Imamat 19:1
Konteks19:1 The Lord spoke to Moses:
Imamat 6:1-30
Konteks6:1 (5:20) 1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 2 6:2 “When a person sins and commits a trespass 3 against the Lord by deceiving his fellow citizen 4 in regard to something held in trust, or a pledge, or something stolen, or by extorting something from his fellow citizen, 5 6:3 or has found something lost and denies it and swears falsely 6 concerning any one of the things that someone might do to sin 7 – 6:4 when it happens that he sins and he is found guilty, 8 then he must return whatever he had stolen, or whatever he had extorted, or the thing that he had held in trust, 9 or the lost thing that he had found, 6:5 or anything about which he swears falsely. 10 He must restore it in full 11 and add one fifth to it; he must give it to its owner when he is found guilty. 12 6:6 Then he must bring his guilt offering to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels, 13 for a guilt offering to the priest. 6:7 So the priest will make atonement 14 on his behalf before the Lord and he will be forgiven 15 for whatever he has done to become guilty.” 16
6:8 (6:1) 17 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 18 6:9 “Command Aaron and his sons, ‘This is the law of the burnt offering. The burnt offering is to remain on the hearth 19 on the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar must be kept burning on it. 20 6:10 Then the priest must put on his linen robe and must put linen leggings 21 over his bare flesh, and he must take up the fatty ashes of the burnt offering that the fire consumed on the altar, 22 and he must place them 23 beside the altar. 6:11 Then he must take off his clothes and put on other clothes, and he must bring the fatty ashes outside the camp to a ceremonially 24 clean place, 6:12 but the fire which is on the altar must be kept burning on it. 25 It must not be extinguished. So the priest must kindle wood on it morning by morning, and he must arrange the burnt offering on it and offer the fat of the peace offering up in smoke on it. 6:13 A continual fire must be kept burning on the altar. It must not be extinguished.
6:14 “‘This is the law of the grain offering. The sons of Aaron are to present it 26 before the Lord in front of the altar, 6:15 and the priest 27 must take up with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering 28 and some of its olive oil, and all of the frankincense that is on the grain offering, and he must offer its memorial portion 29 up in smoke on the altar 30 as a soothing aroma to the Lord. 31 6:16 Aaron and his sons are to eat what is left over from it. It must be eaten unleavened in a holy place; they are to eat it in the courtyard of the Meeting Tent. 6:17 It must not be baked with yeast. 32 I have given it as their portion from my gifts. It is most holy, 33 like the sin offering and the guilt offering. 6:18 Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it. It is a perpetual allotted portion 34 throughout your generations 35 from the gifts of the Lord. Anyone who touches these gifts 36 must be holy.’” 37
6:19 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 38 6:20 “This is the offering of Aaron and his sons which they must present to the Lord on the day when he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah 39 of choice wheat flour 40 as a continual grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 6:21 It must be made with olive oil on a griddle and you must bring it well soaked, 41 so you must present a grain offering of broken pieces 42 as a soothing aroma to the Lord. 6:22 The high priest who succeeds him 43 from among his sons must do it. It is a perpetual statute; it must be offered up in smoke as a whole offering to the Lord. 6:23 Every grain offering of a priest must be a whole offering; it must not be eaten.”
6:24 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 44 6:25 “Tell Aaron and his sons, ‘This is the law of the sin offering. In the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered the sin offering must be slaughtered before the Lord. It is most holy. 45 6:26 The priest who offers it for sin is to eat it. It must be eaten in a holy place, in the court of the Meeting Tent. 6:27 Anyone who touches its meat must be holy, and whoever spatters some of its blood on a garment, 46 you must wash 47 whatever he spatters it on in a holy place. 6:28 Any clay vessel it is boiled in must be broken, and if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then that vessel 48 must be rubbed out and rinsed in water. 6:29 Any male among the priests may eat it. It is most holy. 49 6:30 But any sin offering from which some of its blood is brought into the Meeting Tent to make atonement in the sanctuary must not be eaten. It must be burned up in the fire. 50
Imamat 27:1-34
Konteks27:1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 27:2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When a man makes a special votive offering 51 based on the conversion value of persons to the Lord, 52 27:3 the conversion value of the male 53 from twenty years old up to sixty years old 54 is fifty shekels by the standard of the sanctuary shekel. 55 27:4 If the person is a female, the conversion value is thirty shekels. 27:5 If the person is from five years old up to twenty years old, the conversion value of the male is twenty shekels, and for the female ten shekels. 27:6 If the person is one month old up to five years old, the conversion value of the male is five shekels of silver, 56 and for the female the conversion value is three shekels of silver. 27:7 If the person is from sixty years old and older, if he is a male the conversion value is fifteen shekels, and for the female ten shekels. 27:8 If he is too poor to pay the conversion value, he must stand the person before the priest and the priest will establish his conversion value; 57 according to what the man who made the vow can afford, 58 the priest will establish his conversion value.
