Imamat 26:14-46
Konteks26:14 “‘If, however, 1 you do not obey me and keep 2 all these commandments – 26:15 if you reject my statutes and abhor my regulations so that you do not keep 3 all my commandments and you break my covenant – 26:16 I for my part 4 will do this to you: I will inflict horror on you, consumption and fever, which diminish eyesight and drain away the vitality of life. 5 You will sow your seed in vain because 6 your enemies will eat it. 7 26:17 I will set my face against you. You will be struck down before your enemies, those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when there is no one pursuing you.
26:18 “‘If, in spite of all these things, 8 you do not obey me, I will discipline you seven times more on account of your sins. 9 26:19 I will break your strong pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze. 26:20 Your strength will be used up in vain, your land will not give its yield, and the trees of the land 10 will not produce their fruit.
26:21 “‘If you walk in hostility against me 11 and are not willing to obey me, I will increase your affliction 12 seven times according to your sins. 26:22 I will send the wild animals 13 against you and they will bereave you of your children, 14 annihilate your cattle, and diminish your population 15 so that your roads will become deserted.
26:23 “‘If in spite of these things 16 you do not allow yourselves to be disciplined and you walk in hostility against me, 17 26:24 I myself will also walk in hostility against you and strike you 18 seven times on account of your sins. 26:25 I will bring on you an avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. 19 Although 20 you will gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you and you will be given into enemy hands. 21 26:26 When I break off your supply of bread, 22 ten women will bake your bread in one oven; they will ration your bread by weight, 23 and you will eat and not be satisfied.
26:27 “‘If in spite of this 24 you do not obey me but walk in hostility against me, 25 26:28 I will walk in hostile rage against you 26 and I myself will also discipline you seven times on account of your sins. 26:29 You will eat the flesh of your sons and the flesh of your daughters. 27 26:30 I will destroy your high places and cut down your incense altars, 28 and I will stack your dead bodies on top of the lifeless bodies of your idols. 29 I will abhor you. 30 26:31 I will lay your cities waste 31 and make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will refuse to smell your soothing aromas. 26:32 I myself will make the land desolate and your enemies who live in it will be appalled. 26:33 I will scatter you among the nations and unsheathe the sword 32 after you, so your land will become desolate and your cities will become a waste.
26:34 “‘Then the land will make up for 33 its Sabbaths all the days it lies desolate while you are in the land of your enemies; then the land will rest and make up its Sabbaths. 26:35 All the days of the desolation it will have the rest it did not have 34 on your Sabbaths when you lived on it.
26:36 “‘As for 35 the ones who remain among you, I will bring despair into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a blowing leaf will pursue them, and they will flee as one who flees the sword and fall down even though there is no pursuer. 26:37 They will stumble over each other as those who flee before a sword, though 36 there is no pursuer, and there will be no one to take a stand 37 for you before your enemies. 26:38 You will perish among the nations; the land of your enemies will consume you.
26:39 “‘As for the ones who remain among you, they will rot away because of 38 their iniquity in the lands of your enemies, and they will also rot away because of their ancestors’ 39 iniquities which are with them. 26:40 However, when 40 they confess their iniquity and their ancestors’ iniquity which they committed by trespassing against me, 41 by which they also walked 42 in hostility against me 43 26:41 (and I myself will walk in hostility against them and bring them into the land of their enemies), and 44 then their uncircumcised hearts become humbled and they make up for 45 their iniquity, 26:42 I will remember my covenant with Jacob and also my covenant with Isaac and also my covenant with Abraham, 46 and I will remember the land. 26:43 The land will be abandoned by them 47 in order that it may make up for 48 its Sabbaths while it is made desolate 49 without them, 50 and they will make up for their iniquity because 51 they have rejected my regulations and have abhorred 52 my statutes. 26:44 In spite of this, however, when they are in the land of their enemies I will not reject them and abhor them to make a complete end of them, to break my covenant with them, for I am the Lord their God. 26:45 I will remember for them the covenant with their ancestors 53 whom I brought out from the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God. I am the Lord.’”
26:46 These are the statutes, regulations, and instructions which the Lord established 54 between himself and the Israelites at Mount Sinai through 55 Moses.
Ulangan 28:15-68
Konteks28:15 “But if you ignore 56 the Lord your God and are not careful to keep all his commandments and statutes I am giving you today, then all these curses will come upon you in full force: 57 28:16 You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the field. 28:17 Your basket and your mixing bowl will be cursed. 28:18 Your children 58 will be cursed, as well as the produce of your soil, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks. 28:19 You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out. 59
28:20 “The Lord will send on you a curse, confusing you and opposing you 60 in everything you undertake 61 until you are destroyed and quickly perish because of the evil of your deeds, in that you have forsaken me. 62 28:21 The Lord will plague you with deadly diseases 63 until he has completely removed you from the land you are about to possess. 28:22 He 64 will afflict you with weakness, 65 fever, inflammation, infection, 66 sword, 67 blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish. 28:23 The 68 sky 69 above your heads will be bronze and the earth beneath you iron. 28:24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed.
