2 Raja-raja 14:1--15:38
Konteks14:1 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Joash son of Joahaz, 1 Joash’s 2 son Amaziah became king over Judah. 14:2 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. 3 His mother 4 was Jehoaddan, who was from Jerusalem. 14:3 He did what the Lord approved, 5 but not like David his father. He followed the example of his father Joash. 6 14:4 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places.
14:5 When he had secured control of the kingdom, 7 he executed the servants who had assassinated his father. 8 14:6 But he did not execute the sons of the assassins. He obeyed the Lord’s commandment as recorded in the law scroll of Moses, 9 “Fathers must not be put to death for what their sons do, 10 and sons must not be put to death for what their fathers do. 11 A man must be put to death only for his own sin.” 12
14:7 He defeated 13 10,000 Edomites in the Salt Valley; he captured Sela in battle and renamed it Joktheel, a name it has retained to this very day. 14:8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel. He said, “Come, let’s meet face to face.” 14 14:9 King Jehoash of Israel sent this message back to King Amaziah of Judah, “A thornbush in Lebanon sent this message to a cedar in Lebanon, ‘Give your daughter to my son as a wife.’ Then a wild animal 15 of Lebanon came by and trampled down the thorn. 16 14:10 You thoroughly defeated Edom 17 and it has gone to your head! 18 Gloat over your success, 19 but stay in your palace. Why bring calamity on yourself? Why bring down yourself and Judah along with you?” 20 14:11 But Amaziah would not heed the warning, 21 so King Jehoash of Israel attacked. 22 He and King Amaziah of Judah met face to face 23 in Beth Shemesh of Judah. 14:12 Judah was defeated by Israel, and each man ran back home. 24 14:13 King Jehoash of Israel captured King Amaziah of Judah, son of Jehoash son of Ahaziah, in Beth Shemesh. He 25 attacked 26 Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Gate of Ephraim to the Corner Gate – a distance of about six hundred feet. 27 14:14 He took away all the gold and silver, all the items found in the Lord’s temple and in the treasuries of the royal palace, and some hostages. 28 Then he went back to Samaria. 29
( 14:15 The rest of the events of Jehoash’s 30 reign, including all his accomplishments and his successful war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 31 14:16 Jehoash passed away 32 and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. His son Jeroboam replaced him as king.)
14:17 King Amaziah son of Joash of Judah lived for fifteen years after the death of King Jehoash son of Jehoahaz of Israel. 14:18 The rest of the events of Amaziah’s reign are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 33 14:19 Conspirators plotted against him in Jerusalem, 34 so he fled to Lachish. But they sent assassins after him 35 and they killed him there. 14:20 His body was carried back by horses 36 and he was buried in Jerusalem with his ancestors in the city of David. 14:21 All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in his father Amaziah’s place. 14:22 Azariah 37 built up Elat and restored it to Judah after the king 38 had passed away. 39
14:23 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Judah’s King Amaziah, son of Joash, Jeroboam son of Joash became king over Israel. He reigned for forty-one years in Samaria. 40 14:24 He did evil in the sight of 41 the Lord; he did not repudiate 42 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 14:25 He restored the border of Israel from Lebo Hamath in the north to the sea of the Arabah in the south, 43 in accordance with the word of the Lord God of Israel announced through 44 his servant Jonah son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath Hepher. 14:26 The Lord saw Israel’s intense suffering; 45 everyone was weak and incapacitated and Israel had no deliverer. 46 14:27 The Lord had not decreed that he would blot out Israel’s memory 47 from under heaven, 48 so he delivered them through Jeroboam son of Joash.
14:28 The rest of the events of Jeroboam’s reign, including all his accomplishments, his military success in restoring Israelite control over Damascus and Hamath, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 49 14:29 Jeroboam passed away 50 and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. 51 His son Zechariah replaced him as king.
