Yosua 19:1--21:45
Konteks19:1 The second lot belonged to the tribe of Simeon by its clans. 1 19:2 Their assigned land included 2 Beer Sheba, 3 Moladah, 19:3 Hazar Shual, Balah, Ezem, 19:4 Eltolad, Bethul, Hormah, 19:5 Ziklag, Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susah, 19:6 Beth Lebaoth, and Sharuhen – a total of thirteen cities and their towns, 19:7 Ain, Rimmon, Ether, and Ashan – a total of four cities and their towns, 19:8 as well as all the towns around these cities as far as Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev). This was the land assigned to the tribe of Simeon by its clans. 4 19:9 Simeon’s assigned land was taken from Judah’s allotted portion, for Judah’s territory was too large for them; so Simeon was assigned land within Judah. 5
19:10 The third lot belonged to the tribe of Zebulun 6 by its clans. The border of their territory 7 extended to Sarid. 19:11 Their border went up westward to Maralah and touched Dabbesheth and the valley near 8 Jokneam. 19:12 From Sarid it turned eastward 9 to the territory of Kisloth Tabor, extended to Daberath, and went up to Japhia. 19:13 From there it crossed eastward to Gath Hepher and Eth Kazin and extended to Rimmon, turning toward Neah. 19:14 It then turned on the north to Hannathon and ended at the Valley of Iphtah El. 19:15 Their territory included Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem; 10 in all they had twelve cities and their towns. 11 19:16 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Zebulun 12 by its clans, including these cities and their towns.
19:17 The fourth lot belonged to the tribe of Issachar 13 by its clans. 19:18 Their assigned land 14 included Jezreel, Kesulloth, Shunem, 19:19 Hapharaim, Shion, Anaharath, 19:20 Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez, 19:21 Remeth, En Gannim, En Haddah and Beth Pazzez. 19:22 Their border touched Tabor, Shahazumah, and Beth Shemesh, and ended at the Jordan. They had sixteen cities and their towns. 19:23 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Issachar 15 by its clans, including the cities and their towns.
19:24 The fifth lot belonged to the tribe of Asher 16 by its clans. 19:25 Their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Acshaph, 19:26 Alammelech, Amad, and Mishal. Their border touched Carmel to the west and Shihor Libnath. 19:27 It turned eastward toward Beth Dagon, touched Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah El to the north, as well as the Valley of Emek and Neiel, and extended to Cabul on the north 17 19:28 and on to Ebron, 18 Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon. 19 19:29 It then turned toward Ramah as far as the fortified city of Tyre, 20 turned to Hosah, and ended at the sea near Hebel, Aczib, 19:30 Umah, Aphek, and Rehob. In all they had 21 twenty-two cities and their towns. 19:31 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Asher 22 by its clans, including these cities and their towns.
19:32 The sixth lot belonged to the tribe of Naphtali 23 by its clans. 19:33 Their border started at Heleph and the oak of Zaanannim, went to Adami Nekeb, Jabneel and on to Lakkum, 24 and ended at the Jordan River. 25 19:34 It turned westward to Aznoth Tabor, extended from there to Hukok, touched Zebulun on the south, Asher on the west, and the Jordan 26 on the east. 19:35 The fortified cities included Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Kinnereth, 19:36 Adamah, Ramah, Hazor, 27 19:37 Kedesh, Edrei, En Hazor, 19:38 Yiron, 28 Migdal El, Horem, Beth Anath, and Beth Shemesh. In all they had 29 nineteen cities and their towns. 19:39 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Naphtali 30 by its clans, including the cities and their towns.
19:40 The seventh lot belonged to the tribe of Dan 31 by its clans. 19:41 Their assigned land included Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh, 19:42 Shaalabbin, Aijalon, Ithlah, 19:43 Elon, Timnah, Ekron, 19:44 Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, 19:45 Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon, 19:46 the waters of Jarkon, and Rakkon, including the territory in front of Joppa. 19:47 (The Danites failed to conquer their territory, 32 so they went up and fought with Leshem and captured it. They put the sword to it, took possession of it, and lived in it. They renamed it 33 Dan after their ancestor. 34 ) 19:48 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Dan 35 by its clans, including these cities and their towns.
