Yesaya 61:2

61:2 to announce the year when the Lord will show his favor,

the day when our God will seek vengeance, ¹ 

to console all who mourn,

Daniel 9:26-27

9:26 Now after the sixty-two weeks,

an anointed one will be cut off and have nothing. ² 

As for the city and the sanctuary,

the people of the coming prince will destroy ³  them.

But his end will come speedily ⁴  like a flood. ⁵ 

Until the end of the war that has been decreed

there will be destruction.

9:27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. ⁶ 

But in the middle of that week

he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt.

On the wing ⁷  of abominations will come ⁸  one who destroys,

until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”

Zakharia 11:6

11:6 Indeed, I will no longer have compassion on the people of the land,” says the Lord, “but instead I will turn every last person over to his neighbor and his king. They will devastate the land, and I will not deliver it from them.”

Zakharia 13:8

13:8 It will happen in all the land, says the Lord,

that two-thirds of the people ⁹  in it will be cut off and die,

but one-third will be left in it. ¹⁰ 

Zakharia 14:2

14:2 For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem ¹¹  to wage war; the city will be taken, its houses plundered, and the women raped. Then half of the city will go into exile, but the remainder of the people will not be taken away. ¹² 

Matius 22:7

22:7 The ¹³  king was furious! He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death ¹⁴  and set their city ¹⁵  on fire.

Matius 23:35-38

23:35 so that on you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, ¹⁶  whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 23:36 I tell you the truth, ¹⁷  this generation will be held responsible for all these things! ¹⁸ 

Judgment on Israel

23:37 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, ¹⁹  you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you! ²⁰  How often I have longed ²¹  to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but ²²  you would have none of it! ²³  23:38 Look, your house is left to you desolate!

Matius 24:27-30

24:27 For just like the lightning ²⁴  comes from the east and flashes to the west, so the coming of the Son of Man will be. 24:28 Wherever the corpse is, there the vultures ²⁵  will gather. ²⁶ 

The Arrival of the Son of Man

24:29 “Immediately ²⁷  after the suffering ²⁸  of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven will be shaken. ²⁹  24:30 Then ³⁰  the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, ³¹  and ³²  all the tribes of the earth will mourn. They ³³  will see the Son of Man arriving on the clouds of heaven ³⁴  with power and great glory.

Markus 13:14-26

The Abomination of Desolation

13:14 “But when you see the abomination of desolation ³⁵  standing where it should not be (let the reader understand), then those in Judea must flee ³⁶  to the mountains. 13:15 The one on the roof ³⁷  must not come down or go inside to take anything out of his house. ³⁸  13:16 The one in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. 13:17 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! 13:18 Pray that it may not be in winter. 13:19 For in those days there will be suffering ³⁹  unlike anything that has happened ⁴⁰  from the beginning of the creation that God created until now, or ever will happen. 13:20 And if the Lord had not cut short those days, no one would be saved. But because of the elect, whom he chose, he has cut them ⁴¹  short. 13:21 Then ⁴²  if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ ⁴³  or ‘Look, there he is!’ do not believe him. 13:22 For false messiahs ⁴⁴  and false prophets will appear and perform signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, the elect. 13:23 Be careful! I have told you everything ahead of time.

The Arrival of the Son of Man

13:24 “But in those days, after that suffering, ⁴⁵  the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light; 13:25 the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. ⁴⁶  13:26 Then everyone ⁴⁷  will see the Son of Man arriving in the clouds ⁴⁸  with great power and glory.

Lukas 19:41-44

Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem under Judgment

19:41 Now ⁴⁹  when Jesus ⁵⁰  approached ⁵¹  and saw the city, he wept over it, 19:42 saying, “If you had only known on this day, ⁵²  even you, the things that make for peace! ⁵³  But now they are hidden ⁵⁴  from your eyes. 19:43 For the days will come upon you when your enemies will build ⁵⁵  an embankment ⁵⁶  against you and surround you and close in on you from every side. 19:44 They will demolish you ⁵⁷  – you and your children within your walls ⁵⁸  – and they will not leave within you one stone ⁵⁹  on top of another, ⁶⁰  because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.” ⁶¹ 

Lukas 21:22-27

21:22 because these are days of vengeance, ⁶²  to fulfill ⁶³  all that is written. 21:23 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! For there will be great distress ⁶⁴  on the earth and wrath against this people. 21:24 They ⁶⁵  will fall by the edge ⁶⁶  of the sword and be led away as captives ⁶⁷  among all nations. Jerusalem ⁶⁸  will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. ⁶⁹ 

The Arrival of the Son of Man

21:25 “And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, ⁷⁰  and on the earth nations will be in distress, ⁷¹  anxious ⁷²  over the roaring of the sea and the surging waves. 21:26 People will be fainting from fear ⁷³  and from the expectation of what is coming on the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. ⁷⁴  21:27 Then ⁷⁵  they will see the Son of Man arriving in a cloud ⁷⁶  with power and great glory.

[61:2]  ¹ tn Heb “to announce the year of the Lord’s favor, and the day of our God’s vengeance.

