Boks Temuan2 Kings 11:1-21
Konteks11:1 When Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she was determined to destroy the entire royal line. 1 11:2 So Jehosheba, the daughter of King Joram and sister of Ahaziah, took Ahaziah’s son Joash and sneaked 2 him away from the rest of the royal descendants who were to be executed. She hid him and his nurse in the room where the bed covers were stored. 3 So he was hidden from Athaliah and escaped execution. 4 11:3 He hid out with his nurse in the Lord’s temple 5 for six years, while Athaliah was ruling over the land.
11:4 In the seventh year Jehoiada summoned 6 the officers of the units of hundreds of the Carians 7 and the royal bodyguard. 8 He met with them 9 in the Lord’s temple. He made an agreement 10 with them and made them swear an oath of allegiance in the Lord’s temple. Then he showed them the king’s son. 11:5 He ordered them, “This is what you must do. One third of the unit that is on duty during the Sabbath will guard the royal palace. 11:6 Another third of you will be stationed at the Foundation 11 Gate. Still another third of you will be stationed at the gate behind the royal guard. 12 You will take turns guarding the palace. 13 11:7 The two units who are off duty on the Sabbath will guard the Lord’s temple and protect the king. 14 11:8 You must surround the king. Each of you must hold his weapon in his hand. Whoever approaches your ranks must be killed. You must accompany the king wherever he goes.” 15
11:9 The officers of the units of hundreds did just as 16 Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each of them took his men, those who were on duty during the Sabbath as well as those who were off duty on the Sabbath, and reported 17 to Jehoiada the priest. 11:10 The priest gave to the officers of the units of hundreds King David’s spears and the shields that were kept in the Lord’s temple. 11:11 The royal bodyguard 18 took their stations, each holding his weapon in his hand. They lined up from the south side of the temple to the north side and stood near the altar and the temple, surrounding the king. 19 11:12 Jehoiada 20 led out the king’s son and placed on him the crown and the royal insignia. 21 They proclaimed him king and poured olive oil on his head. 22 They clapped their hands and cried out, “Long live the king!”
11:13 When Athaliah heard the royal guard 23 shout, she joined the crowd 24 at the Lord’s temple. 11:14 Then she saw 25 the king standing by the pillar, according to custom. The officers stood beside the king with their trumpets and all the people of the land were celebrating and blowing trumpets. Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason, treason!” 26 11:15 Jehoiada the priest ordered the officers of the units of hundreds, who were in charge of the army, 27 “Bring her outside the temple to the guards. 28 Put the sword to anyone who follows her.” The priest gave this order because he had decided she should not be executed in the Lord’s temple. 29 11:16 They seized her and took her into the precincts of the royal palace through the horses’ entrance. 30 There she was executed.
11:17 Jehoiada then drew up a covenant between the Lord and the king and people, stipulating that they should be loyal to the Lord. 31 11:18 All the people of the land went and demolished 32 the temple of Baal. They smashed its altars and idols 33 to bits. 34 They killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altar. Jehoiada the priest 35 then placed guards at the Lord’s temple. 11:19 He took the officers of the units of hundreds, the Carians, the royal bodyguard, and all the people of land, and together they led the king down from the Lord’s temple. They entered the royal palace through the Gate of the Royal Bodyguard, 36 and the king 37 sat down on the royal throne. 11:20 All the people of the land celebrated, for the city had rest now that they had killed Athaliah with the sword in the royal palace.
11:21 (12:1) 38 Jehoash 39 was seven years old when he began to reign.
2 Kings 11:1
Konteks11:1 When Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she was determined to destroy the entire royal line. 40
2 Kings 25:1-30
Konteks25:1 So King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside 41 it. They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign. 42 25:2 The city remained under siege until King Zedekiah’s eleventh year. 25:3 By the ninth day of the fourth month 43 the famine in the city was so severe the residents 44 had no food. 25:4 The enemy broke through the city walls, 45 and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night. 46 They went through the gate between the two walls that is near the king’s garden. 47 (The Babylonians were all around the city.) Then they headed for the Jordan Valley. 48 25:5 But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with him in the plains of Jericho, 49 and his entire army deserted him. 25:6 They captured the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah, 50 where he 51 passed sentence on him. 25:7 Zedekiah’s sons were executed while Zedekiah was forced to watch. 52 The king of Babylon 53 then had Zedekiah’s eyes put out, bound him in bronze chains, and carried him off to Babylon.