19:49 When they finished dividing the land into its regions, the Israelites gave Joshua son of Nun some land. 36 19:50 As the Lord had instructed, they gave him the city he requested – Timnath Serah in the Ephraimite hill country. He built up the city and lived in it.
19:51 These are the land assignments which Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the Israelite tribal leaders 37 made by drawing lots in Shiloh before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 38 So they finished dividing up the land.
20:1 The Lord instructed Joshua: 20:2 “Have the Israelites select 39 the cities of refuge 40 that I told you about through Moses. 20:3 Anyone who accidentally kills someone can escape there; 41 these cities will be a place of asylum from the avenger of blood. 20:4 The one who committed manslaughter 42 should escape to one of these cities, stand at the entrance of the city gate, and present his case to the leaders of that city. 43 They should then bring him into the city, give him a place to stay, and let him live there. 44 20:5 When the avenger of blood comes after him, they must not hand over to him the one who committed manslaughter, for he accidentally killed his fellow man without premeditation. 45 20:6 He must remain 46 in that city until his case is decided by the assembly 47 and the high priest dies. 48 Then the one who committed manslaughter may return home to the city from which he escaped.” 49
20:7 So they selected 50 Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah. 20:8 Beyond the Jordan east of Jericho 51 they selected 52 Bezer in the desert on the plain belonging to the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead belonging to the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan belonging to the tribe of Manasseh. 20:9 These were the cities of refuge 53 appointed for all the Israelites and for resident foreigners living among them. Anyone who accidentally killed someone could escape there and not be executed by 54 the avenger of blood, at least until his case was reviewed by the assembly. 55
21:1 The tribal leaders of the Levites went before Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun and the Israelite tribal leaders 21:2 in Shiloh in the land of Canaan and said, “The Lord told Moses to assign us cities in which to live along with the grazing areas for our cattle.” 21:3 So the Israelites assigned these cities and their grazing areas to the Levites from their own holdings, as the Lord had instructed.
21:4 The first lot belonged to 56 the Kohathite clans. The Levites who were descendants of Aaron the priest were allotted thirteen cities from the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin. 21:5 The rest of Kohath’s descendants were allotted ten cities from the clans of the tribe of Ephraim, and from the tribe of Dan and the half-tribe of Manasseh. 21:6 Gershon’s descendants were allotted thirteen cities from the clans of the tribe of Issachar, and from the tribes of Asher and Naphtali and the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan. 21:7 Merari’s descendants by their clans were allotted twelve cities from the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun. 21:8 So the Israelites assigned to the Levites by lot these cities and their grazing areas, as the Lord had instructed Moses.
21:9 They assigned from the tribes of Judah and Simeon the cities listed below. 21:10 They were assigned to the Kohathite clans of the Levites who were descendants of Aaron, 57 for the first lot belonged to them. 21:11 They assigned them Kiriath Arba (Arba was the father of Anak), that is, Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, along with its surrounding grazing areas. 21:12 (Now the city’s fields and surrounding towns they had assigned to Caleb son of Jephunneh as his property.) 21:13 So to the descendants of Aaron the priest they assigned Hebron (a city of refuge for one who committed manslaughter), Libnah, 21:14 Jattir, Eshtemoa, 21:15 Holon, Debir, 21:16 Ain, Juttah, and Beth Shemesh, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of nine cities taken from these two tribes. 21:17 From the tribe of Benjamin they assigned 58 Gibeon, Geba, 21:18 Anathoth, and Almon, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities. 21:19 The priests descended from Aaron received thirteen cities and their grazing areas.
21:20 The rest of the Kohathite clans of the Levites were allotted cities from the tribe of Ephraim. 21:21 They assigned them Shechem (a city of refuge for one who committed manslaughter) in the hill country of Ephraim, Gezer, 21:22 Kibzaim, and Beth Horon, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities. 21:23 From the tribe of Dan they assigned Eltekeh, Gibbethon, 21:24 Aijalon, and Gath Rimmon, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities. 21:25 From the half-tribe of Manasseh they assigned Taanach and Gath Rimmon, 59 along with the grazing areas of each – a total of two cities. 21:26 The rest of the Kohathite clans received ten cities and their grazing areas.