28:25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror 70 to all the kingdoms of the earth. 28:26 Your carcasses will be food for every bird of the sky and wild animal of the earth, and there will be no one to chase them off. 28:27 The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, eczema, and scabies, all of which cannot be healed. 28:28 The Lord will also subject you to madness, blindness, and confusion of mind. 71 28:29 You will feel your way along at noon like the blind person does in darkness and you will not succeed in anything you do; 72 you will be constantly oppressed and continually robbed, with no one to save you. 28:30 You will be engaged to a woman and another man will rape 73 her. You will build a house but not live in it. You will plant a vineyard but not even begin to use it. 28:31 Your ox will be slaughtered before your very eyes but you will not eat of it. Your donkey will be stolen from you as you watch and will not be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be given to your enemies and there will be no one to save you. 28:32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another people while you look on in vain all day, and you will be powerless to do anything about it. 74 28:33 As for the produce of your land and all your labor, a people you do not know will consume it, and you will be nothing but oppressed and crushed for the rest of your lives. 28:34 You will go insane from seeing all this. 28:35 The Lord will afflict you in your knees and on your legs with painful, incurable boils – from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. 28:36 The Lord will force you and your king 75 whom you will appoint over you to go away to a people whom you and your ancestors have not known, and you will serve other gods of wood and stone there. 28:37 You will become an occasion of horror, a proverb, and an object of ridicule to all the peoples to whom the Lord will drive you.
28:38 “You will take much seed to the field but gather little harvest, because locusts will consume it. 28:39 You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink wine or gather in grapes, because worms will eat them. 28:40 You will have olive trees throughout your territory but you will not anoint yourself with olive oil, because the olives will drop off the trees while still unripe. 76 28:41 You will bear sons and daughters but not keep them, because they will be taken into captivity. 28:42 Whirring locusts 77 will take over every tree and all the produce of your soil. 28:43 The foreigners 78 who reside among you will become higher and higher over you and you will become lower and lower. 28:44 They will lend to you but you will not lend to them; they will become the head and you will become the tail!
28:45 All these curses will fall on you, pursuing and overtaking you until you are destroyed, because you would not obey the Lord your God by keeping his commandments and statutes that he has given 79 you. 28:46 These curses 80 will be a perpetual sign and wonder with reference to you and your descendants. 81
28:47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have, 28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty 82 you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They 83 will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you. 28:49 The Lord will raise up a distant nation against you, one from the other side of the earth 84 as the eagle flies, 85 a nation whose language you will not understand, 28:50 a nation of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly or pity for the young. 28:51 They 86 will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds, 87 or lambs of your flocks 88 until they have destroyed you. 28:52 They will besiege all of your villages 89 until all of your high and fortified walls collapse – those in which you put your confidence throughout the land. They will besiege all your villages throughout the land the Lord your God has given you. 28:53 You will then eat your own offspring, 90 the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you, because of the severity of the siege 91 by which your enemies will constrict you. 28:54 The man among you who is by nature tender and sensitive will turn against his brother, his beloved wife, and his remaining children. 28:55 He will withhold from all of them his children’s flesh that he is eating (since there is nothing else left), because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict 92 you in your villages. 28:56 Likewise, the most 93 tender and delicate of your women, who would never think of putting even the sole of her foot on the ground because of her daintiness, 94 will turn against her beloved husband, her sons and daughters, 28:57 and will secretly eat her afterbirth 95 and her newborn children 96 (since she has nothing else), 97 because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict you in your villages.
28:58 “If you refuse to obey 98 all the words of this law, the things written in this scroll, and refuse to fear this glorious and awesome name, the Lord your God, 28:59 then the Lord will increase your punishments and those of your descendants – great and long-lasting afflictions and severe, enduring illnesses. 28:60 He will infect you with all the diseases of Egypt 99 that you dreaded, and they will persistently afflict you. 100 28:61 Moreover, the Lord will bring upon you every kind of sickness and plague not mentioned in this scroll of commandments, 101 until you have perished. 28:62 There will be very few of you left, though at one time you were as numerous as the stars in the sky, 102 because you will have disobeyed 103 the Lord your God. 28:63 This is what will happen: Just as the Lord delighted to do good for you and make you numerous, he 104 will take delight in destroying and decimating you. You will be uprooted from the land you are about to possess. 28:64 The Lord will scatter you among all nations, from one end of the earth to the other. There you will worship other gods that neither you nor your ancestors have known, gods of wood and stone. 28:65 Among those nations you will have no rest nor will there be a place of peaceful rest for the soles of your feet, for there the Lord will give you an anxious heart, failing eyesight, and a spirit of despair. 28:66 Your life will hang in doubt before you; you will be terrified by night and day and will have no certainty of surviving from one day to the next. 105 28:67 In the morning you will say, ‘If only it were evening!’ And in the evening you will say, ‘I wish it were morning!’ because of the things you will fear and the things you will see. 28:68 Then the Lord will make you return to Egypt by ship, over a route I said to you that you would never see again. There you will sell yourselves to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.”