25:8 On the seventh 54 day of the fifth month, 55 in the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard 56 who served the king of Babylon, arrived in Jerusalem. 57 25:9 He burned down the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem, including every large house. 58 25:10 The whole Babylonian army that came with the captain of the royal guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem. 25:11 Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, deported the rest of the people who were left in the city, those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the craftsmen. 59 25:12 But he 60 left behind some of the poor of the land and gave them fields and vineyards.
25:13 The Babylonians broke the two bronze pillars in the Lord’s temple, as well as the movable stands and the big bronze basin called the “The Sea.” 61 They took the bronze to Babylon. 25:14 They also took the pots, shovels, 62 trimming shears, 63 pans, and all the bronze utensils used by the priests. 64 25:15 The captain of the royal guard took the golden and silver censers 65 and basins. 25:16 The bronze of the items that King Solomon made for the Lord’s temple – including the two pillars, the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” the twelve bronze bulls under “The Sea,” 66 and the movable stands – was too heavy to be weighed. 25:17 Each of the pillars was about twenty-seven feet 67 high. The bronze top of one pillar was about four and a half feet 68 high and had bronze latticework and pomegranate shaped ornaments all around it. The second pillar with its latticework was like it.
25:18 The captain of the royal guard took Seraiah the chief priest and Zephaniah, the priest who was second in rank, and the three doorkeepers. 25:19 From the city he took a eunuch who was in charge of the soldiers, five 69 of the king’s advisers 70 who were discovered in the city, an official army secretary who drafted citizens 71 for military service, and sixty citizens from the people of the land who were discovered in the city. 25:20 Nebuzaradan, captain of the royal guard, took them and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah. 25:21 The king of Babylon ordered them to be executed 72 at Riblah in the territory 73 of Hamath. So Judah was deported from its land.
25:22 Now King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, as governor over the people whom he allowed to remain in the land of Judah. 74 25:23 All of the officers of the Judahite army 75 and their troops heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah to govern. So they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah. The officers who came were Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of the Maacathite. 25:24 Gedaliah took an oath so as to give them and their troops some assurance of safety. 76 He said, “You don’t need to be afraid to submit to the Babylonian officials. Settle down in the land and submit to the king of Babylon. Then things will go well for you.” 25:25 But in the seventh month 77 Ishmael son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama, who was a member of the royal family, 78 came with ten of his men and murdered Gedaliah, 79 as well as the Judeans and Babylonians who were with him at Mizpah. 25:26 Then all the people, from the youngest to the oldest, as well as the army officers, left for 80 Egypt, because they were afraid of what the Babylonians might do.
25:27 In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin of Judah, on the twenty-seventh 81 day of the twelfth month, 82 King Evil-Merodach of Babylon, in the first year of his reign, pardoned 83 King Jehoiachin of Judah and released him 84 from prison. 25:28 He spoke kindly to him and gave him a more prestigious position than 85 the other kings who were with him in Babylon. 25:29 Jehoiachin 86 took off his prison clothes and ate daily in the king’s presence for the rest of his life. 25:30 He was given daily provisions by the king for the rest of his life until the day he died. 87
[11:1] 1 tn Heb “she arose and she destroyed all the royal offspring.” The verb קוּם (qum) “arise,” is here used in an auxiliary sense to indicate that she embarked on a campaign to destroy the royal offspring. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 125.
[11:2] 3 tn Heb “him and his nurse in an inner room of beds.” The verb is missing in the Hebrew text. The parallel passage in 2 Chr 22:11 has “and she put” at the beginning of the clause. M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 126) regard the Chronicles passage as an editorial attempt to clarify the difficulty of the original text. They prefer to take “him and his nurse” as objects of the verb “stole” and understand “in the bedroom” as the place where the royal descendants were executed. The phrase בַּחֲדַר הַמִּטּוֹת (bakhadar hammittot), “an inner room of beds,” is sometimes understood as referring to a bedroom (HALOT 293 s.v. חֶדֶר), though some prefer to see here a “room where the covers and cloths were kept for the beds (HALOT 573 s.v. מִטָּת). In either case, it may have been a temporary hideout, for v. 3 indicates that the child hid in the temple for six years.
[11:2] 4 tn Heb “and they hid him from Athaliah and he was not put to death.” The subject of the plural verb (“they hid”) is probably indefinite.
[11:3] 3 tn Heb “and he was with her [in] the house of the
[11:4] 4 tn Heb “Jehoiada sent and took.”
[11:4] 5 sn The Carians were apparently a bodyguard, probably comprised of foreigners. See HALOT 497 s.v. כָּרִי and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 126.
[11:4] 6 tn Heb “the runners.”
[11:4] 7 tn Heb “he brought them to himself.”