[9:26]  ² sn The expression have nothing is difficult. Presumably it refers to an absence of support or assistance for the anointed one at the time of his “cutting off.” The KJV rendering “but not for himself,” apparently suggesting a vicarious death, cannot be defended.

[9:26]  ³ tc Some witnesses (e.g., the Syriac) understand a passive verb and the preposition עִם (’im, “with) rather than the noun עַם (’am, “people”), thus reading “the city and the sanctuary will be destroyed with the coming prince.”

[9:26]  ⁴ tn The words “will come speedily” are not in the Hebrew text but have been added in the translation for clarity.

[9:26]  ⁵ sn Flood here is a metaphor for sudden destruction.

[9:27]  ⁶ tn Heb “one seven” (also later in this line).

[9:27]  ⁷ tn The referent of the Hebrew word כְּנַף (kÿnaf, “wing”) is unclear here. The LXX and Theodotion have “the temple.” Some English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV) take this to mean “a wing of the temple,” but this is not clear.

[9:27]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew text does not have this verb, but it has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[13:8]  ⁹ tn The words “of the people” are supplied in the translation for clarity (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT).

[13:8]  ¹⁰ sn The fractions mentioned here call to mind the affliction of God’s people described by Ezekiel, though Ezekiel referred to his own times whereas Zechariah is looking forward to a future eschatological age. Ezekiel spoke of cutting his hair at God’s command (Ezek 5:1-4) and then of burning a third of it, striking a third with a sword, and scattering the rest. From this last third a few hairs would survive to become the nucleus of a new Israel. It is this “third” Zechariah speaks of (v. 9), the remnant who will be purified and reclaimed as God’s covenant people.

[14:2]  ¹¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[14:2]  ¹² tn Heb “not be cut off from the city” (so NRSV); NAB “not be removed.”

[22:7]  ¹³ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[22:7]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “he sent his soldiers, destroyed those murderers.” The verb ἀπώλεσεν (apwlesen) is causative, indicating that the king was the one behind the execution of the murderers. In English the causative idea is not expressed naturally here; either a purpose clause (“he sent his soldiers to put those murderers to death”) or a relative clause (“he sent his soldier who put those murderers to death”) is preferred.

[22:7]  ¹⁵ tn The Greek text reads here πόλις (polis), which could be translated “town” or “city.” The prophetic reference is to the city of Jerusalem, so “city” is more appropriate here.

[23:35]  ¹⁶ sn Spelling of this name (Βαραχίου, Baraciou) varies among the English versions: “Barachiah” (RSV, NRSV); “Berechiah” (NASB); “Berachiah” (NIV).

[23:36]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[23:36]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “all these things will come on this generation.”

[23:37]  ¹⁹ sn The double use of the city’s name betrays intense emotion.

[23:37]  map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[23:37]  ²⁰ tn Although the opening address (“Jerusalem, Jerusalem”) is direct (second person), the remainder of this sentence in the Greek text is third person (“who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her”). The following sentences then revert to second person (“your… you”), so to keep all this consistent in English, the third person pronouns in the present verse were translated as second person (“you who kill… sent to you”).

[23:37]  ²¹ sn How often I have longed to gather your children. Jesus, like a lamenting prophet, speaks for God here, who longed to care tenderly for Israel and protect her.

[23:37]  ²² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[23:37]  ²³ tn Grk “you were not willing.”

[24:27]  ²⁴ sn The Son of Man’s coming in power will be sudden and obvious like lightning. No one will need to point it out.

[24:28]  ²⁵ tn The same Greek term can refer to “eagles” or “vultures” (L&N 4.42; BDAG 22 s.v. ἀετός), but in this context it must mean vultures because the gruesome image is one of dead bodies being consumed by scavengers.

[24:28]  sn Jesus’ answer is that when the judgment comes, the scenes of death will be obvious and so will the location of the judgment. See also Luke 17:37.

[24:28]  ²⁶ tn Grk “will be gathered.” The passive construction has been translated as an active one in English.

[24:29]  ²⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:29]  ²⁸ tn Traditionally, “tribulation.”

[24:29]  ²⁹ sn An allusion to Isa 13:10, 34:4 (LXX); Joel 2:10. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.

[24:30]  ³⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[24:30]  ³¹ tn Or “in the sky”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context.

[24:30]  ³² tn Here τότε (tote, “then”) has not been translated to avoid redundancy in English.

[24:30]  ³³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[24:30]  ³⁴ sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full authority to judge.

[13:14]  ³⁵ sn The reference to the abomination of desolation is an allusion to Dan 9:27. Though some have seen the fulfillment of Daniel’s prophecy in the actions of Antiochus IV (or a representative of his) in 167 b.c., the words of Jesus seem to indicate that Antiochus was not the final fulfillment, but that there was (from Jesus’ perspective) still another fulfillment yet to come. Some argue that this was realized in a.d. 70, while others claim that it refers specifically to Antichrist and will not be fully realized until the period of the great tribulation at the end of the age (cf. Mark 13:19, 24; Matt 24:21; Rev 3:10).

[13:14]  ³⁶ sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.