27:9 “‘If what is vowed is a kind of animal from which an offering may be presented 59 to the Lord, anything which he gives to the Lord from this kind of animal 60 will be holy. 27:10 He must not replace or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good, and if he does indeed exchange one animal for another animal, then both the original animal 61 and its substitute will be holy. 27:11 If what is vowed is an unclean animal from which an offering must not be presented to the Lord, then he must stand the animal before the priest, 27:12 and the priest will establish its conversion value, 62 whether good or bad. According to the assessed conversion value of the priest, thus it will be. 27:13 If, however, the person who made the vow redeems the animal, 63 he must add one fifth to 64 its conversion value.
27:14 “‘If a man consecrates his house as holy to the Lord, the priest will establish its conversion value, whether good or bad. Just as the priest establishes its conversion value, thus it will stand. 65 27:15 If the one who consecrates it redeems his house, he must add to it one fifth of its conversion value in silver, and it will belong to him. 66
27:16 “‘If a man consecrates to the Lord some of his own landed property, the conversion value must be calculated in accordance with the amount of seed needed to sow it, 67 a homer of barley seed being priced at fifty shekels of silver. 68 27:17 If he consecrates his field in the jubilee year, 69 the conversion value will stand, 27:18 but if 70 he consecrates his field after the jubilee, the priest will calculate the price 71 for him according to the years that are left until the next jubilee year, and it will be deducted from the conversion value. 27:19 If, however, the one who consecrated the field redeems it, 72 he must add to it one fifth of the conversion price 73 and it will belong to him. 74 27:20 If he does not redeem the field, but sells 75 the field to someone else, he may never redeem it. 27:21 When it reverts 76 in the jubilee, the field will be holy to the Lord like a permanently dedicated field; 77 it will become the priest’s property. 78
27:22 “‘If he consecrates to the Lord a field he has purchased, 79 which is not part of his own landed property, 27:23 the priest will calculate for him the amount of its conversion value until the jubilee year, and he must pay 80 the conversion value on that jubilee day as something that is holy to the Lord. 27:24 In the jubilee year the field will return to the one from whom he bought it, the one to whom it belongs as landed property. 27:25 Every conversion value must be calculated by the standard of the sanctuary shekel; 81 twenty gerahs to the shekel.
27:26 “‘Surely no man may consecrate a firstborn that already belongs to the Lord as a firstborn among the animals; whether it is an ox or a sheep, it belongs to the Lord. 82 27:27 If, however, 83 it is among the unclean animals, he may ransom it according to 84 its conversion value and must add one fifth to it, but if it is not redeemed it must be sold according to its conversion value.
27:28 “‘Surely anything which a man permanently dedicates to the Lord 85 from all that belongs to him, whether from people, animals, or his landed property, must be neither sold nor redeemed; anything permanently dedicated is most holy to the Lord. 27:29 Any human being who is permanently dedicated 86 must not be ransomed; such a person must be put to death.
27:30 “‘Any tithe 87 of the land, from the grain of the land or from the fruit of the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord. 27:31 If a man redeems 88 part of his tithe, however, he must add one fifth to it. 89 27:32 All the tithe of herd or flock, everything which passes under the rod, the tenth one will be holy to the Lord. 90 27:33 The owner 91 must not examine the animals to distinguish between good and bad, and he must not exchange it. If, however, he does exchange it, 92 both the original animal 93 and its substitute will be holy. 94 It must not be redeemed.’”