21:27 They assigned to the Gershonite clans of the Levites the following cities: 60 from the half-tribe of Manasseh: Golan in Bashan (a city of refuge for one who committed manslaughter) and Beeshtarah, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of two cities; 21:28 from the tribe of Issachar: Kishon, Daberath, 21:29 Jarmuth, and En Gannim, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities; 21:30 from the tribe of Asher: Mishal, Abdon, 21:31 Helkath, and Rehob, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities; 21:32 from the tribe of Naphtali: Kedesh in Galilee (a city of refuge for one who committed manslaughter), Hammoth Dor, and Kartan, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of three cities. 21:33 The Gershonite clans received thirteen cities and their grazing areas.
21:34 They assigned to the Merarite clans (the remaining Levites) the following cities: from the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam, Kartah, 21:35 Dimnah, and Nahalal, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities; 21:36 61 from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer, Jahaz, 21:37 Kedemoth, and Mephaath, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities; 21:38 from the tribe of Gad: Ramoth in Gilead (a city of refuge for one who committed manslaughter), Mahanaim, 21:39 Heshbon, and Jazer, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities. 21:40 The Merarite clans (the remaining Levites) were allotted twelve cities.
21:41 The Levites received within the land owned by the Israelites 62 forty-eight cities in all and their grazing areas. 21:42 Each of these cities had grazing areas around it; they were alike in this regard. 63
21:43 So the Lord gave Israel all the land he had solemnly promised to their ancestors, 64 and they conquered 65 it and lived in it. 21:44 The Lord made them secure, 66 in fulfillment of all he had solemnly promised their ancestors. 67 None of their enemies could resist them. 68 21:45 Not one of the Lord’s faithful promises to the family of Israel 69 was left unfulfilled; every one was realized. 70
Lukas 2:25-52
Konteks2:25 Now 71 there was a man in Jerusalem 72 named Simeon who was righteous 73 and devout, looking for the restoration 74 of Israel, and the Holy Spirit 75 was upon him. 2:26 It 76 had been revealed 77 to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not die 78 before 79 he had seen the Lord’s Christ. 80 2:27 So 81 Simeon, 82 directed by the Spirit, 83 came into the temple courts, 84 and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to do for him what was customary according to the law, 85 2:28 Simeon 86 took him in his arms and blessed God, saying, 87
2:29 “Now, according to your word, 88 Sovereign Lord, 89 permit 90 your servant 91 to depart 92 in peace.
2:30 For my eyes have seen your salvation 93
2:31 that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples: 94
for revelation to the Gentiles,
and for glory 96 to your people Israel.”
2:33 So 97 the child’s 98 father 99 and mother were amazed 100 at what was said about him. 2:34 Then 101 Simeon blessed them and said to his mother Mary, “Listen carefully: 102 This child 103 is destined to be the cause of the falling and rising 104 of many in Israel and to be a sign that will be rejected. 105 2:35 Indeed, as a result of him the thoughts 106 of many hearts will be revealed 107 – and a sword 108 will pierce your own soul as well!” 109
2:36 There was also a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old, 110 having been married to her husband for seven years until his death. 2:37 She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. 111 She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. 112 2:38 At that moment, 113 she came up to them 114 and began to give thanks to God and to speak 115 about the child 116 to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem. 117
2:39 So 118 when Joseph and Mary 119 had performed 120 everything according to the law of the Lord, 121 they returned to Galilee, to their own town 122 of Nazareth. 123 2:40 And the child grew and became strong, 124 filled with wisdom, 125 and the favor 126 of God 127 was upon him.
2:41 Now 128 Jesus’ 129 parents went to Jerusalem 130 every 131 year for the feast of the Passover. 132 2:42 When 133 he was twelve years old, 134 they went up 135 according to custom. 2:43 But 136 when the feast was over, 137 as they were returning home, 138 the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His 139 parents 140 did not know it, 2:44 but (because they assumed that he was in their group of travelers) 141 they went a day’s journey. Then 142 they began to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. 143 2:45 When 144 they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem 145 to look for him. 2:46 After 146 three days 147 they found him in the temple courts, 148 sitting among the teachers, 149 listening to them and asking them questions. 2:47 And all who heard Jesus 150 were astonished 151 at his understanding and his answers. 2:48 When 152 his parents 153 saw him, they were overwhelmed. His 154 mother said to him, “Child, 155 why have you treated 156 us like this? Look, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously.” 157 2:49 But 158 he replied, 159 “Why were you looking for me? 160 Didn’t you know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 161 2:50 Yet 162 his parents 163 did not understand 164 the remark 165 he made 166 to them. 2:51 Then 167 he went down with them and came to Nazareth, 168 and was obedient 169 to them. But 170 his mother kept all these things 171 in her heart. 172
2:52 And Jesus increased 173 in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and with people.