[11:6] 5 tn Heb “the gate of Sur” (followed by many English versions) but no such gate is mentioned elsewhere in the OT. The parallel account in 2 Chr 23:5 has “Foundation Gate.” סוּר (sur), “Sur,” may be a corruption of יְסוֹד (yÿsod) “foundation,” involving in part dalet-resh confusion.
[11:6] 6 tn Heb “the runners.”
[11:6] 7 tn The meaning of מַסָּח (massakh) is not certain. The translation above, rather than understanding it as a genitive modifying “house,” takes it as an adverb describing how the groups will guard the palace. See HALOT 605 s.v. מַסָּח for the proposed meaning “alternating” (i.e., “in turns”).
[11:7] 6 tn Verses 5b-7 read literally, “the third of you, the ones entering [on] the Sabbath and the ones guarding the guard of the house of the king, and the third in the gate of Sur, and the third in the gate behind the runners, and you will guard the guard of the house, alternating. And the two units of you, all the ones going out [on] the Sabbath, and they will guard the guard of the house of the
[11:8] 7 tn Heb “and be with the king in his going out and in his coming in.”
[11:9] 8 tn Heb “according to all that.”
[11:11] 9 tn Heb “the runners” (also in v. 19).
[11:11] 10 tn Heb “and the runners stood, each with his weapons in his hand, from the south shoulder of the house to the north shoulder of the house, at the altar and at the house, near the king all around.”
[11:12] 10 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiada) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[11:12] 11 tn The Hebrew term עֵדוּת (’edut) normally means “witness” or “testimony.” Here it probably refers to some tangible symbol of kingship, perhaps a piece of jewelry such as an amulet or neck chain. See the discussion in M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 128. Some suggest that a document is in view, perhaps a copy of the royal protocol or of the stipulations of the Davidic covenant. See HALOT 790-91 s.v. עֵדוּת.
[11:12] 12 tn Or “they made him king and anointed him.”
[11:13] 11 tc The MT reads, “and Athaliah heard the sound of the runners, the people.” The term הָעָם (ha’am), “the people,” is probably a scribal addition anticipating the reference to the people later in the verse and in v. 14.
[11:13] 12 tn Heb “she came to the people.”
[11:14] 12 tn Heb “and she saw, and look.”
[11:14] 13 tn Or “conspiracy, conspiracy.”
[11:15] 13 tn The Hebrew text also has, “and said to them.” This is redundant in English and has not been translated.
[11:15] 15 tn Heb “for the priest had said, ‘Let her not be put to death in the house of the
[11:16] 14 tn Heb “and they placed hands on her, and she went the way of the entrance of the horses [into] the house of the king.”
[11:17] 15 tn Heb “and Jehoiada made a covenant between the
[11:18] 18 tn The Hebrew construction translated “smashed…to bits” is emphatic. The adverbial infinitive absolute (הֵיטֵב [hetev], “well”) accompanying the Piel form of the verb שָׁבַר (shavar), “break,” suggests thorough demolition.
[11:18] 19 tn Heb “the priest.” Jehoiada’s name is added for clarification.
[11:19] 17 tn Heb “the Gate of the Runners of the House of the King.”
[11:19] 18 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[11:21] 18 sn Beginning with 11:21, the verse numbers through 12:21 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 11:21 ET = 12:1 HT, 12:1 ET = 12:2 HT, 12:2 ET = 12:3 HT, etc., through 12:21 ET = 12:22 HT. With 13:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
[11:21] 19 tn Jehoash is an alternate name for Joash (see 11:2).
[11:1] 19 tn Heb “she arose and she destroyed all the royal offspring.” The verb קוּם (qum) “arise,” is here used in an auxiliary sense to indicate that she embarked on a campaign to destroy the royal offspring. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 125.
[25:1] 21 sn This would have been Jan 15, 588
[25:3] 21 tn The MT has simply “of the month,” but the parallel passage in Jer 52:6 has “fourth month,” and this is followed by almost all English translations. The word “fourth,” however, is not actually present in the MT of 2 Kgs 25:3.
[25:3] 22 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
[25:4] 22 tn Heb “the city was breached.”
[25:4] 23 tn The Hebrew text is abrupt here: “And all the men of war by the night.” The translation attempts to capture the sense.
[25:4] 24 sn The king’s garden is mentioned again in Neh 3:15 in conjunction with the pool of Siloam and the stairs that go down from the city of David. This would have been in the southern part of the city near the Tyropean Valley which agrees with the reference to the “two walls” which were probably the walls on the eastern and western hills.
[25:4] 25 sn Heb “toward the Arabah.” The Arabah was the rift valley north and south of the Dead Sea. Here the intention was undoubtedly to escape across the Jordan to Moab or Ammon. It appears from Jer 40:14; 41:15 that the Ammonites were known to harbor fugitives from the Babylonians.
