Yesaya 18:7

18:7 At that time

tribute will be brought to the Lord who commands armies,

by a people that are tall and smooth-skinned,

a people that are feared far and wide,

a nation strong and victorious,

whose land rivers divide. ¹ 

The tribute ²  will be brought to the place where the Lord who commands armies has chosen to reside, on Mount Zion. ³ 

Yesaya 19:23-25

19:23 At that time there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians will visit Egypt, and the Egyptians will visit Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship together. ⁴  19:24 At that time Israel will be the third member of the group, along with Egypt and Assyria, and will be a recipient of blessing ⁵  in the earth. ⁶  19:25 The Lord who commands armies will pronounce a blessing over the earth, saying, ⁷  “Blessed be my people, Egypt, and the work of my hands, Assyria, and my special possession, ⁸  Israel!”

Yesaya 23:18

23:18 Her profits and earnings will be set apart for the Lord. They will not be stored up or accumulated, for her profits will be given to those who live in the Lord’s presence and will be used to purchase large quantities of food and beautiful clothes. ⁹ 

Yesaya 49:23

49:23 Kings will be your children’s ¹⁰  guardians;

their princesses will nurse your children. ¹¹ 

With their faces to the ground they will bow down to you

and they will lick the dirt on ¹²  your feet.

Then you will recognize that I am the Lord;

those who wait patiently for me are not put to shame.

Yesaya 60:5-16

60:5 Then you will look and smile, ¹³ 

you will be excited and your heart will swell with pride. ¹⁴ 

For the riches of distant lands ¹⁵  will belong to you

and the wealth of nations will come to you.

60:6 Camel caravans will cover your roads, ¹⁶ 

young camels from Midian and Ephah.

All the merchants of Sheba ¹⁷  will come,

bringing gold and incense

and singing praises to the Lord. ¹⁸ 

60:7 All the sheep of Kedar will be gathered to you;

the rams of Nebaioth will be available to you as sacrifices. ¹⁹ 

They will go up on my altar acceptably, ²⁰ 

and I will bestow honor on my majestic temple.

60:8 Who are these who float along ²¹  like a cloud,

who fly like doves to their shelters? ²² 

60:9 Indeed, the coastlands ²³  look eagerly for me,

the large ships ²⁴  are in the lead,

bringing your sons from far away,

along with their silver and gold,

to honor the Lord your God, ²⁵ 

the Holy One of Israel, ²⁶  for he has bestowed honor on you.

60:10 Foreigners will rebuild your walls;

their kings will serve you.

Even though I struck you down in my anger,

I will restore my favor and have compassion on you. ²⁷ 

60:11 Your gates will remain open at all times;

they will not be shut during the day or at night,

so that the wealth of nations may be delivered,

with their kings leading the way. ²⁸ 

60:12 Indeed, ²⁹  nations or kingdoms that do not serve you will perish;

such nations will be totally destroyed. ³⁰ 

60:13 The splendor of Lebanon will come to you,

its evergreens, firs, and cypresses together,

to beautify my palace; ³¹ 

I will bestow honor on my throne room. ³² 

60:14 The children of your oppressors will come bowing to you;

all who treated you with disrespect will bow down at your feet.

They will call you, ‘The City of the Lord,

Zion of the Holy One of Israel.’ ³³ 

60:15 You were once abandoned

and despised, with no one passing through,

but I will make you ³⁴  a permanent source of pride

and joy to coming generations.

60:16 You will drink the milk of nations;

you will nurse at the breasts of kings. ³⁵ 

Then you will recognize that I, the Lord, am your deliverer,

your protector, ³⁶  the powerful ruler of Jacob. ³⁷ 

Yesaya 61:5-6

61:5 ³⁸ “Foreigners will take care of ³⁹  your sheep;

foreigners will work in your fields and vineyards.

61:6 You will be called, ‘the Lord’s priests,

servants of our God.’ ⁴⁰ 

You will enjoy ⁴¹  the wealth of nations

and boast about ⁴²  the riches you receive from them. ⁴³ 

Yesaya 66:19-20

66:19 I will perform a mighty act among them ⁴⁴  and then send some of those who remain to the nations – to Tarshish, Pul, ⁴⁵  Lud ⁴⁶  (known for its archers ⁴⁷ ), Tubal, Javan, ⁴⁸  and to the distant coastlands ⁴⁹  that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor. 66:20 They will bring back all your countrymen ⁵⁰  from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them ⁵¹  on horses, in chariots, in wagons, on mules, and on camels ⁵²  to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers.

