2 Raja-raja 1:1--14:29
Konteks1:1 After Ahab died, Moab rebelled against Israel. 1 1:2 Ahaziah fell through a window lattice in his upper chamber in Samaria 2 and was injured. He sent messengers with these orders, 3 “Go, ask 4 Baal Zebub, 5 the god of Ekron, if I will survive this injury.”
1:3 But the Lord’s angelic messenger told Elijah the Tishbite, “Get up, go to meet the messengers from the king of Samaria. Say this to them: ‘You must think there is no God in Israel! That explains why you are on your way to seek an oracle from Baal Zebub the god of Ekron. 6 1:4 Therefore this is what the Lord says, “You will not leave the bed you lie on, for you will certainly die!”’” So Elijah went on his way.
1:5 When the messengers returned to the king, 7 he asked them, “Why have you returned?” 1:6 They replied, 8 “A man came up to meet us. He told us, “Go back to the king who sent you and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “You must think there is no God in Israel! That explains why you are sending for an oracle from Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron. 9 Therefore you will not leave the bed you lie on, for you will certainly die.”’” 1:7 The king 10 asked them, “Describe the appearance 11 of this man who came up to meet you and told you these things.” 1:8 They replied, 12 “He was a hairy man 13 and had a leather belt 14 tied around his waist.” The king 15 said, “He is Elijah the Tishbite.”
1:9 The king 16 sent a captain and his fifty soldiers 17 to retrieve Elijah. 18 The captain 19 went up to him, while he was sitting on the top of a hill. 20 He told him, “Prophet, 21 the king says, ‘Come down!’” 1:10 Elijah replied to the captain, 22 “If I am indeed a prophet, may fire come down from the sky and consume you and your fifty soldiers!” Fire then came down 23 from the sky and consumed him and his fifty soldiers.
1:11 The king 24 sent another captain and his fifty soldiers to retrieve Elijah. He went up and told him, 25 “Prophet, this is what the king says, ‘Come down at once!’” 26 1:12 Elijah replied to them, 27 “If I am indeed a prophet, may fire come down from the sky and consume you and your fifty soldiers!” Fire from God 28 came down from the sky and consumed him and his fifty soldiers.
1:13 The king 29 sent a third captain and his fifty soldiers. This third captain went up and fell 30 on his knees before Elijah. He begged for mercy, “Prophet, please have respect for my life and for the lives of these fifty servants of yours. 1:14 Indeed, 31 fire came down from the sky and consumed the two captains who came before me, along with their men. 32 So now, please have respect for my life.” 1:15 The Lord’s angelic messenger said to Elijah, “Go down with him. Don’t be afraid of him.” So he got up and went down 33 with him to the king.
1:16 Elijah 34 said to the king, 35 “This is what the Lord says, ‘You sent messengers to seek an oracle from Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron. You must think there is no God in Israel from whom you can seek an oracle! 36 Therefore you will not leave the bed you lie on, for you will certainly die.’” 37
1:17 He died just as the Lord had prophesied through Elijah. 38 In the second year of the reign of King Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat over Judah, Ahaziah’s brother Jehoram replaced him as king of Israel, because he had no son. 39 1:18 The rest of the events of Ahaziah’s reign, including his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 40
2:1 Just before 41 the Lord took Elijah up to heaven in a windstorm, Elijah and Elisha were traveling from Gilgal. 2:2 Elijah told Elisha, “Stay here, for the Lord has sent me to Bethel.” 42 But Elisha said, “As certainly as the Lord lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” So they went down to Bethel. 2:3 Some members of the prophetic guild 43 in Bethel came out to Elisha and said, “Do you know that today the Lord is going to take your master from you?” 44 He answered, “Yes, I know. Be quiet.”
2:4 Elijah said to him, “Elisha, stay here, for the Lord has sent me to Jericho.” 45 But he replied, “As certainly as the Lord lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” So they went to Jericho. 2:5 Some members of the prophetic guild in Jericho approached Elisha and said, “Do you know that today the Lord is going to take your master from you?” He answered, “Yes, I know. Be quiet.”