Ulangan 29:18-28
Konteks29:18 Beware that the heart of no man, woman, clan, or tribe among you turns away from the Lord our God today to pursue and serve the gods of those nations; beware that there is among you no root producing poisonous and bitter fruit. 106 29:19 When such a person 107 hears the words of this oath he secretly 108 blesses himself 109 and says, “I will have peace though I continue to walk with a stubborn spirit.” 110 This will destroy 111 the watered ground with the parched. 112 29:20 The Lord will be unwilling to forgive him, and his intense anger 113 will rage 114 against that man; all the curses 115 written in this scroll will fall upon him 116 and the Lord will obliterate his name from memory. 117 29:21 The Lord will single him out 118 for judgment 119 from all the tribes of Israel according to all the curses of the covenant written in this scroll of the law. 29:22 The generation to come – your descendants who will rise up after you, as well as the foreigner who will come from distant places – will see 120 the afflictions of that land and the illnesses that the Lord has brought on it. 29:23 The whole land will be covered with brimstone, salt, and burning debris; it will not be planted nor will it sprout or produce grass. It will resemble the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the Lord destroyed in his intense anger. 121 29:24 Then all the nations will ask, “Why has the Lord done all this to this land? What is this fierce, heated display of anger 122 all about?” 29:25 Then people will say, “Because they abandoned the covenant of the Lord, the God of their ancestors, which he made with them when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. 29:26 They went and served other gods and worshiped them, gods they did not know and that he did not permit them to worship. 123 29:27 That is why the Lord’s anger erupted against this land, bringing on it all the curses 124 written in this scroll. 29:28 So the Lord has uprooted them from their land in anger, wrath, and great rage and has deported them to another land, as is clear today.”
Ulangan 31:16-18
Konteks31:16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “You are about to die, 125 and then these people will begin to prostitute themselves with the foreign gods of the land into which they 126 are going. They 127 will reject 128 me and break my covenant that I have made with them. 129 31:17 At that time 130 my anger will erupt against them 131 and I will abandon them and hide my face from them until they are devoured. Many disasters and distresses will overcome 132 them 133 so that they 134 will say at that time, ‘Have not these disasters 135 overcome us 136 because our 137 God is not among us 138 ?’ 31:18 But I will certainly 139 hide myself at that time because of all the wickedness they 140 will have done by turning to other gods.
Ulangan 31:20
Konteks31:20 For after I have brought them 141 to the land I promised to their 142 ancestors – one flowing with milk and honey – and they 143 eat their fill 144 and become fat, then they 145 will turn to other gods and worship them; they will reject me and break my covenant.
Ulangan 32:15-25
Konteks32:15 But Jeshurun 146 became fat and kicked,
you 147 got fat, thick, and stuffed!
Then he deserted the God who made him,
and treated the Rock who saved him with contempt.
32:16 They made him jealous with other gods, 148
they enraged him with abhorrent idols. 149
32:17 They sacrificed to demons, not God,
to gods they had not known;
to new gods who had recently come along,
gods your ancestors 150 had not known about.
32:18 You have forgotten 151 the Rock who fathered you,
and put out of mind the God who gave you birth.
32:19 But the Lord took note and despised them
because his sons and daughters enraged him.
32:20 He said, “I will reject them, 152
I will see what will happen to them;
for they are a perverse generation,
children 153 who show no loyalty.
32:21 They have made me jealous 154 with false gods, 155
enraging me with their worthless gods; 156
so I will make them jealous with a people they do not recognize, 157
with a nation slow to learn 158 I will enrage them.
32:22 For a fire has been kindled by my anger,
and it burns to lowest Sheol; 159
it consumes the earth and its produce,
and ignites the foundations of the mountains.
32:23 I will increase their 160 disasters,
I will use up my arrows on them.
32:24 They will be starved by famine,
eaten by plague, and bitterly stung; 161
I will send the teeth of wild animals against them,
along with the poison of creatures that crawl in the dust.
32:25 The sword will make people childless outside,
and terror will do so inside;
they will destroy 162 both the young man and the virgin,
the infant and the gray-haired man.
Yosua 23:15-16
Konteks23:15 But in the same way every faithful promise the Lord your God made to you has been realized, 163 it is just as certain, if you disobey, that the Lord will bring on you every judgment 164 until he destroys you from this good land which the Lord your God gave you. 23:16 If you violate the covenantal laws of the Lord your God which he commanded you to keep, 165 and follow, worship, and bow down to other gods, 166 the Lord will be very angry with you and you will disappear 167 quickly from the good land which he gave to you.”