15:1 In the twenty-seventh year of King Jeroboam’s reign over Israel, Amaziah’s son Azariah became king over Judah. 15:2 He was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for fifty-two years in Jerusalem. 52 His mother’s name was Jecholiah, who was from Jerusalem. 15:3 He did what the Lord approved, just as his father Amaziah had done. 53 15:4 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. 15:5 The Lord afflicted the king with an illness; he suffered from a skin disease 54 until the day he died. He lived in separate quarters, 55 while his son Jotham was in charge of the palace and ruled over the people of the land.
15:6 The rest of the events of Azariah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 56 15:7 Azariah passed away 57 and was buried 58 with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Jotham replaced him as king.
15:8 In the thirty-eighth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Jeroboam’s son Zechariah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 59 for six months. 15:9 He did evil in the sight of 60 the Lord, as his ancestors had done. He did not repudiate 61 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:10 Shallum son of Jabesh conspired against him; he assassinated him in Ibleam 62 and took his place as king. 15:11 The rest of the events of Zechariah’s reign are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 63 15:12 His assassination brought to fulfillment the Lord’s word to Jehu, 64 “Four generations of your descendants will rule over Israel.” 65 That is exactly what happened. 66
15:13 Shallum son of Jabesh became king in the thirty-ninth year of King Uzziah’s 67 reign over Judah. He reigned for one month 68 in Samaria. 15:14 Menahem son of Gadi went up from Tirzah to 69 Samaria and attacked Shallum son of Jabesh. 70 He killed him and took his place as king. 15:15 The rest of the events of Shallum’s reign, including the conspiracy he organized, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 71 15:16 At that time Menahem came from Tirzah and attacked Tiphsah. He struck down all who lived in the city and the surrounding territory, because they would not surrender. 72 He even ripped open the pregnant women.
15:17 In the thirty-ninth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Menahem son of Gadi became king over Israel. He reigned for twelve years in Samaria. 73 15:18 He did evil in the sight of 74 the Lord; he did not repudiate 75 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 76
During his reign, 15:19 Pul 77 king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem paid 78 him 79 a thousand talents 80 of silver to gain his support 81 and to solidify his control of the kingdom. 82 15:20 Menahem got this silver by taxing all the wealthy men in Israel; he took fifty shekels of silver from each one of them and paid it to the king of Assyria. 83 Then the king of Assyria left; he did not stay there in the land.
15:21 The rest of the events of Menahem’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 84 15:22 Menahem passed away 85 and his son Pekahiah replaced him as king.
15:23 In the fiftieth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Menahem’s son Pekahiah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 86 for two years. 15:24 He did evil in the sight of 87 the Lord; he did not repudiate 88 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:25 His officer Pekah son of Remaliah conspired against him. He and fifty Gileadites assassinated Pekahiah, as well as Argob and Arieh, in Samaria in the fortress of the royal palace. 89 Pekah then took his place as king.
15:26 The rest of the events of Pekahiah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 90
15:27 In the fifty-second year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 91 for twenty years. 15:28 He did evil in the sight of 92 the Lord; he did not repudiate 93 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:29 During Pekah’s reign over Israel, King Tiglath-pileser of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel Beth Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, 94 Gilead, and Galilee, including all the territory of Naphtali. He deported the people 95 to Assyria. 15:30 Hoshea son of Elah conspired against Pekah son of Remaliah. He assassinated him 96 and took his place as king, in the twentieth year of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah.
15:31 The rest of the events of Pekah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 97
15:32 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Pekah son of Remaliah, Uzziah’s son Jotham became king over Judah. 15:33 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. 98 His mother was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok. 15:34 He did what the Lord approved, just as his father Uzziah had done. 99 15:35 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. He built the Upper Gate to the Lord’s temple.
15:36 The rest of the events of Jotham’s reign, including his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 100 15:37 In those days the Lord prompted King Rezin of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah to attack Judah. 101 15:38 Jotham passed away 102 and was buried with his ancestors in the city of his ancestor David. His son Ahaz replaced him as king.
[14:1] 1 sn The name Joahaz is an alternate form of Jehoahaz.
[14:1] 2 sn The referent here is Joash of Judah (see 12:21), not Joash of Israel, mentioned earlier in the verse.