[19:1] 1 tn Heb “and the second lot came out for Simeon, for the tribe of the sons of Simeon by their clans.”
[19:2] 2 tn Heb “and they had in their inheritance.”
[19:2] 3 tc The MT has “and Sheba” listed after “Beer Sheba.” The LXX suggests “Shema.” The Hebrew text appears to be corrupt, since the form “Sheba” duplicates the latter part of the preceding name. If Sheba (or Shema) is retained, the list numbers fourteen, one more than the number given in the concluding summary (v. 6).
[19:8] 4 tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon.”
[19:9] 5 tn Heb “from the portion of the sons of Judah was the inheritance of the sons of Simeon for the portion of the sons of Judah was too large for them, and the sons of Simeon received an inheritance in the midst of their inheritance.”
[19:10] 6 tn Heb “and the third lot came up for the sons of Zebulun.”
[19:10] 7 tn Or “inheritance.”
[19:11] 8 tn Heb “in front of”; perhaps “east of.”
[19:12] 9 tn Heb “eastward toward the rising of the sun.”
[19:15] 10 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[19:15] 11 tn Heb “Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem, twelve cities and their towns.” The words “their territory included” and “in all they had” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[19:16] 12 tn Heb “this is the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun.”
[19:17] 13 tn Heb “the fourth lot came out for the sons of Issachar.”
[19:18] 14 tn Or “their inheritance.”
[19:23] 15 tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar.”
[19:24] 16 tn Heb “and the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the sons of Asher.”
[19:28] 18 tc Some Hebrew
[19:28] 19 map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[19:29] 20 map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[19:30] 21 tn The words “in all they had” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[19:31] 22 tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher.”
[19:32] 23 tn Heb “the sixth lot came out for the sons of Naphtali, for the sons of Naphtali.”
[19:33] 24 tn Heb “and their border was from Heleph, from the oak of Zaanannim, and Adami Nekeb, and Jabneel to Lakkum.”
[19:33] 25 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied for clarity.
[19:34] 26 tc The MT reads “Judah, the Jordan”; the LXX omits “Judah.” Perhaps there was a town named Judah, distinct from the tribe of Judah, located near the northern end of the Jordan.
[19:36] 27 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[19:38] 28 sn Instead of Yiron some English translations read Iron.
[19:38] 29 tn The words “in all they had” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[19:39] 30 tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali.”
[19:40] 31 tn Heb “the seventh lot came out for the sons of Dan.”
[19:47] 32 tn Heb “the territory of the sons of Dan went out from them.”
[19:47] 33 tn Heb “Leshem.” The pronoun (“it”) has replaced the name “Leshem” in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[19:47] 34 tn Heb “according to the name of their father.”
[19:48] 35 tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan.”
[19:49] 36 tn Heb “an inheritance in their midst.”
[19:51] 37 tn Heb “the leaders of the fathers of the tribes.”
[19:51] 38 tn Heb “at the entrance of the tent of assembly.”
[19:51] sn On the tent of meeting see Exod 33:7-11.
[20:2] 39 tn Heb “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘Set aside for yourselves.’”
[20:3] 41 tn Heb “so that the one who kills, taking life accidentally without knowledge, may flee there.”
[20:4] 42 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the one who accidentally kills another, cf. v. 2) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[20:4] 43 tn Heb “and speak into the ears of the elders of that city his words.”
[20:4] 44 tn Heb “and they should gather him into the city to themselves, give to him a place, and he will live with them.”
[20:5] 45 tn Heb “for without knowledge he killed his neighbor, and he was not hating him prior to that.”
[20:6] 47 tn Heb “until he stands before the assembly for judgment.”
[20:6] 48 tn Heb “until the death of the high priest who is in those days.”
[20:6] 49 tn Heb “may return and enter his city and his house, the city from which he escaped.”
