Boks TemuanJudges 12:1--14:20
Konteks12:1 The Ephraimites assembled 1 and crossed over to Zaphon. They said to Jephthah, “Why did you go and fight 2 with the Ammonites without asking 3 us to go with you? We will burn your house down right over you!” 4
12:2 Jephthah said to them, “My people and I were entangled in controversy with the Ammonites. 5 I asked for your help, but you did not deliver me from their power. 6 12:3 When I saw that you were not going to help, 7 I risked my life 8 and advanced against 9 the Ammonites, and the Lord handed them over to me. Why have you come up 10 to fight with me today?” 12:4 Jephthah assembled all the men of Gilead and they fought with Ephraim. The men of Gilead defeated Ephraim, because the Ephraimites insulted them, saying, 11 “You Gileadites are refugees in Ephraim, living within Ephraim’s and Manasseh’s territory.” 12 12:5 The Gileadites captured the fords of the Jordan River 13 opposite Ephraim. 14 Whenever an Ephraimite fugitive 15 said, “Let me cross over,” the men of Gilead asked 16 him, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he said, “No,” 12:6 then they said to him, “Say ‘Shibboleth!’” 17 If he said, “Sibboleth” (and could not pronounce the word 18 correctly), they grabbed him and executed him right there at the fords of the Jordan. On that day forty-two thousand Ephraimites fell dead. 12:7 Jephthah led 19 Israel for six years; then he 20 died and was buried in his city in Gilead. 21
12:8 After him Ibzan of Bethlehem 22 led 23 Israel. 12:9 He had thirty sons. He arranged for thirty of his daughters to be married outside his extended family, 24 and he arranged for thirty young women to be brought from outside as wives for his sons. 25 Ibzan 26 led 27 Israel for seven years; 12:10 then he 28 died and was buried in Bethlehem.
12:11 After him Elon the Zebulunite led 29 Israel for ten years. 30 12:12 Then Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried in Aijalon in the land of Zebulun.
12:13 After him Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite led 31 Israel. 12:14 He had forty sons and thirty grandsons who rode on seventy donkeys. He led Israel for eight years. 12:15 Then Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite died and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the hill country of the Amalekites.
13:1 The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight, 32 so the Lord handed them over to the Philistines for forty years.
13:2 There was a man named Manoah from Zorah, from the Danite tribe. His wife was infertile and childless. 33 13:3 The Lord’s angelic 34 messenger appeared to the woman and said to her, “You 35 are infertile and childless, 36 but you will conceive and have a son. 13:4 Now be careful! Do not drink wine or beer, and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. 37 13:5 Look, you will conceive and have a son. 38 You must never cut his hair, 39 for the child will be dedicated to God 40 from birth. He will begin to deliver Israel from the power 41 of the Philistines.”
13:6 The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God 42 came to me! He looked like God’s angelic messenger – he was very awesome. 43 I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name. 13:7 He said to me, ‘Look, you will conceive and have a son. 44 So now, do not drink wine or beer and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. 45 For the child will be dedicated 46 to God from birth till the day he dies.’”
13:8 Manoah prayed to the Lord, 47 “Please, Lord, allow the man sent from God 48 to visit 49 us again, so he can teach 50 us how we should raise 51 the child who will be born.” 13:9 God answered Manoah’s prayer. 52 God’s angelic messenger visited 53 the woman again while she was sitting in the field. But her husband Manoah was not with her. 13:10 The woman ran at once and told her husband, 54 “Come quickly, 55 the man who visited 56 me the other day has appeared to me!” 13:11 So Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he met 57 the man, he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” 58 He said, “Yes.” 59 13:12 Manoah said, “Now, when your announcement comes true, 60 how should the child be raised and what should he do?” 61 13:13 The Lord’s messenger told 62 Manoah, “Your wife should pay attention to everything I told her. 63 13:14 She should not drink 64 anything that the grapevine produces. She must not drink wine or beer, and she must not eat any food that will make her ritually unclean. 65 She should obey everything I commanded her to do.” 13:15 Manoah said to the Lord’s messenger, “Please stay here awhile, 66 so we can prepare a young goat for you to eat.” 67 13:16 The Lord’s messenger said to Manoah, “If I stay, 68 I will not eat your food. But if you want to make a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, you should offer it.” (He said this because Manoah did not know that he was the Lord’s messenger.) 69 13:17 Manoah said to the Lord’s messenger, “Tell us your name, so we can honor you when your announcement comes true.” 70 13:18 The Lord’s messenger said to him, “You should not ask me my name, because you cannot comprehend it.” 71 13:19 Manoah took a young goat and a grain offering and offered them on a rock to the Lord. The Lord’s messenger did an amazing thing as Manoah and his wife watched. 72 13:20 As the flame went up from the altar toward the sky, the Lord’s messenger went up in it 73 while Manoah and his wife watched. They fell facedown 74 to the ground.