[25:5] 23 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[25:6] 24 sn Riblah was a strategic town on the Orontes River in Syria. It was at a crossing of the major roads between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Pharaoh Necho had earlier received Jehoahaz there and put him in chains (2 Kgs 23:33) prior to taking him captive to Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar had set up his base camp for conducting his campaigns against the Palestinian states there and was now sitting in judgment on prisoners brought to him.
[25:6] 25 tn The Hebrew text has the plural form of the verb, but the parallel passage in Jer 52:9 has the singular.
[25:7] 25 tn Heb “were killed before his eyes.”
[25:7] 26 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of Babylon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[25:8] 26 tn The parallel account in Jer 52:12 has “tenth.”
[25:8] 27 sn The seventh day of the month would have been August 14, 586
[25:8] 28 tn For the meaning of this phrase see BDB 371 s.v. טַבָּח 2, and compare the usage in Gen 39:1.
[25:8] 29 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[25:9] 27 tn Heb “and every large house he burned down with fire.”
[25:11] 28 tc The MT has “the multitude.” But הֶהָמוֹן (hehamon) should probably be emended to הֶאָמוֹן (he’amon).
[25:12] 29 tn Heb “the captain of the royal guard.” However, the subject is clear from the preceding and contemporary English style would normally avoid repeating the proper name and title.
[25:13] 30 sn See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.
[25:14] 31 sn These shovels were used to clean the altar.
[25:14] 32 sn These were used to trim the wicks.
[25:14] 33 tn Heb “with which they served [or, ‘fulfilled their duty’].”
[25:15] 32 sn These held the embers used for the incense offerings.
[25:16] 33 tc The MT lacks “the twelve bronze bulls under ‘the Sea,’” but these words have probably been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton. The scribe’s eye may have jumped from the וְהָ (vÿha-) on וְהַבָּקָר (vÿhabbaqar), “and the bulls,” to the וְהָ on וְהַמְּכֹנוֹת (vÿhammÿkhonot), “and the movable stands,” causing him to leave out the intervening words. See the parallel passage in Jer 52:20.
[25:17] 34 tn Heb “eighteen cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about eighteen inches (45 cm) long.
[25:17] 35 tn Heb “three cubits.” The parallel passage in Jer 52:22 has “five.”
[25:19] 35 tn The parallel passage in Jer 52:25 has “seven.”
[25:19] 36 tn Heb “five seers of the king’s face.”
[25:19] 37 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
[25:21] 36 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
[25:22] 37 tn Heb “And the people who were left in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon left, he appointed over them Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan.”
[25:23] 38 tn Heb “of the army.” The word “Judahite” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[25:24] 39 tn The words “so as to give them…some assurance of safety” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[25:25] 40 sn It is not altogether clear whether this is in the same year that Jerusalem fell or not. The wall was breached in the fourth month (= early July; Jer 39:2) and Nebuzaradan came and burned the palace, the temple, and many of the houses and tore down the wall in the fifth month (= early August; Jer 52:12). That would have left time between the fifth month and the seventh month (October) to gather in the harvest of grapes, dates and figs, and olives (Jer 40:12). However, many commentators feel that too much activity takes place in too short a time for this to have been in the same year and posit that it happened the following year or even five years later when a further deportation took place, possibly in retaliation for the murder of Gedaliah and the Babylonian garrison at Mizpah (Jer 52:30). The assassination of Gedaliah had momentous consequences and was commemorated in one of the post exilic fast days lamenting the fall of Jerusalem (Zech 8:19).
[25:25] 41 tn Heb “[was] from the seed of the kingdom.”
[25:25] 42 tn Heb “and they struck down Gedaliah and he died.”
[25:26] 41 tn Heb “arose and went to.”
[25:27] 42 sn The parallel account in Jer 52:31 has “twenty-fifth.”
[25:27] 43 sn The twenty-seventh day would be March 22, 561
[25:27] 44 tn Heb “lifted up the head of.”
[25:27] 45 tn The words “released him” are supplied in the translation on the basis of Jer 52:31.
[25:28] 43 tn Heb “made his throne above the throne of.”
[25:29] 44 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiachin) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[25:30] 45 tc The words “until the day he died” do not appear in the MT, but they are included in the parallel passage in Jer 52:34. Probably they have been accidentally omitted by homoioteleuton. A scribe’s eye jumped from the final vav (ו) on בְּיוֹמוֹ (bÿyomo), “in his day,” to the final vav (ו) on מוֹתוֹ (moto), “his death,” leaving out the intervening words.
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