2:6 Elijah said to him, “Stay here, for the Lord has sent me to the Jordan.” But he replied, “As certainly as the Lord lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” So they traveled on together. 2:7 The fifty members of the prophetic guild went and stood opposite them at a distance, while Elijah and Elisha 46 stood by the Jordan. 2:8 Elijah took his cloak, folded it up, and hit the water with it. The water divided, and the two of them crossed over on dry ground.
2:9 When they had crossed over, Elijah said to Elisha, “What can I do for you, 47 before I am taken away from you?” Elisha answered, “May I receive a double portion of the prophetic spirit that energizes you.” 48 2:10 Elijah 49 replied, “That’s a difficult request! 50 If you see me taken from you, may it be so, but if you don’t, it will not happen.”
2:11 As they were walking along and talking, suddenly a fiery chariot 51 pulled by fiery horses appeared. 52 They went between Elijah and Elisha, 53 and Elijah went up to heaven in a windstorm. 2:12 While Elisha was watching, he was crying out, “My father, my father! The chariot and horsemen of Israel!” 54 Then he could no longer see him. He grabbed his clothes and tore them in two. 2:13 He picked up Elijah’s cloak, which had fallen off him, and went back and stood on the shore of the Jordan. 2:14 He took the cloak that had fallen off Elijah, 55 hit the water with it, and said, “Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?” When he hit the water, it divided and Elisha crossed over.
2:15 When the members of the prophetic guild in Jericho, 56 who were standing at a distance, 57 saw him do this, they said, “The spirit that energized Elijah 58 rests upon Elisha.” They went to meet him and bowed down to the ground before him. 2:16 They said to him, “Look, there are fifty capable men with your servants. Let them go and look for your master, for the wind sent from the Lord 59 may have carried him away and dropped him on one of the hills or in one of the valleys.” But Elisha 60 replied, “Don’t send them out.” 2:17 But they were so insistent, he became embarrassed. So he said, “Send them out.” They sent the fifty men out and they looked for three days, but could not find Elijah. 61 2:18 When they came back, Elisha 62 was staying in Jericho. He said to them, “Didn’t I tell you, ‘Don’t go’?”
2:19 The men of the city said to Elisha, “Look, the city has a good location, as our 63 master can see. But the water is bad and the land doesn’t produce crops.” 64 2:20 Elisha 65 said, “Get me a new jar and put some salt in it.” So they got it. 2:21 He went out to the spring and threw the salt in. Then he said, “This is what the Lord says, ‘I have purified 66 this water. It will no longer cause death or fail to produce crops.” 67 2:22 The water has been pure to this very day, just as Elisha prophesied. 68
2:23 He went up from there to Bethel. 69 As he was traveling up the road, some young boys 70 came out of the city and made fun of him, saying, “Go on up, baldy! Go on up, baldy!” 2:24 When he turned around and saw them, he called God’s judgment down on them. 71 Two female bears came out of the woods and ripped forty-two of the boys to pieces. 2:25 From there he traveled to Mount Carmel and then back to Samaria. 72
3:1 In the eighteenth year of King Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah, Ahab’s son Jehoram became king over Israel in Samaria; 73 he ruled for twelve years. 3:2 He did evil in the sight of 74 the Lord, but not to the same degree as his father and mother. He did remove the sacred pillar of Baal that his father had made. 3:3 Yet he persisted in 75 the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who encouraged Israel to sin; he did not turn from them. 76
3:4 Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. 77 He would send as tribute 78 to the king of Israel 100,000 male lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. 3:5 When Ahab died, the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel. 3:6 At that time King Jehoram left Samaria and assembled all Israel for war. 3:7 He sent 79 this message to King Jehoshaphat of Judah: “The king of Moab has rebelled against me. Will you fight with me against Moab?” Jehoshaphat 80 replied, “I will join you in the campaign; my army and horses are at your disposal.” 81 3:8 He then asked, “Which invasion route are we going to take?” 82 Jehoram 83 answered, “By the road through the Desert of Edom.” 3:9 So the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom 84 set out together. They wandered around on the road for seven days and finally ran out of water for the men and animals they had with them. 3:10 The king of Israel said, “Oh no! 85 Certainly the Lord has summoned these three kings so that he can hand them over to the king of Moab!” 3:11 Jehoshaphat asked, “Is there no prophet of the Lord here that we might seek the Lord’s direction?” 86 One of the servants of the king of Israel answered, “Elisha son of Shapat is here; he used to be Elijah’s servant.” 87 3:12 Jehoshaphat said, “The Lord speaks through him.” 88 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to visit him.