Mazmur 68:30-31

68:30 Sound your battle cry ⁵³  against the wild beast of the reeds, ⁵⁴ 

and the nations that assemble like a herd of calves led by bulls! ⁵⁵ 

They humble themselves ⁵⁶  and offer gold and silver as tribute. ⁵⁷ 

God ⁵⁸  scatters ⁵⁹  the nations that like to do battle.

68:31 They come with red cloth ⁶⁰  from Egypt,

Ethiopia ⁶¹  voluntarily offers tribute ⁶²  to God.

Mazmur 72:10-15

72:10 The kings of Tarshish ⁶³  and the coastlands will offer gifts;

the kings of Sheba ⁶⁴  and Seba ⁶⁵  will bring tribute.

72:11 All kings will bow down to him;

all nations will serve him.

72:12 For he will rescue the needy ⁶⁶  when they cry out for help,

and the oppressed ⁶⁷  who have no defender.

72:13 He will take pity ⁶⁸  on the poor and needy;

the lives of the needy he will save.

72:14 From harm and violence he will defend them; ⁶⁹ 

he will value their lives. ⁷⁰ 

72:15 May he live! ⁷¹  May they offer him gold from Sheba! ⁷² 

May they continually pray for him!

May they pronounce blessings on him all day long! ⁷³ 

Zakharia 8:22-23

8:22 Many peoples and powerful nations will come to Jerusalem to seek the Lord who rules over all and to ask his favor. 8:23 The Lord who rules over all says, ‘In those days ten people from all languages and nations will grasp hold of – indeed, grab – the robe of one Jew and say, “Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.”’” ⁷⁴ 

[18:7]  ¹ tn On the interpretive difficulties of this verse, see the notes at v. 2, where the same terminology is used.

[18:7]  ² tn The words “the tribute” are repeated here in the translation for clarity.

[18:7]  ³ tn Heb “to the place of the name of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts], Mount Zion.”

[19:23]  ⁴ tn The text could be translated, “and Egypt will serve Assyria” (cf. NAB), but subjugation of one nation to the other does not seem to be a theme in vv. 23-25. Rather the nations are viewed as equals before the Lord (v. 25). Therefore it is better to take אֶת (’et) in v. 23b as a preposition, “together with,” rather than the accusative sign. The names of the two countries are understood to refer by metonymy to their respective inhabitants.

[19:24]  ⁵ tn Heb “will be a blessing” (so NCV).

[19:24]  ⁶ tn Or “land” (KJV, NAB).

[19:25]  ⁷ tn Heb “which the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] will bless [it], saying.” The third masculine singular suffix on the form בֵּרֲכוֹ (berakho) should probably be emended to a third feminine singular suffix בֵּרֲכָהּ (berakhah), for its antecedent would appear to be the feminine noun אֶרֶץ (’erets, “earth”) at the end of v. 24.

[19:25]  ⁸ tn Or “my inheritance” (NAB, NASB, NIV).

[23:18]  ⁹ tn Heb “for eating to fullness and for beautiful covering[s].”

[23:18]  sn The point of this verse, which in its blatant nationalism comes precariously close to comparing the Lord to one who controls or manages a prostitute, is that Tyre will become a subject of Israel and her God. Tyre’s commercial profits will be used to enrich the Lord’s people.

[49:23]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “your,” but Zion here stands by metonymy for her children (see v. 22b).

[49:23]  ¹¹ tn Heb “you.” See the preceding note.

[49:23]  ¹² tn Or “at your feet” (NAB, NIV); NLT “from your feet.”

[60:5]  ¹³ tn Or “shine,” or “be radiant” (NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[60:5]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and it will tremble and be wide, your heart.”

[60:5]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the wealth of the sea,” i.e., wealth that is transported from distant lands via the sea.

[60:6]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “an abundance of camels will cover you.”

[60:6]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “all of them, from Sheba.”

[60:6]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and they will announce the praises of the Lord.”

[60:7]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “will serve you,” i.e., be available as sacrifices (see the next line). Another option is to understood these “rams” as symbolic of leaders who will be subject to the people of Zion. See v. 10.