27:34 These are the commandments which the Lord commanded Moses to tell the Israelites 95 at Mount Sinai.
[6:1] 1 sn Beginning with 6:1, the verse numbers through 6:30 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 6:1 ET = 5:20 HT, 6:2 ET = 5:21 HT, 6:8 ET = 6:1 HT, etc., through 6:30 ET = 6:23 HT. Beginning with 7:1 the verse numbers in the English text and Hebrew text are again the same.
[6:1] 2 sn This paragraph is Lev 6:1-7 in the English Bible but Lev 5:20-26 in the Hebrew text. The quotation introduced by v. 1 extends from Lev 6:2 (5:21 HT) through 6:7 (5:26 HT), encompassing the third main section of guilt offering regulations. Compare the notes on Lev 1:1; 4:1; and 5:14 above.
[6:2] 3 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, ma’al). See the note on 5:15.
[6:2] 4 tn Or “neighbor” (ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NASB “companion”; TEV “a fellow-Israelite.”
[6:2] 5 tn Heb “has extorted his neighbor”; ASV “oppressed”; NRSV “defrauded.”
[6:3] 6 tn Heb “and swears on falsehood”; cf. CEV “deny something while under oath.”
[6:3] 7 tn Heb “on one from all which the man shall do to sin in them.”
[6:4] 8 tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61.
[6:4] 9 tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.”
[6:5] 10 tn Heb “or from all which he swears on it to falsehood.”
[6:5] 11 tn Heb “in its head.” This refers “the full amount” in terms of the “principal,” the original item or amount obtained illegally (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:338; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 84).
[6:5] 12 tn Heb “to whom it is to him he shall give it in the day of his being guilty.” The present translation is based on the view that he has been found guilty through the legal process (see the note on v. 4 above; cf., e.g., TEV and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 33-34). Others translate the latter part as “in the day he offers his guilt [reparation] offering” (e.g., NIV and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73, 84), or “in the day he realizes his guilt” (e.g., NRSV and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:319, 338).
[6:6] 13 tn The words “into silver shekels” are supplied here. See the full expression in Lev 5:15, and compare 5:18. Cf. NRSV “or its equivalent”; NLT “or the animal’s equivalent value in silver.”
[6:7] 14 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
[6:7] 15 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
[6:7] 16 tn Heb “on one from all which he does to become guilty in it”; NAB “whatever guilt he may have incurred.”
[6:8] 17 sn Lev 6:8 in the English Bible = 6:1 in the Hebrew text. See also the note on 6:1.
[6:8] 18 sn The following paragraphs are Lev 6:8-30 in the English Bible but 6:1-23 in the Hebrew text. This initial verse makes the special priestly regulations for the people’s burnt and grain offerings into a single unit (i.e., Lev 6:8-18 [6:1-11 HT]; cf. Lev 1-2 above). Note also the separate introductions for various priestly regulations in Lev 6:19 [12 HT], 24 [17 HT], and for the common people in Lev 7:22, 28 below.
[6:9] 19 tn Heb “It is the burnt offering on the hearth.”
[6:9] 20 tn Heb “in it.” In this context “in it” apparently refers to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar.
[6:10] 21 tn The exact nature of this article of the priest’s clothing is difficult to determine. Cf. KJV, ASV “breeches”; NAB “drawers”; NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “undergarments”; NCV “underclothes”; CEV “underwear”; TEV “shorts.”
[6:10] 22 tn Heb “he shall lift up the fatty ashes which the fire shall consume the burnt offering on the altar.”
[6:10] 23 tn Heb “it,” referring the “fatty ashes” as a single unit.
[6:11] 24 tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness of the place involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature.
[6:12] 25 tn Heb “in it,” apparently referring to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar (cf. the note on v. 9).
[6:14] 26 tn Heb “offering it, the sons of Aaron.” The verb is a Hiphil infinitive absolute, which is used here in place of the finite verb as either a jussive (GKC 346 §113.cc, “let the sons of Aaron offer”) or more likely an injunctive in light of the verbs that follow (Joüon 2:430 §123.v, “the sons of Aaron shall/must offer”).