3:13 Elisha said to the king of Israel, “Why are you here? 89 Go to your father’s prophets or your mother’s prophets!” The king of Israel replied to him, “No, for the Lord is the one who summoned these three kings so that he can hand them over to Moab.” 3:14 Elisha said, “As certainly as the Lord who rules over all 90 lives (whom I serve), 91 if I did not respect King Jehoshaphat of Judah, 92 I would not pay attention to you or acknowledge you. 93 3:15 But now, get me a musician.” 94 When the musician played, the Lord energized him, 95 3:16 and he said, “This is what the Lord says, ‘Make many cisterns in this valley,’ 96 3:17 for this is what the Lord says, ‘You will not feel 97 any wind or see any rain, but this valley will be full of water and you and your cattle and animals will drink.’ 3:18 This is an easy task for the Lord; 98 he will also hand Moab over to you. 3:19 You will defeat every fortified city and every important 99 city. You must chop down 100 every productive 101 tree, stop up all the springs, and cover all the cultivated land with stones.” 102
3:20 Sure enough, the next morning, at the time of the morning sacrifice, water came flowing down from Edom and filled the land. 103 3:21 Now all Moab had heard that the kings were attacking, 104 so everyone old enough to fight was mustered and placed at the border. 105 3:22 When they got up early the next morning, the sun was shining on the water. To the Moabites, who were some distance away, the water looked red like blood. 3:23 The Moabites 106 said, “It’s blood! The kings are totally destroyed! 107 They have struck one another down! Now, Moab, seize the plunder!” 3:24 When they approached the Israelite camp, the Israelites rose up and struck down the Moabites, who then ran from them. The Israelites 108 thoroughly defeated 109 Moab. 3:25 They tore down the cities and each man threw a stone into every cultivated field until they were covered. 110 They stopped up every spring and chopped down every productive tree.
Only Kir Hareseth was left intact, 111 but the slingers surrounded it and attacked it. 3:26 When the king of Moab realized he was losing the battle, 112 he and 700 swordsmen tried to break through and attack 113 the king of Edom, but they failed. 3:27 So he took his firstborn son, who was to succeed him as king, and offered him up as a burnt sacrifice on the wall. There was an outburst of divine anger against Israel, 114 so they broke off the attack 115 and returned to their homeland.
4:1 Now a wife of one of the prophets 116 appealed 117 to Elisha for help, saying, “Your servant, my husband is dead. You know that your servant was a loyal follower of the Lord. 118 Now the creditor is coming to take away my two boys to be his servants.” 4:2 Elisha said to her, “What can I do for you? Tell me, what do you have in the house?” She answered, “Your servant has nothing in the house except a small jar of olive oil.” 4:3 He said, “Go and ask all your neighbors for empty containers. 119 Get as many as you can. 120 4:4 Go and close the door behind you and your sons. Pour the olive oil into all the containers; 121 set aside each one when you have filled it.” 4:5 So she left him and closed the door behind her and her sons. As they were bringing the containers to her, she was pouring the olive oil. 4:6 When the containers were full, she said to one of her sons, 122 “Bring me another container.” But he answered her, “There are no more.” Then the olive oil stopped flowing. 4:7 She went and told the prophet. 123 He said, “Go, sell the olive oil. Repay your creditor, and then you and your sons can live off the rest of the profit.”