Yosua 23:1
Konteks23:1 A long time 168 passed after the Lord made Israel secure from all their enemies, 169 and Joshua was very old. 170
Kisah Para Rasul 9:6
Konteks9:6 But stand up 171 and enter the city and you will be told 172 what you must do.”
Kisah Para Rasul 9:2
Konteks9:2 and requested letters from him to the synagogues 173 in Damascus, so that if he found any who belonged to the Way, 174 either men or women, he could bring them as prisoners 175 to Jerusalem. 176
Kisah Para Rasul 7:19-20
Konteks7:19 This was the one who exploited 177 our people 178 and was cruel to our ancestors, 179 forcing them to abandon 180 their infants so they would die. 181 7:20 At that time Moses was born, and he was beautiful 182 to God. For 183 three months he was brought up in his father’s house,
Nehemia 9:26-30
Konteks9:26 “Nonetheless they grew disobedient and rebelled against you; they disregarded your law. 184 They killed your prophets who had solemnly admonished them in order to cause them to return to you. They committed atrocious blasphemies. 9:27 Therefore you delivered them into the hand of their adversaries, who oppressed them. But in the time of their distress they called to you, and you heard from heaven. In your abundant compassion you provided them with deliverers to rescue them from 185 their adversaries.
9:28 “Then, when they were at rest again, they went back to doing evil before you. Then you abandoned them to 186 their enemies, and they gained dominion over them. When they again cried out to you, in your compassion you heard from heaven and rescued them time and again. 9:29 And you solemnly admonished them in order to return them to your law, but they behaved presumptuously and did not obey your commandments. They sinned against your ordinances – those by which an individual, if he obeys them, 187 will live. They boldly turned from you; 188 they rebelled 189 and did not obey. 9:30 You prolonged your kindness 190 with them for many years, and you solemnly admonished them by your Spirit through your prophets. Still they paid no attention, 191 so you delivered them into the hands of the neighboring peoples. 192
Yesaya 1:20
Konteks1:20 But if you refuse and rebel,
you will be devoured 193 by the sword.”
Know for certain that the Lord has spoken. 194
Yesaya 42:23-25
Konteks42:23 Who among you will pay attention to this?
Who will listen attentively in the future? 195
42:24 Who handed Jacob over to the robber?
Who handed Israel over to the looters? 196
Was it not the Lord, against whom we sinned?
They refused to follow his commands;
they disobeyed his law. 197
42:25 So he poured out his fierce anger on them,
along with the devastation 198 of war.
Its flames encircled them, but they did not realize it; 199
it burned against them, but they did notice. 200
[26:14] 2 tn Heb “and do not do.”
[26:16] 4 tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).
[26:16] 5 tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.
[26:16] 6 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.
[26:16] 7 tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.
[26:18] 8 tn Heb “And if until these.”
[26:18] 9 tn Heb “I will add to discipline you seven [times] on your sins.”
[26:20] 10 tn Heb “the tree of the land will not give its fruit.” The collective singular has been translated as a plural. Tg. Onq., some medieval Hebrew
[26:21] 11 tn Heb “hostile with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in v. 24 and 27.
[26:21] 12 tn Heb “your blow, stroke”; cf. TEV “punishment”; NLT “I will inflict you with seven more disasters.”
[26:22] 13 tn Heb “the animal of the field.” This collective singular has been translated as a plural. The expression “animal of the field” refers to a wild (i.e., nondomesticated) animal.
[26:22] 14 tn The words “of your children” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
[26:22] 15 tn Heb “and diminish you.”
[26:23] 16 tn Heb “And if in these.”
[26:23] 17 tn Heb “with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in vv. 24 and 27.
[26:24] 18 tn Heb “and I myself will also strike you.”
[26:25] 19 tn Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”
[26:25] 20 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has a concessive force in this context.
[26:25] 21 tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).
[26:26] 22 tn Heb “When I break to you staff of bread” (KJV, ASV, and NASB all similar).
[26:26] 23 tn Heb “they will return your bread in weight.”
[26:27] 24 tn Heb “And if in this.”
[26:28] 26 tn Heb “in rage of hostility with you”; NASB “with wrathful hostility”; NRSV “I will continue hostile to you in fury”; CEV “I’ll get really furious.”
[26:29] 27 tn Heb “and the flesh of your daughters you will eat.” The phrase “you will eat” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:30] 28 sn Regarding these cultic installations, see the remarks in B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 188, and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:903. The term rendered “incense altars” might better be rendered “sanctuaries [of foreign deities]” or “stelae.”