[20:8] 51 map For the location of Jericho see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[20:9] 53 tn The Hebrew text reads simply “the cities.” The words “for refuge” are supplied for clarification.
[20:9] 54 tn Heb “and not die by the hand of.”
[20:9] 55 tn Heb “until he stands before the assembly.” The words “at least” are supplied for clarification.
[21:4] 56 tn Heb “came out for.”
[21:10] 57 tn Heb “and it belonged to the sons of Aaron, from the Kohathite clans, from the sons of Levi.”
[21:17] 58 tn The words “they assigned” are supplied for clarification (also in vv. 23, 25).
[21:25] 59 tn The name “Gath Rimmon” is problematic here, for it appears in the preceding list of Danite cities. The LXX reads “Iebatha”; 1 Chr 6:55 HT (6:70 ET) reads “Bileam.” Most modern translations retain the name “Gath Rimmon,” however.
[21:27] 60 tn The words “they assigned” and “the following cities” are supplied for clarification (also in v. 34).
[21:36] 61 tc 21:36-37 are accidentally omitted from a number of significant Hebrew
[21:41] 62 tn Heb “in the midst of the possession of the sons of Israel.”
[21:42] 63 tn Heb “these cities were city [by] city, and its grazing areas [were] around it; so [it was] for all these cities.”
[21:43] 64 tn Heb “which he had sworn to give to their fathers.”
[21:44] 66 tn Heb “gave them rest all around.”
[21:44] 67 tn Heb “according to all he swore to their fathers.”
[21:44] 68 tn Heb “not a man stood from before them from all their enemies.”
[21:45] 69 tn Heb “the house of Israel.” Cf. NCV “the Israelites”; TEV “the people of Israel”; CEV, NLT “Israel.”
[21:45] 70 tn Heb “not a word from all the good word which the
[2:25] 71 tn Grk “And behold.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic. The Greek word ἰδού (idou) at the beginning of this statement has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
[2:25] 72 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[2:25] 73 tn Grk “This man was righteous.” The Greek text begins a new sentence here, but this was changed to a relative clause in the translation to avoid redundancy.
[2:25] 74 tn Or “deliverance,” “consolation.”
[2:25] sn The restoration of Israel refers to Simeon’s hope that the Messiah would come and deliver the nation (Isa 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; 2 Bar 44:7).
[2:25] 75 sn Once again, by mentioning the Holy Spirit, Luke stresses the prophetic enablement of a speaker. The Spirit has fallen on both men (Zechariah, 1:67) and women (Elizabeth, 1:41) in Luke 1–2 as they share the will of the Lord.
[2:26] 76 tn Grk “And it.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:26] 77 tn The use of the passive suggests a revelation by God, and in the OT the corresponding Hebrew term represented here by κεχρηματισμένον (kecrhmatismenon) indicated some form of direct revelation from God (Jer 25:30; 33:2; Job 40:8).
[2:26] 78 tn Grk “would not see death” (an idiom for dying).
[2:26] 79 tn On the grammar of this temporal clause, see BDF §§383.3; 395.
[2:26] 80 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[2:26] sn The revelation to Simeon that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Christ is yet another example of a promise fulfilled in Luke 1-2. Also, see the note on Christ in 2:11.
[2:27] 81 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the consequential nature of the action.
[2:27] 82 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Simeon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:27] 83 tn Grk “So in the Spirit” or “So by the Spirit,” but since it refers to the Spirit’s direction the expanded translation “directed by the Spirit” is used here.
[2:27] 84 tn Grk “the temple.”
[2:27] sn The temple courts is a reference to the larger temple area, not the holy place. Simeon was either in the court of the Gentiles or the court of women, since Mary was present.
[2:27] 85 tn Grk “to do for him according to the custom of the law.” See Luke 2:22-24.
[2:28] 86 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Simeon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:28] 87 tn Grk “and said.” The finite verb in Greek has been replaced with a participle in English to improve the smoothness of the translation.
[2:29] 88 sn The phrase according to your word again emphasizes that God will perform his promise.
[2:29] 89 tn The Greek word translated here by “Sovereign Lord” is δεσπότης (despoth").
[2:29] 90 sn This short prophetic declaration is sometimes called the Nunc dimittis, which comes from the opening phrase of the saying in Latin, “now dismiss,” a fairly literal translation of the Greek verb ἀπολύεις (apolueis, “now release”) in this verse.