4:8 One day Elisha traveled to Shunem, where a prominent 124 woman lived. She insisted that he stop for a meal. 125 So whenever he was passing through, he would stop in there for a meal. 126 4:9 She said to her husband, “Look, I’m sure 127 that the man who regularly passes through here is a very special prophet. 128 4:10 Let’s make a small private upper room 129 and furnish it with 130 a bed, table, chair, and lamp. When he visits us, he can stay there.”
4:11 One day Elisha 131 came for a visit; he went 132 into the upper room and rested. 133 4:12 He told his servant Gehazi, “Ask the Shunammite woman to come here.” 134 So he did so and she came to him. 135 4:13 Elisha said to Gehazi, 136 “Tell her, ‘Look, you have treated us with such great respect. 137 What can I do for you? Can I put in a good word for you with the king or the commander of the army?’” She replied, “I’m quite secure.” 138 4:14 So he asked Gehazi, 139 “What can I do for her?” Gehazi replied, “She has no son, and her husband is old.” 4:15 Elisha told him, “Ask her to come here.” 140 So he did so 141 and she came and stood in the doorway. 142 4:16 He said, “About this time next year 143 you will be holding a son.” She said, “No, my master! O prophet, do not lie to your servant!” 4:17 The woman did conceive, and at the specified time the next year she gave birth to a son, just as Elisha had told her.
4:18 The boy grew and one day he went out to see his father who was with the harvest workers. 144 4:19 He said to his father, “My head! My head!” His father 145 told a servant, “Carry him to his mother.” 4:20 So he picked him up and took him to his mother. He sat on her lap 146 until noon and then died. 4:21 She went up and laid him down on the prophet’s 147 bed. She shut the door behind her and left. 4:22 She called to her husband, “Send me one of the servants and one of the donkeys, so I can go see the prophet quickly and then return.” 4:23 He said, “Why do you want to go see him today? It is not the new moon 148 or the Sabbath.” She said, “Everything’s fine.” 149 4:24 She saddled the donkey and told her servant, “Lead on. 150 Do not stop unless I say so.” 151
4:25 So she went to visit 152 the prophet at Mount Carmel. When he 153 saw her at a distance, he said to his servant Gehazi, “Look, it’s the Shunammite woman. 4:26 Now, run to meet her and ask her, ‘Are you well? Are your husband and the boy well?’” She told Gehazi, 154 “Everything’s fine.” 4:27 But when she reached the prophet on the mountain, she grabbed hold of his feet. Gehazi came near to push her away, but the prophet said, “Leave her alone, for she is very upset. 155 The Lord has kept the matter hidden from me; he didn’t tell me about it.” 4:28 She said, “Did I ask my master for a son? Didn’t I say, ‘Don’t mislead me?’” 4:29 Elisha 156 told Gehazi, “Tuck your robes into your belt, take my staff, 157 and go! Don’t stop to exchange greetings with anyone! 158 Place my staff on the child’s face.” 4:30 The mother of the child said, “As certainly as the Lord lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” So Elisha 159 got up and followed her back.
4:31 Now Gehazi went on ahead of them. He placed the staff on the child’s face, but there was no sound or response. When he came back to Elisha 160 he told him, “The child did not wake up.” 4:32 When Elisha arrived at the house, there was 161 the child lying dead on his bed. 4:33 He went in by himself and closed the door. 162 Then he prayed to the Lord. 4:34 He got up on the bed and spread his body out over 163 the boy; he put his mouth on the boy’s 164 mouth, his eyes over the boy’s eyes, and the palms of his hands against the boy’s palms. He bent down over him, and the boy’s skin 165 grew warm. 4:35 Elisha 166 went back and walked around in the house. 167 Then he got up on the bed again 168 and bent down over him. The child sneezed seven times and opened his eyes. 4:36 Elisha 169 called to Gehazi and said, “Get the Shunammite woman.” So he did so 170 and she came to him. He said to her, “Take your son.” 4:37 She came in, fell at his feet, and bowed down. Then she picked up her son and left.