[26:30] 29 tn The translation reflects the Hebrew wordplay “your corpses…the corpses of your idols.” Since idols, being lifeless, do not really have “corpses,” the translation uses “dead bodies” for people and “lifeless bodies” for the idols.
[26:30] 30 tn Heb “and my soul will abhor you.”
[26:31] 31 tn Heb “And I will give your cities a waste”; NLT “make your cities desolate.”
[26:33] 32 tn Heb “and I will empty sword” (see HALOT 1228 s.v. ריק 3).
[26:34] 33 tn There are two Hebrew roots רָצָה (ratsah), one meaning “to be pleased with; to take pleasure” (HALOT 1280-81 s.v. רצה; cf. “enjoy” in NASB, NIV, NRSV, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452), and the other meaning “to restore” (HALOT 1281-82 s.v. II רצה; cf. NAB “retrieve” and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 189).
[26:35] 34 tn Heb “it shall rest which it did not rest.”
[26:37] 36 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) is used in a concessive sense here.
[26:37] 37 tn The term rendered “to stand up” is a noun, not an infinitive. It occurs only here and appears to designate someone who would take a powerful stand for them against their enemies.
[26:39] 38 tn Heb “in” (so KJV, ASV; also later in this verse).
[26:39] 39 tn Heb “fathers’” (also in the following verse).
[26:40] 40 tn Heb “And.” Many English versions take this to be a conditional clause (“if…”) though there is no conditional particle (see, e.g., NASB, NIV, NRSV; but see the very different rendering in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 190). The temporal translation offered here (“when”) takes into account the particle אָז (’az, “then”), which occurs twice in v. 41. The obvious contextual contrast between vv. 39 and 40 is expressed by “however” in the translation.
[26:40] 41 tn Heb “in their trespassing which they trespassed in me.” See the note on Lev 5:15, although the term is used in a more technical sense there in relation to the “guilt offering.”
[26:40] 42 tn Heb “and also which they walked.”
[26:41] 44 tn Heb “or then,” although the LXX has “then” and the Syriac “and then.”
[26:41] 45 tn Heb “and then they make up for.” On the verb “make up for” see the note on v. 34 above.
[26:42] 46 tn Heb “my covenant with Abraham I will remember.” The phrase “I will remember” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:43] 47 tn Heb “from them.” The preposition “from” refers here to the agent of the action (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 455).
[26:43] 48 tn The jussive form of the verb with the simple vav (ו) here calls for a translation that expresses purpose.
[26:43] 49 tn The verb is the Hophal infinitive construct with the third feminine singular suffix (GKC 182 §67.y; cf. v. 34).
[26:43] 50 tn Heb “from them.”
[26:43] 51 tn Heb “because and in because,” a double expression, which is used only here and in Ezek 13:10 (without the vav) for emphasis (GKC 492 §158.b).
[26:43] 52 tn Heb “and their soul has abhorred.”
[26:45] 53 tn Heb “covenant of former ones.”
[26:45] sn For similar expressions referring back to the ancestors who refused to follow the stipulations of the Mosaic covenant see, for example, Deut 19:14, Jer 11:10, and Ps 79:8 (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 192, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 471).
[26:46] 54 tn Heb “gave” (so NLT); KJV, ASV, NCV “made.”
[26:46] 55 tn Heb “by the hand of” (so KJV).
[28:15] 56 tn Heb “do not hear the voice of.”
[28:15] 57 tn Heb “and overtake you” (so NIV, NRSV); NAB, NLT “and overwhelm you.”
[28:18] 58 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).
[28:19] 59 sn See note on the similar expression in v. 6.
[28:20] 60 tn Heb “the curse, the confusion, and the rebuke” (NASB and NIV similar); NRSV “disaster, panic, and frustration.”
[28:20] 61 tn Heb “in all the stretching out of your hand.”
[28:20] 62 tc For the MT first person common singular suffix (“me”), the LXX reads either “Lord” (Lucian) or third person masculine singular suffix (“him”; various codices). The MT’s more difficult reading probably represents the original text.
[28:20] tn Heb “the evil of your doings wherein you have forsaken me”; CEV “all because you rejected the Lord.”
[28:21] 63 tn Heb “will cause pestilence to cling to you.”
[28:22] 64 tn Heb “The
[28:22] 65 tn Or perhaps “consumption” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). The term is from a verbal root that indicates a weakening of one’s physical strength (cf. NAB “wasting”; NIV, NLT “wasting disease”).
[28:22] 66 tn Heb “hot fever”; NIV “scorching heat.”
[28:22] 67 tn Or “drought” (so NIV, NRSV, NLT).
[28:23] 68 tc The MT reads “Your.” The LXX reads “Heaven will be to you.”
[28:23] 69 tn Or “heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[28:25] 70 tc The meaningless MT reading זַעֲוָה (za’avah) is clearly a transposition of the more commonly attested Hebrew noun זְוָעָה (zÿva’ah, “terror”).