13:21 The Lord’s messenger did not appear again to Manoah and his wife. After all this happened Manoah realized that the visitor had been the Lord’s messenger. 75 13:22 Manoah said to his wife, “We will certainly die, because we have seen a supernatural being!” 76 13:23 But his wife said to him, “If the Lord wanted to kill us, he would not have accepted the burnt offering and the grain offering from us. 77 He would not have shown us all these things, or have spoken to us like this just now.”
13:24 Manoah’s wife 78 gave birth to a son and named him Samson. 79 The child grew and the Lord empowered 80 him. 13:25 The Lord’s spirit began to control him 81 in Mahaneh Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.
14:1 Samson went down to Timnah, where a Philistine girl caught his eye. 82 14:2 When he got home, 83 he told his father and mother, “A Philistine girl in Timnah has caught my eye. 84 Now get her for my wife.” 14:3 But his father and mother said to him, “Certainly you can find a wife among your relatives or among all our 85 people! You should not have to go and get a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines.” 86 But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, 87 because she is the right one for me.” 88 14:4 Now his father and mother did not realize this was the Lord’s doing, 89 because he was looking for an opportunity to stir up trouble with the Philistines 90 (for at that time the Philistines were ruling Israel).
14:5 Samson went down to Timnah. When he approached 91 the vineyards of Timnah, he saw a roaring young lion attacking him. 92 14:6 The Lord’s spirit empowered 93 him and he tore the lion 94 in two with his bare hands 95 as easily as one would tear a young goat. But he did not tell his father or mother what he had done.
14:7 Samson continued on down to Timnah 96 and spoke to the girl. In his opinion, she was just the right one. 97 14:8 Some time later, when he went back to marry 98 her, he turned aside to see the lion’s remains. He saw 99 a swarm of bees in the lion’s carcass, as well as some honey. 14:9 He scooped it up with his hands and ate it as he walked along. When he returned 100 to his father and mother, he offered them some and they ate it. But he did not tell them he had scooped the honey out of the lion’s carcass. 101
14:10 Then Samson’s father accompanied him to Timnah for the marriage. 102 Samson hosted a party 103 there, for this was customary for bridegrooms 104 to do. 14:11 When the Philistines saw he had no attendants, they gave him thirty groomsmen who kept him company. 105 14:12 Samson said to them, “I will give you a riddle. If you really can solve it during the seven days the party lasts, 106 I will give you thirty linen robes and thirty sets 107 of clothes. 14:13 But if you cannot solve it, 108 you will give me thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes.” They said to him, “Let us hear your riddle.” 109 14:14 He said to them,
“Out of the one who eats came something to eat;
out of the strong one came something sweet.”
They could not solve the riddle for three days.
14:15 On the fourth 110 day they said to Samson’s bride, “Trick your husband into giving the solution to the riddle. 111 If you refuse, 112 we will burn up 113 you and your father’s family. 114 Did you invite us here 115 to make us poor?” 116 14:16 So Samson’s bride cried on his shoulder 117 and said, “You must 118 hate me; you do not love me! You told the young men 119 a riddle, but you have not told me the solution.” He said to her, “Look, I have not even told my father or mother. Do you really expect me to tell you?” 120 14:17 She cried on his shoulder 121 until the party was almost over. 122 Finally, on the seventh day, he told her because she had nagged him so much. 123 Then she told the young men the solution to the riddle. 124 14:18 On the seventh day, before the sun set, the men of the city said to him,
“What is sweeter than honey?
What is stronger than a lion?”
He said to them,
“If you had not plowed with my heifer, 125
you would not have solved my riddle!”
14:19 The Lord’s spirit empowered him. He went down to Ashkelon and murdered thirty men. He took their clothes 126 and gave them 127 to the men who had solved the riddle. He was furious as he went back home. 128 14:20 Samson’s bride was then given to his best man. 129
[12:1] 1 tn Heb “the men of Ephraim were summoned [or “were mustered”].”
[12:1] 2 tn Heb “cross over to fight.”
[12:1] 3 tn Or “calling”; or “summoning.”
[12:1] 4 tn Heb “Your house we will burn over you with fire.”
[12:2] 5 tn Heb A man of great strife I was and my people and the Ammonites.”
[12:3] 9 tn Heb “you were no deliverer.” Codex Alexandrinus (A) of the LXX has “no one was helping.”
[12:3] 10 tn Heb “I put my life in my hand.”