[6:15] 27 tn Heb “and he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. The “he” refers to the officiating priest. A similar shift between singular and plural occurs in Lev 1:7-9, but see the note on Lev 1:7 and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 89 for the possibility of textual corruption.
[6:15] 28 tn Heb “shall take up from it with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering.”
[6:15] 29 sn See the note on Lev 2:2.
[6:15] 30 tc Smr reading, which includes the locative ה (hey, translated “on” the altar), is preferred here. This is the normal construction with the verb “offer up in smoke” in Lev 1-7 (see the note on Lev 1:9).
[6:15] 31 tn Heb “and he shall offer up in smoke [on] the altar a soothing aroma, its memorial portion, to the
[6:17] 32 tn Heb “It must not be baked leavened” (cf. Lev 2:11). The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.
[6:17] 33 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is”; cf. NAB “most sacred.”
[6:18] 34 tn Or “a perpetual regulation”; cf. NASB “a permanent ordinance”; NRSV “as their perpetual due.”
[6:18] 35 tn Heb “for your generations”; cf. NIV “for the generations to come.”
[6:18] 36 tn Heb “touches them”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. In this context “them” must refer to the “gifts” of the
[6:18] 37 tn Or “anyone/anything that touches them shall become holy” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:443-56). The question is whether this refers to the contagious nature of holy objects (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) or whether it simply sets forth a demand that anyone who touches the holy gifts of the
[6:19] 38 sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT] above.
[6:20] 39 sn A tenth of an ephah is about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306).
[6:20] 40 tn For the rendering “choice wheat flour” see the note on Lev 2:1.
[6:21] 41 tn The term rendered here “well soaked” (see, e.g., NRSV; the Hebrew term is מֻרְבֶּכֶת, murbbekhet) occurs only three times (here; 7:12, and 1 Chr 23:29), and is sometimes translated “well-mixed” (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT; NASB “well stirred”; NAB “well kneaded”). The meaning is uncertain (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:399-400), but in Lev 7:12 it stands parallel to already prepared grain offerings either “mixed” (the Hebrew term is בְּלוּלֹת (bÿlulot), not מֻרְבֶּכֶת as in Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT]) or anointed with oil.
[6:21] 42 tn Heb “broken bits [?] of a grain offering of pieces,” but the meaning of the Hebrew term rendered here “broken bits” (תֻּפִינֵי, tufiney) is quite uncertain. Some take it from the Hebrew verb “to break up, to crumble” (פַּת [pat]; e.g., the Syriac, NAB, NIV, NLT “broken” pieces) and others from “to bake” (אָפַה, ’afah; e.g., NRSV “baked pieces”). For a good summary of other proposed options, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90. Compare Lev 2:5-6 for the general regulations regarding this manner of grain offering. Similar but less problematic terminology is used there.
[6:22] 43 tn Heb “And the anointed priest under him.”
[6:24] 44 sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT].
[6:25] 45 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is.” Cf. NAB “most sacred”; CEV “very sacred”; TEV “very holy.”
[6:27] 46 tn Heb “on the garment”; NCV “on any clothes”; CEV “on the clothes of the priest.”
[6:27] 47 tc The translation “you must wash” is based on the MT as it stands (cf. NASB, NIV). Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Ps.-J., and the Vulgate have a third person masculine singular passive form (Pual), “[the garment] must be washed” (cf. NAB, NRSV, NLT). This could also be supported from the verbs in the following verse, and it requires only a repointing of the Hebrew text with no change in consonants. See the remarks in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90 and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:404.
[6:28] 48 tn Heb “it”; the words “that vessel” are supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.
[6:29] 49 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is” (also in 7:1).
[6:30] 50 tn Heb “burned with fire,” an expression which is sometimes redundant in English, but here means “burned up,” “burned up entirely.”