4:38 Now Elisha went back to Gilgal, while there was famine in the land. Some of the prophets were visiting him 171 and he told his servant, “Put the big pot on the fire 172 and boil some stew for the prophets.” 173 4:39 Someone went out to the field to gather some herbs and found a wild vine. 174 He picked some of its fruit, 175 enough to fill up the fold of his robe. He came back, cut it up, and threw the slices 176 into the stew pot, not knowing they were harmful. 177 4:40 The stew was poured out 178 for the men to eat. When they ate some of the stew, they cried out, “Death is in the pot, O prophet!” They could not eat it. 4:41 He said, “Get some flour.” Then he threw it into the pot and said, “Now pour some out for the men so they may eat.” 179 There was no longer anything harmful in the pot.
4:42 Now a man from Baal Shalisha brought some food for the prophet 180 – twenty loaves of bread made from the firstfruits of the barley harvest, as well as fresh ears of grain. 181 Elisha 182 said, “Set it before the people so they may eat.” 4:43 But his attendant said, “How can I feed a hundred men with this?” 183 He replied, “Set it before the people so they may eat, for this is what the Lord says, ‘They will eat and have some left over.’” 184 4:44 So he set it before them; they ate and had some left over, just as the Lord predicted. 185
5:1 Now Naaman, the commander of the king of Syria’s army, was esteemed and respected by his master, 186 for through him the Lord had given Syria military victories. But this great warrior had a skin disease. 187 5:2 Raiding parties went out from Syria and took captive from the land of Israel a young girl, who became a servant to Naaman’s wife. 5:3 She told her mistress, “If only my master were in the presence of the prophet who is in Samaria! 188 Then he would cure him of his skin disease.”
5:4 Naaman 189 went and told his master what the girl from the land of Israel had said. 5:5 The king of Syria said, “Go! I will send a letter to the king of Israel.” So Naaman 190 went, taking with him ten talents 191 of silver, six thousand shekels of gold, 192 and ten suits of clothes. 5:6 He brought the letter to king of Israel. It read: “This is a letter of introduction for my servant Naaman, 193 whom I have sent to be cured of his skin disease.” 5:7 When the king of Israel read the letter, he tore his clothes and said, “Am I God? Can I kill or restore life? Why does he ask me to cure a man of his skin disease? 194 Certainly you must see that he is looking for an excuse to fight me!” 195
5:8 When Elisha the prophet 196 heard that the king had torn his clothes, he sent this message to the king, “Why did you tear your clothes? Send him 197 to me so he may know there is a prophet in Israel.” 5:9 So Naaman came with his horses and chariots and stood in the doorway of Elisha’s house. 5:10 Elisha sent out a messenger who told him, “Go and wash seven times in the Jordan; your skin will be restored 198 and you will be healed.” 5:11 Naaman went away angry. He said, “Look, I thought for sure he would come out, stand there, invoke the name of the Lord his God, wave his hand over the area, and cure the skin disease. 5:12 The rivers of Damascus, the Abana and Pharpar, are better than any of the waters of Israel! 199 Could I not wash in them and be healed?” So he turned around and went away angry. 5:13 His servants approached and said to him, “O master, 200 if the prophet had told you to do some difficult task, 201 you would have been willing to do it. 202 It seems you should be happy that he simply said, “Wash and you will be healed.” 203 5:14 So he went down and dipped in the Jordan seven times, as the prophet had instructed. 204 His skin became as smooth as a young child’s 205 and he was healed.