[28:28] 71 tn Heb “heart” (so KJV, NASB).
[28:29] 72 tn Heb “you will not cause your ways to prosper.”
[28:30] 73 tc For MT reading שָׁגַל (shagal, “ravish; violate”), the Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate presume the less violent שָׁכַב (shakhav, “lie with”). The unexpected counterpart to betrothal here favors the originality of the MT.
[28:32] 74 tn Heb “and there will be no power in your hand”; NCV “there will be nothing you can do.”
[28:36] 75 tc The LXX reads the plural “kings.”
[28:40] 76 tn Heb “your olives will drop off” (נָשַׁל, nashal), referring to the olives dropping off before they ripen.
[28:42] 77 tn The Hebrew term denotes some sort of buzzing or whirring insect; some have understood this to be a type of locust (KJV, NIV, CEV), but other insects have also been suggested: “buzzing insects” (NAB); “the cricket” (NASB); “the cicada” (NRSV).
[28:43] 78 tn Heb “the foreigner.” This is a collective singular and has therefore been translated as plural; this includes the pronouns in the following verse, which are also singular in the Hebrew text.
[28:45] 79 tn Heb “commanded”; NAB, NIV, TEV “he gave you.”
[28:46] 80 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the curses mentioned previously) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[28:46] 81 tn Heb “seed” (so KJV, ASV).
[28:48] 82 tn Heb “lack of everything.”
[28:48] 83 tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the
[28:49] 84 tn Heb “from the end of the earth.”
[28:49] 85 tn Some translations understand this to mean “like an eagle swoops down” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), comparing the swift attack of an eagle to the attack of the Israelites’ enemies.
[28:51] 86 tn Heb “it” (so NRSV), a collective singular referring to the invading nation (several times in this verse and v. 52).
[28:51] 87 tn Heb “increase of herds.”
[28:51] 88 tn Heb “growth of flocks.”
[28:52] 89 tn Heb “gates,” also in vv. 55, 57.
[28:53] 90 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NRSV); NASB “the offspring of your own body.”
[28:53] 91 tn Heb “siege and stress.”
[28:55] 92 tn Heb “besiege,” redundant with the noun “siege.”
[28:56] 93 tc The LXX adds σφόδρα (sfodra, “very”) to bring the description into line with v. 54.
[28:56] 94 tn Heb “delicateness and tenderness.”
[28:57] 95 tn Heb includes “that which comes out from between her feet.”
[28:57] 96 tn Heb “her sons that she will bear.”
[28:57] 97 tn Heb includes “in her need for everything.”
[28:58] 98 tn Heb “If you are not careful to do.”
[28:60] 99 sn These are the plagues the
[28:60] 100 tn Heb “will cling to you” (so NIV); NLT “will claim you.”
[28:61] 101 tn The Hebrew term תּוֹרָה (torah) can refer either (1) to the whole Pentateuch or, more likely, (2) to the book of Deuteronomy or even (3) only to this curse section of the covenant text. “Scroll” better reflects the actual document, since “book” conveys the notion of a bound book with pages to the modern English reader. Cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV “the book of this law”; NIV, NLT “this Book of the Law”; TEV “this book of God’s laws and teachings.”
[28:62] 102 tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[28:62] 103 tn Heb “have not listened to the voice of.”
[28:63] 104 tn Heb “the
[28:66] 105 tn Heb “you will not be confident in your life.” The phrase “from one day to the next” is implied by the following verse.
[29:18] 106 tn Heb “yielding fruit poisonous and wormwood.” The Hebrew noun לַעֲנָה (la’anah) literally means “wormwood” (so KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB), but is used figuratively for anything extremely bitter, thus here “fruit poisonous and bitter.”
[29:19] 107 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the subject of the warning in v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[29:19] 108 tn Heb “in his heart.”
[29:19] 109 tn Or “invokes a blessing on himself.” A formalized word of blessing is in view, the content of which appears later in the verse.
[29:19] 111 tn Heb “thus destroying.” For stylistic reasons the translation begins a new sentence here.
[29:19] 112 tn Heb “the watered with the parched.” The word “ground” is implied. The exact meaning of the phrase is uncertain although it appears to be figurative. This appears to be a proverbial observation employing a figure of speech (a merism) suggesting totality. That is, the Israelite who violates the letter and even spirit of the covenant will harm not only himself but everything he touches – “the watered and the parched.” Cf. CEV “you will cause the rest of Israel to be punished along with you.”
[29:20] 113 tn Heb “the wrath of the
[29:20] 114 tn Heb “smoke,” or “smolder.”
[29:20] 115 tn Heb “the entire oath.”
[29:20] 116 tn Or “will lie in wait against him.”
[29:20] 117 tn Heb “blot out his name from under the sky.”
[29:21] 118 tn Heb “set him apart.”
