and John did not consider himself worthy to do even that for the one to come, despite the fact he himself was a prophet!
[3:16] 8 tn The term refers to the leather strap or thong used to bind a sandal. This is often viewed as a collective singular and translated as a plural, “the straps of his sandals,” but it may be more emphatic to retain the singular here.
[3:16] 9 sn With the Holy Spirit and fire. There are differing interpretations for this phrase regarding the number of baptisms and their nature. (1) Some see one baptism here, and this can be divided further into two options. (a) The baptism of the Holy Spirit and fire could refer to the cleansing, purifying work of the Spirit in the individual believer through salvation and sanctification, or (b) it could refer to two different results of Christ’s ministry: Some accept Christ and are baptized with the Holy Spirit, but some reject him and receive judgment. (2) Other interpreters see two baptisms here: The baptism of the Holy Spirit refers to the salvation Jesus brings at his first advent, in which believers receive the Holy Spirit, and the baptism of fire refers to the judgment Jesus will bring upon the world at his second coming. One must take into account both the image of fire and whether individual or corporate baptism is in view. A decision is not easy on either issue. The image of fire is used to refer to both eternal judgment (e.g., Matt 25:41) and the power of the Lord’s presence to purge and cleanse his people (e.g., Isa 4:4-5). The pouring out of the Spirit at Pentecost, a fulfillment of this prophecy no matter which interpretation is taken, had both individual and corporate dimensions. It is possible that since Holy Spirit and fire are governed by a single preposition in Greek, the one-baptism view may be more likely, but this is not certain. Simply put, there is no consensus view in scholarship at this time on the best interpretation of this passage.
[3:17] 10 sn A winnowing fork is a pitchfork-like tool used to toss threshed grain in the air so that the wind blows away the chaff, leaving the grain to fall to the ground. The note of purging is highlighted by the use of imagery involving sifting though threshed grain for the useful kernels.
[3:17] 11 tn Or “granary,” “barn” (referring to a building used to store a farm’s produce rather than a building for housing livestock).
[3:17] 12 sn The image of fire that cannot be extinguished is from the OT: Job 20:26; Isa 34:8-10; 66:24.
[3:18] 13 tn On construction μὲν οὖν καί (men oun kai), see BDF §451.1.
[3:18] 14 tn Grk “he”; the referent (John) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[3:19] 15 sn Herod refers here to Herod Antipas. See the note on Herod Antipas in 3:1.
[3:19] 16 sn See the note on tetrarch in 3:1.
[3:19] 17 tc Several
[3:19] sn This marriage to his brother’s wife was a violation of OT law (Lev 18:16; 20:21). In addition, both Herod Antipas and Herodias had each left previous marriages to enter into this union.
[3:19] 18 tn Or “immoralities.”
[3:21] 19 tn Grk “Now it happened that when.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
[3:21] 20 tn Grk “and while Jesus was being baptized and praying.” The first of these participles has been translated as a finite verb to be more consistent with English style.
[3:21] 21 tn Or “the sky”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. In this context, although the word is singular, the English plural “heavens” connotes the Greek better than the singular “heaven” would, for the singular does not normally refer to the sky.
[3:22] 22 tn This phrase is a descriptive comparison. The Spirit is not a dove, but descends like one in some type of bodily representation.
[3:22] 23 tn Grk “my beloved Son,” or “my Son, the beloved [one].” The force of ἀγαπητός (agaphtos) is often “pertaining to one who is the only one of his or her class, but at the same time is particularly loved and cherished” (L&N 58.53; cf. also BDAG 7 s.v. 1).
[3:22] 24 tc Instead of “You are my one dear Son; in you I take great delight,” one Greek ms and several Latin
[3:22] tn Or “with you I am well pleased.”
[3:22] sn The allusions in the remarks of the text recall Ps 2:7a; Isa 42:1 and either Isa 41:8 or, less likely, Gen 22:12,16. God is marking out Jesus as his chosen one (the meaning of “[in you I take] great delight”), but it may well be that this was a private experience that only Jesus and John saw and heard (cf. John 1:32-33).