[12:3] 11 tn Heb “crossed over to.”
[12:3] 12 tn The Hebrew adds “against me” here. This is redundant in English and has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[12:4] 13 tn Heb “because they said.”
[12:4] 14 tc Heb “Refugees of Ephraim are you, O Gilead, in the midst of Ephraim and in the midst of Manasseh.” The LXX omits the entire second half of the verse (beginning with “because”). The words כִּי אָמְרוּ פְּלִיטֵי אֶפְרַיִם (ki ’amru pÿlitey ’efrayim, “because they said, ‘Refugees of Ephraim’”) may have been accidentally copied from the next verse (cf. כִּי יֹאמְרוּ פְּלִיטֵי אֶפְרַיִם, ki yo’mÿru pelitey ’efrayim) and the following words (“you, O Gilead…Manasseh”) then added in an attempt to make sense of the verse. See G. F. Moore, Judges (ICC), 307-8, and C. F. Burney, Judges, 327. If the Hebrew text is retained, then the Ephraimites appear to be insulting the Gileadites by describing them as refugees who are squatting on Ephraim’s and Manasseh’s land. The present translation assumes that “Ephraim” is a genitive of location after “refugees.”
[12:5] 17 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification.
[12:5] 18 tn Or “against Ephraim,” that is, so as to prevent Ephraim from crossing.
[12:5] 19 tn The Hebrew text has a plural form here.
[12:6] 21 sn The inability of the Ephraimites to pronounce the word shibboleth the way the Gileadites did served as an identifying test. It illustrates that during this period there were differences in pronunciation between the tribes. The Hebrew word shibboleth itself means “stream” or “flood,” and was apparently chosen simply as a test case without regard to its meaning.
[12:6] 22 tn Heb “and could not prepare to speak.” The precise meaning of יָכִין (yakhin) is unclear. Some understand it to mean “was not careful [to say it correctly]”; others emend to יָכֹל (yakhol, “was not able [to say it correctly]”) or יָבִין (yavin, “did not understand [that he should say it correctly]”), which is read by a few Hebrew
[12:7] 25 tn Traditionally, “judged.”
[12:7] 26 tn Heb “Jephthah the Gileadite.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[12:7] 27 tc The Hebrew text has “in the cities of Gilead.” The present translation has support from some ancient Greek textual witnesses.
[12:8] 29 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[12:8] 30 tn Traditionally, “judged.”
[12:9] 33 tn Heb “thirty daughters he sent off outside.” Another option is to translate, “He arranged for his thirty daughters…” It is not clear if he had more than the “thirty daughters” mentioned in the text.
[12:9] 34 tn Heb “and thirty daughters he brought for his sons from the outside.”
[12:9] 35 tn Heb “He”; the referent (Ibzan) has been specified in the translation for clarity and for English stylistic reasons.
[12:9] 36 tn Traditionally, “judged.”
[12:10] 37 tn Heb “Ibzan.” The pronoun “he” is used in the translation in keeping with English style, which tends to use a proper name first in a sentence followed by a pronoun rather than vice versa.
[12:11] 41 tn Traditionally, “judged.”
[12:11] 42 tn Heb “…led Israel. He led Israel for ten years.”
[12:13] 45 tn Traditionally, “judged.”
[13:1] 49 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[13:2] 53 tn Heb “and had not given birth.”
[13:3] 57 tn The adjective “angelic” is interpretive (also in vv. 6, 9).
[13:3] 59 tn Heb “and have not given birth.”
[13:4] 61 tn Heb “eat anything unclean.” Certain foods were regarded as ritually “unclean” (see Lev 11). Eating such food made one ritually “contaminated.”
[13:5] 65 tn Another option is to translate, “you are already pregnant and will have a son.” The earlier reference to her being infertile (v. 3) suggests that her conception is still future, but it is possible that the earlier statement only reflects her perspective (as far as she is concerned, she is infertile). According to this interpretation, in v. 5 the angel reveals the truth to her – actually she has recently conceived and is now pregnant (see the translation in R. G. Boling, Judges [AB], 217). Usage favors this interpretation. The predicate adjective הָרָה (harah, “[be/become] pregnant”) elsewhere has a past (1 Sam 4:19) or present (Gen 16:11; 38:25; 2 Sam 11:5) translation value. (The usage in Isa 7:14 is debated, but a present translation is definitely possible there.) A final, but less likely possibility, is that she miraculously conceived during the angel’s speech, sometime between his statements recorded in vv. 3 and 5.
[13:5] 66 tn Heb “a razor should not go up on his head.”