[60:7]  ²⁰ tc Heb “they will go up on acceptance [on] my altar.” Some have suggested that the preposition עַל (’al) is dittographic (note the preceding יַעֲלוּ [ya’alu]). Consequently, the form should be emended to לְרָצוֹן (lÿratson, “acceptably”; see BDB 953 s.v. רָצוֹן). However, the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has both לרצון followed by the preposition על, which would argue against deleted the preposition. As the above translation seeks to demonstrate, the preposition עַל (’al) indicates a norm (“in accordance with acceptance” or “acceptably”; IBHS 218 §11.2.13e, n. 111) and the “altar” functions as an objective accusative with a verb of motion (cf. Gen 49:4; Lev 2:2; Num 13:17; J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah [NICOT], 2:534, n. 14).

[60:8]  ²¹ tn Heb “fly” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NAB, NIV “fly along.”

[60:8]  ²² tn Heb “to their windows,” i.e., to the openings in their coops. See HALOT 83 s.v. אֲרֻבָּה.

[60:9]  ²³ tn Or “islands” (NIV); CEV “distant islands”; TEV “distant lands.”

[60:9]  ²⁴ tn Heb “the ships of Tarshish.” See the note at 2:16.

[60:9]  ²⁵ tn Heb “to the name of the Lord your God.”

[60:9]  ²⁶ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[60:10]  ²⁷ tn Heb “in my favor I will have compassion on you.”

[60:11]  ²⁸ tn Or “led in procession.” The participle is passive.

[60:12]  ²⁹ tn Or “For” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); TEV “But.”

[60:12]  ³⁰ tn The infinitive absolute appears before the finite verb for emphasis.

[60:13]  ³¹ tn Or “holy place, sanctuary.”

[60:13]  ³² tn Heb “the place of my feet.” See Ezek 43:7, where the Lord’s throne is called the “place of the soles of my feet.”

[60:14]  ³³ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[60:15]  ³⁴ tn Heb “Instead of your being abandoned and despised, with no one passing through, I will make you.”

[60:16]  ³⁵ sn The nations and kings are depicted as a mother nursing her children. Restored Zion will be nourished by them as she receives their wealth as tribute.

[60:16]  ³⁶ tn Or “redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[60:16]  ³⁷ sn See 1:24 and 49:26.

[61:5]  ³⁸ sn The Lord speaks in vv. 7-8 (and possibly v. 9). It is not clear where the servant’s speech (see vv. 1-3a) ends and the Lord’s begins. Perhaps the direct address to the people signals the beginning of the Lord’s speech.

[61:5]  ³⁹ tn Heb “will stand [in position] and shepherd.”

[61:6]  ⁴⁰ tn The Hebrew text adds, “it will be said concerning you.”

[61:6]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “eat” (KJV, NAB, NASB); NIV “feed on”; NLT “be fed with.”

[61:6]  ⁴² tc The form in the Hebrew text is probably a corruption of יִתְאַמְּרוּ (yit’ammÿru), a Hitpael from אָמַר (’amar), meaning “boast about” (see HALOT 67 s.v. II אמר, HALOT 416 s.v. ימר, and BDB 56 s.v. אָמַר).

[61:6]  ⁴³ tn Heb “their glory” (i.e., riches).

[66:19]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “and I will set a sign among them.” The precise meaning of this statement is unclear. Elsewhere “to set a sign” means “perform a mighty act” (Ps 78:43; Jer 32:20), “make [someone] an object lesson” (Ezek 14:8), and “erect a [literal] standard” (Ps 74:4).

[66:19]  ⁴⁵ tn Some prefer to read “Put” (i.e., Libya).

[66:19]  ⁴⁶ sn That is, Lydia (in Asia Minor).

[66:19]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “drawers of the bow” (KJV and ASV both similar).

[66:19]  ⁴⁸ sn Javan is generally identified today as Greece (so NIV, NCV, NLT).

[66:19]  ⁴⁹ tn Or “islands” (NIV).

[66:20]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “brothers” (so NIV); NCV “fellow Israelites.”

[66:20]  ⁵¹ tn The words “they will bring them” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[66:20]  ⁵² tn The precise meaning of this word is uncertain. Some suggest it refers to “chariots.” See HALOT 498 s.v. *כִּרְכָּרָה.

[68:30]  ⁵³ tn The Hebrew verb גָּעַר (ga’ar) is often understood to mean “rebuke.” In some cases it is apparent that scolding or threatening is in view (see Gen 37:10; Ruth 2:16; Zech 3:2). However, in militaristic contexts such as Ps 68 this translation is inadequate, for the verb refers in this setting to the warrior’s battle cry, which terrifies and paralyzes the enemy. See A. Caquot, TDOT 3:53, and note the use of the verb in Ps 106:9 and Nah 1:4, as well as the related noun in Job 26:11; Pss 18:15; 76:6; 104:7; Isa 50:2; 51:20; 66:15.