[29:21] 119 tn Heb “for evil”; NAB “for doom”; NASB “for adversity”; NIV “for disaster”; NRSV “for calamity.”
[29:22] 120 tn Heb “will say and see.” One expects a quotation to appear, but it seems to be omitted. To avoid confusion in the translation, the verb “will say” is omitted.
[29:23] 121 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.
[29:24] 122 tn Heb “this great burning of anger”; KJV “the heat of this great anger.”
[29:26] 123 tn Heb “did not assign to them”; NASB, NRSV “had not allotted to them.”
[29:27] 124 tn Heb “the entire curse.”
[31:16] 125 tn Heb “lie down with your fathers” (so NASB); NRSV “ancestors.”
[31:16] 126 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style. The third person singular also occurs in the Hebrew text twice more in this verse, three times in v. 17, once in v. 18, five times in v. 20, and four times in v. 21. Each time it is translated as third person plural for stylistic reasons.
[31:16] 127 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:16] 128 tn Or “abandon” (TEV, NLT).
[31:16] 129 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 130 tn Heb “on that day.” This same expression also appears later in the verse and in v. 18.
[31:17] 131 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 132 tn Heb “find,” “encounter.”
[31:17] 133 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 134 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 136 tn Heb “me.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “us,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style.
[31:17] 138 tn Heb “me.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “us,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style.
[31:18] 139 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with “certainly.”
[31:18] 140 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:20] 141 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:20] 142 tn Heb “his.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “their.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:20] 143 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:20] 144 tn Heb “and are satisfied.”
[31:20] 145 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[32:15] 146 tn To make the continuity of the referent clear, some English versions substitute “Jacob” here (NAB, NRSV) while others replace “Jeshurun” with “Israel” (NCV, CEV, NLT) or “the Lord’s people” (TEV).
[32:15] sn Jeshurun is a term of affection derived from the Hebrew verb יָשַׁר (yashar, “be upright”). Here it speaks of Israel “in an ideal situation, with its ‘uprightness’ due more to God’s help than his own efforts” (M. Mulder, TDOT 6:475).
[32:15] 147 tc The LXX reads the third person masculine singular (“he”) for the MT second person masculine singular (“you”), but such alterations are unnecessary in Hebrew poetic texts where subjects fluctuate frequently and without warning.
[32:16] 148 tc Heb “with strange (things).” The Vulgate actually supplies diis (“gods”).
[32:16] 149 tn Heb “abhorrent (things)” (cf. NRSV). A number of English versions understand this as referring to “idols” (NAB, NIV, NCV, CEV), while NLT supplies “acts.”
[32:17] 150 tn Heb “your fathers.”
[32:18] 151 tc The Hebrew text is corrupt here; the translation follows the suggestion offered in HALOT 1477 s.v. שׁיה. Cf. NASB, NLT “You neglected”; NIV “You deserted”; NRSV “You were unmindful of.”
[32:20] 152 tn Heb “I will hide my face from them.”
[32:20] 153 tn Heb “sons” (so NAB, NASB); TEV “unfaithful people.”
[32:21] 154 sn They have made me jealous. The “jealousy” of God is not a spirit of pettiness prompted by his insecurity, but righteous indignation caused by the disloyalty of his people to his covenant grace (see note on the word “God” in Deut 4:24). The jealousy of Israel, however (see next line), will be envy because of God’s lavish attention to another nation. This is an ironic wordplay. See H. Peels, NIDOTTE 3:938-39.
[32:21] 155 tn Heb “what is not a god,” or a “nondeity.”
[32:21] 156 tn Heb “their empty (things).” The Hebrew term used here to refer pejoratively to the false gods is הֶבֶל (hevel, “futile” or “futility”), used frequently in Ecclesiastes (e.g., Eccl 1:1, “Futile! Futile!” laments the Teacher, “Absolutely futile! Everything is futile!”).
[32:21] 157 tn Heb “what is not a people,” or a “nonpeople.” The “nonpeople” (לֹא־עָם, lo’-’am) referred to here are Gentiles who someday would become God’s people in the fullest sense (cf. Hos 1:9; 2:23).
[32:21] 158 tn Heb “a foolish nation” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV); NIV “a nation that has no understanding”; NLT “I will provoke their fury by blessing the foolish Gentiles.”
[32:22] 159 tn Or “to the lowest depths of the earth”; cf. NAB “to the depths of the nether world”; NIV “to the realm of death below”; NLT “to the depths of the grave.”
[32:22] sn Sheol refers here not to hell and hell-fire – a much later concept – but to the innermost parts of the earth, as low down as one could get. The parallel with “the foundations of the mountains” makes this clear (cf. Pss 9:17; 16:10; 139:8; Isa 14:9, 15; Amos 9:2).
[32:23] 160 tn Heb “upon them.”