[14:2] 3 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[14:2] 4 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
[14:3] 5 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[14:3] 6 tn Heb “according to all which Joash his father had done, he did.”
[14:5] 7 tn Heb “when the kingdom was secure in his hand.”
[14:5] 8 tn Heb “he struck down his servants, the ones who had struck down the king, his father.”
[14:6] 9 tn Heb “as it is written in the scroll of the law of Moses which the
[14:6] 10 tn Heb “on account of sons.”
[14:6] 11 tn Heb “on account of fathers.”
[14:6] 12 sn This law is recorded in Deut 24:16.
[14:7] 13 tn Or “struck down.”
[14:8] 14 tn Heb “let us look at each other [in the] face.” The expression refers here to meeting in battle. See v. 11.
[14:9] 15 tn Heb “the animal of the field.”
[14:9] 16 sn Judah is the thorn in the allegory. Amaziah’s success has deceived him into thinking he is on the same level as the major powers in the area (symbolized by the cedar). In reality he is not capable of withstanding an attack by a real military power such as Israel (symbolized by the wild animal).
[14:10] 17 tn Or “you have indeed defeated Edom.”
[14:10] 18 tn Heb “and your heart has lifted you up.”
[14:10] 19 tn Heb “be glorified.”
[14:10] 20 tn Heb “Why get involved in calamity and fall, you and Judah with you?”
[14:11] 21 tn Heb “did not listen.”
[14:11] 23 tn Heb “looked at each other [in the] face.”
[14:12] 24 tn Heb “and Judah was struck down before Israel and they fled, each to his tent.”
[14:13] 25 tc The MT has the plural form of the verb, but the final vav (ו) is virtually dittographic. The word that immediately follows in the Hebrew text begins with a yod (י). The form should be emended to the singular, which is consistent in number with the verb (“he broke down”) that follows.
[14:13] 27 tn Heb “four hundred cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about eighteen inches (45 cm) long.
[14:14] 28 tn Heb “the sons of the pledges.”
[14:14] 29 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[14:15] 30 sn Jehoash and Joash are alternate forms of the same name.
[14:15] 31 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehoash, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[14:16] 32 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[14:18] 33 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Amaziah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[14:19] 34 tn Heb “and they conspired against him [with] a conspiracy in Jerusalem.”
[14:19] 35 tn Heb “and they sent after him to Lachish.”
[14:20] 36 tn Heb “and they carried him on horses.”
[14:22] 37 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Azariah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[14:22] 38 sn This must refer to Amaziah.
[14:22] 39 tn Heb “lay with his fathers.”
[14:23] 40 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[14:24] 41 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[14:24] 42 tn Heb “turn away from all.”
[14:25] 43 tn The phrases “in the north” and “in the south” are added in the translation for clarification.
[14:25] 44 tn Heb “which he spoke by the hand of.”
[14:26] 45 tc Heb “for the
[14:26] 46 tn Heb “[there was] none but the restrained, and [there was] none but the abandoned, and there was no deliverer for Israel.” On the meaning of the terms עָצוּר (’atsur) and עָזוּב (’azur), see the note at 1 Kgs 14:10.
[14:27] 48 tn The phrase “from under heaven” adds emphasis to the verb “blot out” and suggest total annihilation. For other examples of the verb מָחָה (makhah), “blot out,” combined with “from under heaven,” see Exod 17:14; Deut 9:14; 25:19; 29:20.
[14:28] 49 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jeroboam, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought and how he restored Damascus and Hamath to Judah in Israel, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?” The phrase “to Judah” is probably not original; it may be a scribal addition by a Judahite scribe who was trying to link Jeroboam’s conquests with the earlier achievements of David and Solomon, who ruled in Judah. The Syriac Peshitta has simply “to Israel.” M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 162) offer this proposal, but acknowledge that it is “highly speculative.”
[14:29] 50 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[14:29] 51 tn The MT has simply “with the kings of Israel,” which appears to stand in apposition to the immediately preceding “with his fathers.” But it is likely that the words “and he was buried in Samaria” have been accidentally omitted from the text. See 13:13 and 14:16.