5:15 He and his entire entourage returned to the prophet. Naaman 206 came and stood before him. He said, “For sure 207 I know that there is no God in all the earth except in Israel! Now, please accept a gift from your servant.” 5:16 But Elisha 208 replied, “As certainly as the Lord lives (whom I serve), 209 I will take nothing from you.” Naaman 210 insisted that he take it, but he refused. 5:17 Naaman said, “If not, then please give your servant a load of dirt, enough for a pair of mules to carry, 211 for your servant will never again offer a burnt offering or sacrifice to a god other than the Lord. 212 5:18 May the Lord forgive your servant for this one thing: When my master enters the temple of Rimmon to worship, and he leans on my arm and I bow down in the temple of Rimmon, may the Lord forgive your servant for this.” 213 5:19 Elisha 214 said to him, “Go in peace.”
When he had gone a short distance, 215 5:20 Gehazi, the prophet Elisha’s servant, thought, 216 “Look, my master did not accept what this Syrian Naaman offered him. 217 As certainly as the Lord lives, I will run after him and accept something from him.” 5:21 So Gehazi ran after Naaman. When Naaman saw someone running after him, he got down from his chariot to meet him and asked, “Is everything all right?” 218 5:22 He answered, “Everything is fine. 219 My master sent me with this message, ‘Look, two servants of the prophets just arrived from the Ephraimite hill country. 220 Please give them a talent 221 of silver and two suits of clothes.’” 5:23 Naaman said, “Please accept two talents of silver. 222 He insisted, and tied up two talents of silver in two bags, along with two suits of clothes. He gave them to two of his servants and they carried them for Gehazi. 223 5:24 When he arrived at the hill, he took them from the servants 224 and put them in the house. Then he sent the men on their way. 225
5:25 When he came and stood before his master, Elisha asked him, “Where have you been, Gehazi?” He answered, “Your servant hasn’t been anywhere.” 5:26 Elisha 226 replied, “I was there in spirit when a man turned and got down from his chariot to meet you. 227 This is not the proper time to accept silver or to accept clothes, olive groves, vineyards, sheep, cattle, and male and female servants. 228 5:27 Therefore Naaman’s skin disease will afflict 229 you and your descendants forever!” When Gehazi 230 went out from his presence, his skin was as white as snow. 231
6:1 Some of the prophets 232 said to Elisha, “Look, the place where we meet with you 233 is too cramped 234 for us. 6:2 Let’s go to the Jordan. Each of us will get a log from there and we will build a meeting place for ourselves there.” He said, “Go.” 6:3 One of them said, “Please come along with your servants.” He replied, “All right, I’ll come.” 6:4 So he went with them. When they arrived at the Jordan, they started cutting down trees. 6:5 As one of them was felling a log, the ax head 235 dropped into the water. He shouted, “Oh no, 236 my master! It was borrowed!” 6:6 The prophet 237 asked, “Where did it drop in?” When he showed him the spot, Elisha 238 cut off a branch, threw it in at that spot, and made the ax head float. 6:7 He said, “Lift it out.” So he reached out his hand and grabbed it.
6:8 Now the king of Syria was at war with Israel. He consulted his advisers, who said, “Invade 239 at such and such 240 a place.” 6:9 But the prophet sent this message to the king of Israel, “Make sure you don’t pass through this place because Syria is invading there.” 6:10 So the king of Israel sent a message to the place the prophet had pointed out, warning it 241 to be on its guard. This happened on several occasions. 242 6:11 This made the king of Syria upset. 243 So he summoned his advisers 244 and said to them, “One of us must be helping the king of Israel.” 245 6:12 One of his advisers said, “No, my master, O king. The prophet Elisha who lives in Israel keeps telling the king of Israel the things you say in your bedroom.” 6:13 The king 246 ordered, “Go, find out where he is, so I can send some men to capture him.” 247 The king was told, “He is in Dothan.” 6:14 So he sent horses and chariots there, along with a good-sized army. 248 They arrived during the night and surrounded the city.