[32:24] 161 tn The Hebrew term קֶטֶב (qetev) is probably metaphorical here for the sting of a disease (HALOT 1091-92 s.v.).
[32:25] 162 tn A verb is omitted here in the Hebrew text; for purposes of English style one suitable to the context is supplied.
[23:15] 163 tn Heb “and it will be as every good word which the
[23:15] 164 tn Heb “so the
[23:16] 165 tn Heb “when you violate the covenant of the
[23:16] 166 tn Heb “and you walk and serve other gods and bow down to them.”
[23:1] 168 tn Heb “many days.”
[23:1] 169 tn Heb “the
[23:1] 170 tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following verse.
[9:6] 172 tn Literally a passive construction, “it will be told to you.” This has been converted to another form of passive construction in the translation.
[9:2] 173 sn See the note on synagogue in 6:9.
[9:2] 174 sn The expression “the way” in ancient religious literature refers at times to “the whole way of life fr. a moral and spiritual viewpoint” (BDAG 692 s.v. ὁδός 3.c), and it has been so used of Christianity and its teachings in the book of Acts (see also 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22). It is a variation of Judaism’s idea of two ways, the true and the false, where “the Way” is the true one (1 En. 91:18; 2 En. 30:15).
[9:2] 175 tn Grk “bring them bound”; the translation “bring someone as prisoner” for δεδεμένον ἄγειν τινά (dedemenon agein tina) is given by BDAG 221 s.v. δέω 1.b.
[9:2] 176 sn From Damascus to Jerusalem was a six-day journey. Christianity had now expanded into Syria.
[9:2] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[7:19] 177 tn According to L&N 88.147 it is also possible to translate κατασοφισάμενος (katasofisameno") as “took advantage by clever words” or “persuaded by sweet talk.”
[7:19] 179 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[7:19] 180 tn Or “expose” (BDAG 303 s.v. ἔκθετος).
[7:19] 181 tn Grk “so that they could not be kept alive,” but in this context the phrase may be translated either “so that they would not continue to live,” or “so that they would die” (L&N 23.89).
[7:20] 182 tn Or “was well-formed before God,” or “was well-pleasing to God” (BDAG 145 s.v. ἀστεῖος suggests the meaning is more like “well-bred” as far as God was concerned; see Exod 2:2).
[7:20] 183 tn Grk “who was brought up for three months.” The continuation of the sentence as a relative clause is awkward in English, so a new sentence was started in the translation by changing the relative pronoun to a regular pronoun (“he”).
[9:26] 184 tn Heb “they cast your law behind their backs.”
[9:27] 185 tn Heb “from the hand of” (so NASB, NIV); NAB “from the power of.”
[9:28] 186 tn Heb “in the hand of” (so KJV, ASV); NAB “to the power of.”
[9:29] 187 tn Heb “if a man keep.” See note on the word “obey” in Neh 1:5.
[9:29] 188 tn Heb “they gave a stubborn shoulder.”
[9:29] 189 tn Heb “they stiffened their neck.”
[9:30] 190 tn The Hebrew expression here is elliptical. The words “your kindness” are not included in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[9:30] 191 tn Heb “did not give ear to.”
[9:30] 192 tn Heb “the peoples of the lands.”
[1:20] 193 sn The wordplay in the Hebrew draws attention to the options. The people can obey, in which case they will “eat” v. 19 (תֹּאכֵלוּ [to’khelu], Qal active participle of אָכַל) God’s blessing, or they can disobey, in which case they will be devoured (Heb “eaten,” תְּאֻכְּלוּ, [tÿ’ukkÿlu], Qal passive/Pual of אָכַל) by God’s judgment.
[1:20] 194 tn Heb “for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.” The introductory כִּי (ki) may be asseverative (as reflected in the translation) or causal/explanatory, explaining why the option chosen by the people will become reality (it is guaranteed by the divine word).
[42:23] 195 tn The interrogative particle is understood in the second line by ellipsis (note the preceding line).
[42:24] 196 tn Heb “Who gave to the robber Jacob, and Israel to the looters?” In the first line the consonantal text (Kethib) has מְשׁוֹסֶה (mÿshoseh), a Polel participle from שָׁסָה (shasah, “plunder”). The marginal reading (Qere) is מְשִׁיסָּה (mÿshissah), a noun meaning “plunder.” In this case one could translate “Who handed Jacob over as plunder?”
[42:24] 197 tn Heb “they were not willing in his ways to walk, and they did not listen to his law.”
[42:25] 198 tn Heb “strength” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “fury”; NASB “fierceness”; NIV “violence.”
[42:25] 199 tn Heb “and it blazed against him all around, but he did not know.” The subject of the third feminine singular verb “blazed” is the divine חֵמָה (khemah, “anger”) mentioned in the previous line.
[42:25] 200 tn Heb “and it burned against him, but he did not set [it] upon [the] heart.”