[13:5] 67 tn Or “set apart to God.” Traditionally the Hebrew term נָזִיר (nazir) has been translated “Nazirite.” The word is derived from the verb נָזַר (nazar, “to dedicate; to consecrate; to set apart”).
[13:6] 69 tn Heb “The man of God.”
[13:6] 70 tn Heb “His appearance was like the appearance of the messenger of God, very awesome.”
[13:7] 73 tn See the note on the word “son” in 13:5, where this same statement occurs.
[13:7] 74 tn Heb “eat anything unclean.” Certain foods were regarded as ritually “unclean” (see Lev 11). Eating such food made one ritually “contaminated.”
[13:7] 75 tn Traditionally “a Nazirite.”
[13:8] 77 tn The Hebrew text adds “and said.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[13:8] 78 tn Heb “the man of God.”
[13:8] 80 tc The LXX has “enlighten,” understanding the Hebrew to read וִיאִירֵנוּ (vi’irenu, “to give light”) rather than the reading of the MT, וְיוֹרֵנוּ (vÿyorenu, “to teach”).
[13:8] 81 tn Heb “what we should do for.”
[13:9] 81 tn Heb “God listened to the voice of Manoah.”
[13:10] 85 tn Heb “and said to him.” This phrase has not been translated for stylistic reasons.
[13:11] 90 tn Heb “the woman.”
[13:12] 93 tn Heb “Now, [when] your word comes [to pass].”
[13:12] 94 tn Heb “what will be the child’s rule [i.e., way of life] and his work?”
[13:13] 98 tn Heb “To everything I said to the woman she should pay attention.” The Hebrew word order emphasizes “to everything,” probably because Manoah’s wife did not tell her husband everything the angel had said to her (cf. vv. 3-5 with v. 7). If she had, Manoah probably would not have been so confused about the child’s mission.
[13:14] 102 tn Heb “eat anything unclean.” Certain foods were regarded as ritually “unclean” (see Lev 11). Eating such food made one ritually “contaminated.”
[13:15] 105 tn Heb “Please allow us to detain you.”
[13:15] 106 tn Heb “so we can prepare before you a young goat of the goats.”
[13:16] 109 tn Heb “If you detain me.”
[13:16] 110 tn The words “he said this” are supplied in the translation for clarification. Manoah should have known from these words that the messenger represented the
[13:17] 113 tn Heb “Who your name? For [when] your word comes [to pass], we will honor you.” Manoah apparently gets tongue-tied and uses the wrong pronoun (“who” instead of “what”). He starts to say, “Who are you?” But then he switches to “your name” as if he began the sentence with “what.” See R. G. Boling, Judges (AB), 222.
[13:18] 117 tn Heb “Why do you ask for my name, for it is incomprehensible?” The Hebrew adjective פִּלְאִי (pile’iy, “wonderful, incomprehensible”) refers to what is in a category of its own and is beyond full human understanding. Note the use of this word in Ps 139:6, where God’s knowledge is described as incomprehensible and unattainable.
[13:19] 121 tc Heb “Doing an extraordinary deed while Manoah and his wife were watching.” The subject of the participle is missing. The translation assumes that the phrase “the
[13:20] 125 tn Heb “in the flame from the altar.”
[13:20] 126 tn Heb “on their faces.”
[13:21] 129 tn Heb “Then Manoah knew that he was the
[13:22] 133 tn Or “seen God.” Some take the Hebrew term אֱלֹהִים (’elohim) as the divine name (“God”) here, but this seems unlikely since v. 21 informs us that Manoah realized this was the
[13:23] 137 tn Heb “our hand.”
[13:24] 141 tn Heb “the woman.” For clarity this has been specified in the translation as “Manoah’s wife.”
[13:24] 142 tn The name appears to mean “sun-like” or “solar.”
[13:24] 143 tn Traditionally, “blessed.”
[13:25] 145 tn Or “move him to action”; or “stir him.”
[14:1] 149 tn Heb “and he saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines.”
[14:2] 153 tn Heb “and he went up.”
[14:2] 154 tn Heb “I have seen a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines.”
[14:3] 157 tn Heb “my.” The singular may seem strange, since the introduction to the quotation attributes the words to his father and mother. But Samson’s father apparently speaks for both himself and his wife. However, the Lucianic recension of the LXX and the Syriac Peshitta have a second person pronoun here (“you”), and this may represent the original reading.
[14:3] 158 tn Heb “Is there not among the daughters of your brothers or among all my people a woman that you have to go to get a wife among the uncircumcised Philistines?”
[14:3] 159 tn “Her” is first in the Hebrew word order for emphasis. Samson wanted this Philistine girl, no one else. See C. F. Burney, Judges, 357.