[68:30]  ⁵⁴ sn The wild beast of the reeds probably refers to a hippopotamus, which in turn symbolizes the nation of Egypt.

[68:30]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “an assembly of bulls, with calves of the nations.”

[68:30]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “humbling himself.” The verb form is a Hitpael participle from the root רָפַס (rafas, “to trample”). The Hitpael of this verb appears only here and in Prov 6:3, where it seems to mean, “humble oneself,” a nuance that fits nicely in this context. The apparent subject is “wild beast” or “assembly,” though both of these nouns are grammatically feminine, while the participle is a masculine form. Perhaps one should emend the participial form to a masculine plural (מִתְרַפִּם, mitrapim) and understand “bulls” or “calves” as the subject.

[68:30]  ⁵⁷ tc Heb “with pieces [?] of silver.” The meaning of the Hebrew term רַצֵּי (ratsey) is unclear. It is probably best to emend the text to בֶּצֶר וְכָסֶף (betser vÿkhasef, “[with] gold and silver”).

[68:30]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[68:30]  ⁵⁹ tn The verb בָּזַר (bazar) is an alternative form of פָּזַר (pazar, “scatter”).

[68:31]  ⁶⁰ tn This noun, which occurs only here in the OT, apparently means “red cloth” or “bronze articles” (see HALOT 362 s.v. חַשְׁמַן; cf. NEB “tribute”). Traditionally the word has been taken to refer to “nobles” (see BDB 365 s.v. חַשְׁמַן; cf. NIV “envoys”). Another option would be to emend the text to הַשְׁמַנִּים (hashmannim, “the robust ones,” i.e., leaders).

[68:31]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “Cush.”

[68:31]  ⁶² tn Heb “causes its hands to run,” which must mean “quickly stretches out its hands” (to present tribute).

[72:10]  ⁶³ sn Tarshish was a distant western port, the precise location of which is uncertain.

[72:10]  ⁶⁴ sn Sheba was located in Arabia.

[72:10]  ⁶⁵ sn Seba was located in Africa.

[72:12]  ⁶⁶ tn The singular is representative. The typical needy individual here represents the entire group.

[72:12]  ⁶⁷ tn The singular is representative. The typical oppressed individual here represents the entire group.

[72:13]  ⁶⁸ tn The prefixed verb form is best understood as a defectively written imperfect (see Deut 7:16).

[72:14]  ⁶⁹ tn Or “redeem their lives.” The verb “redeem” casts the Lord in the role of a leader who protects members of his extended family in times of need and crisis (see Pss 19:14; 69:18).

[72:14]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “their blood will be precious in his eyes.”

[72:15]  ⁷¹ tn The prefixed verbal form is jussive, not imperfect. Because the form has the prefixed vav (ו), some subordinate it to what precedes as a purpose/result clause. In this case the representative poor individual might be the subject of this and the following verb, “so that he may live and give to him gold of Sheba.” But the idea of the poor offering gold is incongruous. It is better to take the jussive as a prayer with the king as subject of the verb. (Perhaps the initial vav is dittographic; note the vav at the end of the last form in v. 14.) The statement is probably an abbreviated version of the formula יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ (yÿkhiy hammelekh, “may the king live”; see 1 Sam 10:24; 2 Sam 16:16; 1 Kgs 1:25, 34, 39; 2 Kgs 11:12).

[72:15]  ⁷² tn Heb “and he will give to him some gold of Sheba.” The prefixed verbal form is understood as a jussive with a grammatically indefinite subject (“and may one give”). Of course, the king’s subjects, mentioned in the preceding context, are the tribute bearers in view here.

[72:15]  ⁷³ tn As in the preceding line, the prefixed verbal forms are understood as jussives with a grammatically indefinite subject (“and may one pray…and may one bless”). Of course, the king’s subjects, mentioned in the preceding context, are in view here.

[8:23]  ⁷⁴ sn This scene of universal and overwhelming attraction of the nations to Israel’s God finds initial fulfillment in the establishment of the church (Acts 2:5-11) but ultimate completion in the messianic age (Isa 45:14, 24; 60:14; Zech 14:16-21).