[13:15]  ³⁷ sn Most of the roofs in the NT were flat roofs made of pounded dirt, sometimes mixed with lime or stones, supported by heavy wooden beams. They generally had an easy means of access, either a sturdy wooden ladder or stone stairway, sometimes on the outside of the house.

[13:15]  ³⁸ sn The nature of the judgment coming upon them will be so quick and devastating that one will not have time to come down or go inside to take anything out of his house. It is best just to escape as quickly as possible.

[13:19]  ³⁹ tn Traditionally, “tribulation.”

[13:19]  ⁴⁰ sn Suffering unlike anything that has happened. Some refer this event to the destruction of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. While the events of a.d. 70 may reflect somewhat the comments Jesus makes here, the reference to the scope and severity of this judgment strongly suggest that much more is in view. Most likely Jesus is referring to the great end-time judgment on Jerusalem in the great tribulation.

[13:20]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “the days.”

[13:21]  ⁴² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[13:21]  ⁴³ tn Or “the Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[13:21]  sn See the note on Christ in 8:29.

[13:22]  ⁴⁴ tn Or “false christs”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[13:24]  ⁴⁵ tn Traditionally, “tribulation.”

[13:25]  ⁴⁶ sn An allusion to Isa 13:10, 34:4 (LXX); Joel 2:10. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.

[13:26]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “they.”

[13:26]  ⁴⁸ sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full judging authority.

[19:41]  ⁴⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[19:41]  ⁵⁰ tn Grk “he.”

[19:41]  ⁵¹ sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.

[19:42]  ⁵² sn On this day. They had missed the time of Messiah’s coming; see v. 44.

[19:42]  ⁵³ tn Grk “the things toward peace.” This expression seems to mean “the things that would ‘lead to,’ ‘bring about,’ or ‘make for’ peace.”

[19:42]  ⁵⁴ sn But now they are hidden from your eyes. This becomes an oracle of doom in the classic OT sense; see Luke 13:31-35; 11:49-51; Jer 9:2; 13:7; 14:7. They are now blind and under judgment (Jer 15:5; Ps 122:6).

[19:43]  ⁵⁵ sn Jesus now predicted the events that would be fulfilled in the fall of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. The details of the siege have led some to see Luke writing this after Jerusalem’s fall, but the language of the verse is like God’s exilic judgment for covenant unfaithfulness (Hab 2:8; Jer 6:6, 14; 8:13-22; 9:1; Ezek 4:2; 26:8; Isa 29:1-4). Specific details are lacking and the procedures described (build an embankment against you) were standard Roman military tactics.

[19:43]  ⁵⁶ sn An embankment refers to either wooden barricades or earthworks, or a combination of the two.

[19:44]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “They will raze you to the ground.”

[19:44]  sn The singular pronoun you refers to the city of Jerusalem personified.

[19:44]  ⁵⁸ tn Grk “your children within you.” The phrase “[your] walls” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the city of Jerusalem, metaphorically pictured as an individual, is spoken of here.

[19:44]  ⁵⁹ sn (Not) one stone on top of another is an idiom for total destruction.

[19:44]  ⁶⁰ tn Grk “leave stone on stone.”

[19:44]  ⁶¹ tn Grk “the time of your visitation.” To clarify what this refers to, the words “from God” are supplied at the end of the verse, although they do not occur in the Greek text.

[19:44]  sn You did not recognize the time of your visitation refers to the time God came to visit them. They had missed the Messiah; see Luke 1:68-79.

[21:22]  ⁶² tn Or “of punishment.” This is a time of judgment.

[21:22]  ⁶³ tn The passive construction with the infinitive πλησθῆναι (plhsqhnai) has been translated as an active construction for simplicity, in keeping with contemporary English style.

[21:23]  ⁶⁴ sn Great distress means that this is a period of great judgment.

[21:24]  ⁶⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:24]  ⁶⁶ tn Grk “by the mouth of the sword” (an idiom for the edge of a sword).

[21:24]  ⁶⁷ sn Here is the predicted judgment against the nation until the time of Gentile rule has passed: Its people will be led away as captives.

[21:24]  ⁶⁸ tn Grk “And Jerusalem.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:24]  ⁶⁹ sn Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled implies a time when Israel again has a central role in God’s plan.

[21:25]  ⁷⁰ sn Signs in the sun and moon and stars are cosmic signs that turn our attention to the end and the Son of Man’s return for the righteous. OT imagery is present: See Isa 13:9-10; 24:18-20; 34:4; Ezek 32:7-8; Joel 2:1, 30-31; 3:15.

[21:25]  ⁷¹ tn Grk “distress of nations.”

[21:25]  ⁷² tn Or “in consternation” (L&N 32.9).

[21:26]  ⁷³ tn According to L&N 23.184 this could be mainly a psychological experience rather than actual loss of consciousness. It could also refer to complete discouragement because of fear, leading people to give up hope (L&N 25.293).

[21:26]  ⁷⁴ sn An allusion to Isa 34:4. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.

[21:27]  ⁷⁵ tn Grk “And then” (καὶ τότε, kai tote). Here καί has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:27]  ⁷⁶ sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full judging authority.