[15:2] 52 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[15:3] 53 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[15:5] 54 tn Traditionally, “he was a leper.” But see the note at 5:1.
[15:5] 55 tn The precise meaning of בֵית הַחָפְשִׁית (bet hakhofÿshit), “house of […?],” is uncertain. For a discussion of various proposals, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 166-67.
[15:6] 56 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Azariah, and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[15:7] 57 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[15:7] 58 tn Heb “and they buried him.”
[15:8] 59 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:9] 60 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:9] 61 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:10] 62 tc The MT reads, “and he struck him down before the people and killed him” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). However, the reading קָבָל עָם (qaval ’am), “before the people,” is problematic to some because קָבָל is a relatively late Aramaic term. Nevertheless, the Aramaic term qobel certainly antedates the writing of Kings. The bigger problem seems to be the unnecessary intrusion of an Aramaic word at all here. Most interpreters prefer to follow Lucian’s Greek version and read “in Ibleam” (בְיִבְלְעָם, bÿivle’am). Cf. NAB, TEV.
[15:11] 63 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jeroboam, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:12] 64 tn Heb “It was the word of the
[15:12] 65 tn “sons of four generations will sit for you on the throne of Israel.”
[15:12] sn See the note at 2 Kgs 10:30.
[15:12] 66 tn Heb “and it was so.”
[15:13] 67 sn Azariah was also known by the name Uzziah.
[15:13] 68 tn Heb “a month of days.”
[15:14] 69 tn Heb “and came to.”
[15:14] 70 tn Heb “went up from Tirzah and arrived in Samaria and attacked Shallum son of Jabesh in Samaria.”
[15:15] 71 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he conspired, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:16] 72 tn Heb “then Menahem attacked Tiphsah and all who were in it and its borders from Tirzah, for it would not open, and he attacked.”
[15:16] tn Instead of “Tiphsah,” the LXX has “Tirzah,” while Lucian’s Greek version reads “Tappuah.” For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 171.
[15:17] 73 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:18] 74 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:18] 75 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:18] 76 tc The MT of v. 18 ends with the words, “all his days.” If this phrase is taken with what precedes, then one should translate, “[who encouraged Israel to sin] throughout his reign.” However, it may be preferable to emend the text to בְיֹמָיו (bÿyomav), “in his days,” and join the phrase to what follows. The translation assumes this change.
[15:19] 77 sn Pul was a nickname of Tiglath-pileser III (cf. 15:29). See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 171-72.
[15:19] 79 tn Heb “Pul.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[15:19] 80 tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 75,000 pounds of silver (cf. NCV “about seventy-four thousand pounds”); NLT “thirty-seven tons”; CEV “over thirty tons”; TEV “34,000 kilogrammes.”
[15:19] 81 tn Heb “so his hands would be with him.”
[15:19] 82 tn Heb “to keep hold of the kingdom in his hand.”
[15:20] 83 tn Heb “and Menahem brought out the silver over Israel, over the prominent men of means, to give to the king of Assyria, fifty shekels of silver for each man.”
[15:21] 84 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Menahem, and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[15:22] 85 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[15:23] 86 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:24] 87 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:24] 88 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:25] 89 tn Heb “and he struck him down in Samaria in the fortress of the house of the king, Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men from the sons of the Gileadites, and they killed him.”
[15:25] sn The precise identity of Argob and Arieh, as well as their relationship to the king, are uncertain. The usual assumption is that they were officials assassinated along with Pekahiah, or that they were two of the more prominent Gileadites involved in the revolt. For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 173.
[15:26] 90 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Pekahiah, and all which he did, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:27] 91 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:28] 92 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:28] 93 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:29] 94 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[15:30] 96 tn Heb “and struck him down and killed him.”
[15:31] 97 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Pekah, and all which he did, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:33] 98 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[15:34] 99 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[15:36] 100 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jotham, and that which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[15:37] 101 tn Heb “the