6:15 The prophet’s 249 attendant got up early in the morning. When he went outside there was an army surrounding the city, along with horses and chariots. He said to Elisha, 250 “Oh no, my master! What will we do?” 6:16 He replied, “Don’t be afraid, for our side outnumbers them.” 251 6:17 Then Elisha prayed, “O Lord, open his eyes so he can see.” The Lord opened the servant’s eyes and he saw that 252 the hill was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha. 6:18 As they approached him, 253 Elisha prayed to the Lord, “Strike these people 254 with blindness.” 255 The Lord 256 struck them with blindness as Elisha requested. 257 6:19 Then Elisha said to them, “This is not the right road or city. Follow me, and I will lead you to the man you’re looking for.” He led them to Samaria. 258
6:20 When they had entered Samaria, Elisha said, “O Lord, open their eyes, so they can see.” The Lord opened their eyes and they saw that they were in the middle of Samaria. 259 6:21 When the king of Israel saw them, he asked Elisha, “Should I strike them down, 260 my master?” 261 6:22 He replied, “Do not strike them down! You did not capture them with your sword or bow, so what gives you the right to strike them down? 262 Give them some food and water, so they can eat and drink and then go back to their master.” 6:23 So he threw a big banquet 263 for them and they ate and drank. Then he sent them back 264 to their master. After that no Syrian raiding parties again invaded the land of Israel.
6:24 Later King Ben Hadad of Syria assembled his entire army and attacked 265 and besieged Samaria. 266 6:25 Samaria’s food supply ran out. 267 They laid siege to it so long that 268 a donkey’s head was selling for eighty shekels of silver 269 and a quarter of a kab 270 of dove’s droppings 271 for five shekels of silver. 272
6:26 While the king of Israel was passing by on the city wall, a woman shouted to him, “Help us, my master, O king!” 6:27 He replied, “No, let the Lord help you. How can I help you? The threshing floor and winepress are empty.” 273 6:28 Then the king asked her, “What’s your problem?” She answered, “This woman said to me, ‘Hand over your son; we’ll eat him today and then eat my son tomorrow.’ 6:29 So we boiled my son and ate him. Then I said to her the next day, ‘Hand over your son and we’ll eat him.’ But she hid her son!” 6:30 When the king heard what the woman said, he tore his clothes. As he was passing by on the wall, the people could see he was wearing sackcloth under his clothes. 274 6:31 Then he said, “May God judge me severely 275 if Elisha son of Shaphat still has his head by the end of the day!” 276
6:32 Now Elisha was sitting in his house with the community leaders. 277 The king 278 sent a messenger on ahead, but before he arrived, 279 Elisha 280 said to the leaders, 281 “Do you realize this assassin intends to cut off my head?” 282 Look, when the messenger arrives, shut the door and lean against it. His master will certainly be right behind him.” 283 6:33 He was still talking to them when 284 the messenger approached 285 and said, “Look, the Lord is responsible for this disaster! 286 Why should I continue to wait for the Lord to help?” 7:1 Elisha replied, “Hear the word of the Lord! This is what the Lord says, ‘About this time tomorrow a seah 287 of finely milled flour will sell for a shekel and two seahs of barley for a shekel at the gate of Samaria.’” 7:2 An officer who was the king’s right-hand man 288 responded to the prophet, 289 “Look, even if the Lord made it rain by opening holes in the sky, could this happen so soon?” 290 Elisha 291 said, “Look, you will see it happen with your own eyes, but you will not eat any of the food!” 292