[2:29] 91 tn Here the Greek word δοῦλος (doulos, “slave”) has been translated “servant” since it acts almost as an honorific term for one specially chosen and appointed to carry out the Lord’s tasks.
[2:29] sn Undoubtedly the background for the concept of being the Lord’s slave or servant is to be found in the Old Testament scriptures. For a Jew this concept did not connote drudgery, but honor and privilege. It was used of national Israel at times (Isa 43:10), but was especially associated with famous OT personalities, including such great men as Moses (Josh 14:7), David (Ps 89:3; cf. 2 Sam 7:5, 8) and Elijah (2 Kgs 10:10); all these men were “servants (or slaves) of the Lord.”
[2:29] 92 tn Grk “now release your servant.”
[2:30] 93 sn To see Jesus, the Messiah, is to see God’s salvation.
[2:31] 94 sn Is the phrase all peoples a reference to Israel alone, or to both Israel and the Gentiles? The following verse makes it clear that all peoples includes Gentiles, another key Lukan emphasis (Luke 24:47; Acts 10:34-43).
[2:32] 95 tn The syntax of this verse is disputed. Most read “light” and “glory” in parallelism, so Jesus is a light for revelation to the Gentiles and is glory to the people for Israel. Others see “light” (1:78-79) as a summary, while “revelation” and “glory” are parallel, so Jesus is light for all, but is revelation for the Gentiles and glory for Israel. Both readings make good sense and either could be correct, but Luke 1:78-79 and Acts 26:22-23 slightly favor this second option.
[2:32] 96 sn In other words, Jesus is a special cause for praise and honor (“glory”) for the nation.
[2:33] 97 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the consequential nature of the action.
[2:33] 98 tn Grk “his”; the referent (the child) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:33] 99 tc Most
[2:33] 100 tn The term refers to the amazement at what was happening as in other places in Luke 1–2 (1:63; 2:18). The participle is plural, while the finite verb used in the periphrastic construction is singular, perhaps to show a unity in the parents’ response (BDF §135.1.d: Luke 8:19).
[2:34] 101 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[2:34] 103 tn Grk “this one”; the referent (the child) is supplied in the translation for clarity.
[2:34] 104 sn The phrase the falling and rising of many emphasizes that Jesus will bring division in the nation, as some will be judged (falling) and others blessed (rising) because of how they respond to him. The language is like Isa 8:14-15 and conceptually like Isa 28:13-16. Here is the first hint that Jesus’ coming will be accompanied with some difficulties.
[2:34] 105 tn Grk “and for a sign of contradiction.”
[2:35] 106 tn Or “reasonings” (in a hostile sense). See G. Schrenk, TDNT 2:97.
[2:35] 107 sn The remark the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed shows that how people respond to Jesus indicates where their hearts really are before God.
[2:35] 108 sn A sword refers to a very large, broad two-edged sword. The language is figurative, picturing great pain. Though it refers in part to the cross, it really includes the pain all of Jesus’ ministry will cause, including the next event in Luke 2:41-52 and extending to the opposition he faced throughout his ministry.
[2:35] 109 sn This remark looks to be parenthetical and addressed to Mary alone, not the nation. Many modern English translations transpose this to make it the final clause in Simeon’s utterance as above to make this clear.
[2:36] 110 tn Her age is emphasized by the Greek phrase here, “she was very old in her many days.”
[2:37] 111 tn Grk “living with her husband for seven years from her virginity and she was a widow for eighty four years.” The chronology of the eighty-four years is unclear, since the final phrase could mean “she was widowed until the age of eighty-four” (so BDAG 423 s.v. ἕως 1.b.α). However, the more natural way to take the syntax is as a reference to the length of her widowhood, the subject of the clause, in which case Anna was about 105 years old (so D. L. Bock, Luke [BECNT], 1:251-52; I. H. Marshall, Luke, [NIGTC], 123-24).
[2:37] 112 sn The statements about Anna worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day make her extreme piety clear.
[2:38] 113 tn Grk “at that very hour.”