[27:2] 51 tn Cf. the note on Lev 22:21. Some take this as an expression for fulfilling a vow, “to fulfill a vow” (e.g., HALOT 927-28 s.v. פלא piel and NASB; cf. NRSV “in fulfillment of a vow”) or, alternatively, “to make a vow” or “for making a vow” (HALOT 928 s.v. פלא piel [II פלא]). Perhaps it refers to the making a special vow, from the verb פָלָא (pala’, “to be wonderful; to be remarkable”), cf. Milgrom, Numbers [JPSTC], 44. B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 151 and 193, suggests that this is a special term for “setting aside a votive offering” (related to פָלָה, palah, “to set aside”). In general, the point of the expression seems to be that this sacrifice is a special gift to God that arose out of special circumstances in the life of the worshiper.
[27:2] 52 tn Heb “in your valuation, persons to the
[27:3] 53 tn Heb “your conversion value shall be [for] the male.”
[27:3] 54 tn Heb “from a son of twenty years and until a son of sixty years.”
[27:3] 55 tn See the note on Lev 5:15.
[27:6] 56 tn Heb “five shekels silver.”
[27:8] 57 tn Heb “and the priest shall cause him to be valued.”
[27:8] 58 tn Heb “on the mouth which the hand of the one who vowed reaches.”
[27:9] 59 tn Heb “which they may present from it an offering.” The plural active verb is sometimes best rendered in the passive (GKC 460 §144.f, g). Some medieval Hebrew
[27:9] 60 tn Heb “from it.” The masculine suffix “it” here is used for the feminine in the MT, but one medieval Hebrew
[27:10] 61 tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:12] 62 tn Heb “and the priest shall cause it to be valued.” See the note on v. 8 above.
[27:13] 63 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. The referent of “he” (the person who made the vow) and “it” (the animal) have both been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:13] 64 tn Heb “on,” meaning “on top of, in addition to” (likewise in v. 15).
[27:14] 65 tn The expression “it shall stand” may be a technical term for “it shall be legally valid”; cf. NLT “assessment will be final.”
[27:15] 66 tn Heb “and it shall be to him.”
[27:16] 67 tn Heb “a conversion value shall be to the mouth of its seed.”
[27:16] 68 tn Heb “seed of a homer of barley in fifty shekels of silver.”
[27:17] 69 tn Heb “from the year of the jubilee.” For the meaning of “jubilee,” see the note on Lev 25:10 above.
[27:18] 70 tn Heb “And if.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have adversative force here.
[27:18] 71 tn Heb “the silver.”
[27:19] 72 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems [finite verb] the field, the one who consecrated it.” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
[27:19] 73 tn Heb “the silver of the conversion value.”
[27:19] 74 tn Heb “and it shall rise to him.” See HALOT 1087 s.v. קום 7 for the rendering offered here, but see also the note on the end of v. 14 above (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 476, 478).
[27:20] 75 tn Heb “and if he sells.”
[27:21] 76 tn Heb “When it goes out” (cf. Lev 25:25-34).
[27:21] 77 tn Heb “like the field of the permanent dedication.” The Hebrew word חֵרֶם (kherem) is a much discussed term. In this and the following verses it refers in a general way to the fact that something is permanently devoted to the
[27:21] 78 tn Heb “to the priest it shall be his property.”
[27:22] 79 tn Heb “his field of purchase,” which is to be distinguished from his own ancestral “landed property” (cf. v. 16 above).
[27:23] 80 tn Heb “give” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NLT).
[27:25] 81 tn See the note on Lev 5:15.
[27:26] 82 tn Heb “to the
[27:27] 84 tn Heb “in” or “by.”
[27:28] 85 tn Heb “Surely, any permanently dedicated [thing] which a man shall permanently dedicate to the
[27:29] 86 tn Heb “permanently dedicated from among men.”
[27:30] 87 tn On the “tithe” system in Israel, see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:1035-55 and esp. pp. 1041-42 on Lev 27:30-33.
[27:31] 88 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] a man redeems [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
[27:31] 89 tn Heb “its one fifth on it.”
[27:32] 90 sn The tithed animal was the tenth one that passed under the shepherd’s rod or staff as they were being counted (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 485, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 200).
[27:33] 91 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the owner of the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:33] 92 tn Heb “And if exchanging [infinitive absolute] he exchanges it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
[27:33] 93 tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:33] 94 tn Heb “it shall be and its substitute shall be holy.”
[27:34] 95 tn Most of the commentaries and English versions translate, “which the