[14:3] 160 tn Heb “because she is right in my eyes.”
[14:4] 161 tn Heb “this was from the LORD.”
[14:4] 162 tn Heb “for an opportunity he was seeking from the Philistines.”
[14:5] 165 tc The MT reads, “Samson went down with his father and mother to Timnah. When they approached…” Verse 6b states that Samson did not tell his parents about his encounter with the lion (vv. 5b-6a), but v. 5a gives the impression they would have seen the entire episode. One could assume that Samson separated from his parents prior to the lion’s attack, but the Hebrew text does not indicate this. It seems more likely that the words “with his father and his mother” were accidentally copied into the text, perhaps under the influence of v. 4a, where the same phrase appears. An original singular verb (“he approached”) may have been changed to the plural form (“they approached”) after the words “his father and his mother” were accidentally added to the text.
[14:5] 166 tn Heb “and look, a young lion of the lions was roaring to meet him.”
[14:6] 169 tn Heb “rushed on.”
[14:6] 170 tn Heb “him” or “it”; the referent (the lion) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[14:6] 171 tn Heb “and there was nothing in his hand.”
[14:7] 173 tn Heb “He went down.”
[14:7] 174 tn Heb “She was the right one in the eyes of Samson.”
[14:8] 178 tn Heb “and look, a swarm of bees…”
[14:9] 181 tn Heb “went.” Samson apparently went home to his parents before going to Timnah for the marriage. Seeing and tasting the honey appears to encourage Manoah to go with his son to Timnah. Perhaps both Samson and his father viewed the honey as a good omen of future blessing. Possibly Samson considered it a symbol of sexual pleasure or an aphrodisiac. Note the use of honey imagery in Song 4:11 and 5:1.
[14:9] 182 sn Touching the carcass of a dead animal undoubtedly violated Samson’s Nazirite status. See Num 6:6.
[14:10] 185 tn Heb “And his father went down to the woman.”
[14:10] 186 tn Or “[wedding] feast.”
[14:10] 187 tn Heb “the young men.”
[14:11] 189 tn Heb “When they saw him, they gave him thirty companions and they were with him.” Instead of כִּרְאוֹתָם (kir’otam, “when they saw”) some ancient witnesses (e.g., some
[14:12] 193 tn Heb “If you really can tell it to me [during] the seven days of the feast and you find [its answer].”
[14:13] 197 tn Heb “you are unable to tell me.”
[14:13] 198 tn Heb “Give your riddle so we can hear it.”
[14:15] 201 tc The MT reads “seventh.” In Hebrew there is a difference of only one letter between the words רְבִיעִי (rÿvi’i, “fourth”) and שְׁבִיעִי (shÿvi’i, “seventh”). Some ancient textual witnesses (e.g., LXX and the Syriac Peshitta) read “fourth,” here, which certainly harmonizes better with the preceding verse (cf. “for three days”) and with v. 17. Another option is to change שְׁלֹשֶׁת (shÿloshet, “three”) at the end of v. 14 to שֵׁשֶׁת (sheshet, “six”), but the resulting scenario does not account as well for v. 17, which implies the bride had been hounding Samson for more than one day.
[14:15] 202 tn Heb “Entice your husband so that he might tell us the riddle.”
[14:15] 204 tn The Hebrew text expands the statement: “burn up with fire.” The words “with fire” are redundant in English and have been omitted from the translation for stylistic reasons.
[14:15] 206 tc The translation assumes the Hebrew form הֲלֹם (halom, “here,” attested in five Hebrew
[14:15] 207 tn For discussion of this difficult form, see C. F. Burney, Judges, 364.
[14:16] 206 tn Heb “only”; or “simply.”
[14:16] 207 tn Heb “the sons of my people.”
[14:16] 208 tn Heb “Should I tell you?”
[14:17] 210 tn Heb “the seven days [during] which they held the party.” This does not mean she cried for the entire seven days; v. 15 indicates otherwise. She cried for the remainder of the seven day period, beginning on the fourth day.
[14:17] 211 tn Heb “because she forced him.”
[14:17] 212 tn Heb “she told the riddle to the sons of her people.”
[14:18] 213 sn Plowed with my heifer. This statement emphasizes that the Philistines had utilized a source of information which should have been off-limits to them. Heifers were used in plowing (Hos 10:11), but one typically used one’s own farm animals, not another man’s.
[14:19] 217 tn Heb “equipment”; or “gear.”
[14:19] 218 tn Heb “changes [of clothes].”
[14:19] 219 tn Heb “he went up to his father’s house.”
[14:20] 221 tn Heb “to his companion who had been his attendant.”
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