[2:38] 114 tn Grk “And coming up.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. The participle ἐπιστᾶσα (epistasa) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[2:38] 115 tn The imperfect ἐλάλει (elalei) here looks at a process of declaration, not a single moment. She clearly was led by God to address men and women about the hope Jesus was. The testimony of Luke 1—2 to Jesus has involved all types of people.
[2:38] 116 tn Grk “him”; the referent (the child) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:38] 117 tc A few
[2:38] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[2:39] 118 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the conclusion of the topic.
[2:39] 119 tn Grk “when they”; the referents (Joseph and Mary) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:39] 121 sn On the phrase the law of the Lord see Luke 2:22-23.
[2:39] 123 map For location see Map1 D3; Map2 C2; Map3 D5; Map4 C1; Map5 G3.
[2:40] 124 tc Most
[2:40] 125 sn With the description grew and became strong, filled with wisdom Luke emphasizes the humanity of Jesus and his growth toward maturity.
[2:40] 127 sn On the phrase the favor of God see Luke 1:66.
[2:41] 128 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[2:41] 129 tn Grk “his”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:41] 130 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[2:41] 131 tn On the distributive use of the term κατά (kata), see BDF §305.
[2:41] 132 sn The custom of Jesus and his family going to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover shows their piety in obeying the law (Exod 23:14-17).
[2:42] 133 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:42] 134 sn According to the Mishnah, the age of twelve years old is one year before a boy becomes responsible for his religious commitments (m. Niddah 5.6).
[2:42] 135 tc Most
[2:43] 136 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated contrastively in keeping with the context. This outcome is different from what had happened all the times before.
[2:43] 137 tn Grk “when the days ended.”
[2:43] 138 tn The word “home” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied for clarity.
[2:43] 139 tn Grk “And his.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:43] 140 tc Most
[2:44] 141 sn An ancient journey like this would have involved a caravan of people who traveled together as a group for protection and fellowship.
[2:44] 142 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[2:44] 143 tn Or “and friends.” See L&N 28.30 and 34.17.
[2:45] 144 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:45] 145 sn The return to Jerusalem would have taken a second day, since they were already one day’s journey away.
[2:46] 146 tn Grk “And it happened that after.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:46] 147 sn Three days means there was one day out, another day back, and a third day of looking in Jerusalem.
[2:46] 148 tn Grk “the temple.”
[2:46] 149 tn This is the only place in Luke’s Gospel where the term διδάσκαλος (didaskalo", “teacher”) is applied to Jews.
[2:47] 150 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:47] 151 sn There was wonder (all who heard…were astonished) that Jesus at such a young age could engage in such a discussion. The fact that this story is told of a preteen hints that Jesus was someone special.
[2:48] 152 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:48] 153 tn Grk “when they”; the referent (his parents) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[2:48] 154 tn Grk “And his.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:48] 155 tn The Greek word here is τέκνον (teknon) rather than υἱός (Juios, “son”).
[2:48] 156 tn Or “Child, why did you do this to us?”
[2:48] 157 tn Or “your father and I have been terribly worried looking for you.”
[2:49] 158 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.
[2:49] 159 tn Grk “he said to them.”
[2:49] 160 tn Grk “Why is it that you were looking for me?”
[2:49] 161 tn Or “I must be about my Father’s business” (so KJV, NKJV); Grk “in the [things] of my Father,” with an ellipsis. This verse involves an idiom that probably refers to the necessity of Jesus being involved in the instruction about God, given what he is doing. The most widely held view today takes this as a reference to the temple as the Father’s house. Jesus is saying that his parents should have known where he was.
[2:50] 162 tn Grk “And they.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast.
[2:50] 163 tn Grk “they”; the referent (his parents) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:50] 164 sn This was the first of many times those around Jesus did not understand what he was saying at the time (9:45; 10:21-24; 18:34).
[2:50] 165 tn Or “the matter.”
[2:50] 166 tn Grk “which he spoke.”
[2:51] 167 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[2:51] 168 map For location see Map1 D3; Map2 C2; Map3 D5; Map4 C1; Map5 G3.
[2:51] 169 tn Or “was submitting.”
[2:51] 170 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.
[2:51] 171 tn Or “all these words.”
[2:51] 172 sn On the phrase his mother kept all these things in her heart compare Luke 2:19.
[2:52] 173 tn Or “kept increasing.” The imperfect tense suggests something of a progressive force to the verb.