7:3 Now four men with a skin disease 293 were sitting at the entrance of the city gate. They said to one another, “Why are we just sitting here waiting to die? 294 7:4 If we go into the city, we’ll die of starvation, 295 and if we stay here we’ll die! So come on, let’s defect 296 to the Syrian camp! If they spare us, 297 we’ll live; if they kill us – well, we were going to die anyway.” 298 7:5 So they started toward 299 the Syrian camp at dusk. When they reached the edge of the Syrian camp, there was no one there. 7:6 The Lord had caused the Syrian camp to hear the sound of chariots and horses and a large army. Then they said to one another, “Look, the king of Israel has paid the kings of the Hittites and Egypt to attack us!” 7:7 So they got up and fled at dusk, leaving behind their tents, horses, and donkeys. They left the camp as it was and ran for their lives. 7:8 When the men with a skin disease reached the edge of the camp, they entered a tent and had a meal. 300 They also took some silver, gold, and clothes and went and hid it all. 301 Then they went back and entered another tent. They looted it 302 and went and hid what they had taken. 7:9 Then they said to one another, “It’s not right what we’re doing! This is a day to celebrate, but we haven’t told anyone. 303 If we wait until dawn, 304 we’ll be punished. 305 So come on, let’s go and inform the royal palace.” 7:10 So they went and called out to the gatekeepers 306 of the city. They told them, “We entered the Syrian camp and there was no one there. We didn’t even hear a man’s voice. 307 But the horses and donkeys are still tied up, and the tents remain up.” 308 7:11 The gatekeepers relayed the news to the royal palace. 309
7:12 The king got up in the night and said to his advisers, 310 “I will tell you what the Syrians have done to us. They know we are starving, so they left the camp and hid in the field, thinking, ‘When they come out of the city, we will capture them alive and enter the city.’” 7:13 One of his advisers replied, “Pick some men and have them take five of the horses that are left in the city. (Even if they are killed, their fate will be no different than that of all the Israelite people – we’re all going to die!) 311 Let’s send them out so we can know for sure what’s going on.” 312 7:14 So they picked two horsemen and the king sent them out to track the Syrian army. 313 He ordered them, “Go and find out what’s going on.” 314 7:15 So they tracked them 315 as far as the Jordan. The road was filled with clothes and equipment that the Syrians had discarded in their haste. 316 The scouts 317 went back and told the king. 7:16 Then the people went out and looted the Syrian camp. A seah 318 of finely milled flour sold for a shekel, and two seahs of barley for a shekel, just as the Lord had said they would. 319
7:17 Now the king had placed the officer who was his right-hand man 320 at the city gate. When the people rushed out, they trampled him to death in the gate. 321 This fulfilled the prophet’s word which he had spoken when the king tried to arrest him. 322 7:18 The prophet told the king, “Two seahs of barley will sell for a shekel, and a seah of finely milled flour for a shekel; this will happen about this time tomorrow in the gate of Samaria.” 7:19 But the officer replied to the prophet, “Look, even if the Lord made it rain by opening holes in the sky, could this happen so soon?” 323 Elisha 324 said, “Look, you will see it happen with your own eyes, but you will not eat any of the food!” 325 7:20 This is exactly what happened to him. The people trampled him to death in the city gate.
8:1 Now Elisha advised the woman whose son he had brought back to life, “You and your family should go and live somewhere else for a while, 326 for the Lord has decreed that a famine will overtake the land for seven years.” 8:2 So the woman did as the prophet said. 327 She and her family went and lived in the land of the Philistines for seven years. 8:3 After seven years the woman returned from the land of the Philistines and went to ask the king to give her back her house and field. 328 8:4 Now the king was talking to Gehazi, the prophet’s 329 servant, and said, “Tell me all the great things which Elisha has done.” 8:5 While Gehazi 330 was telling the king how Elisha 331 had brought the dead back to life, the woman whose son he had brought back to life came to ask the king for her house and field. 332 Gehazi said, “My master, O king, this is the very woman and this is her son whom Elisha brought back to life!” 8:6 The king asked the woman about it, and she gave him the details. 333 The king assigned a eunuch to take care of her request and ordered him, 334 “Give her back everything she owns, as well as the amount of crops her field produced from the day she left the land until now.”
8:7 Elisha traveled to Damascus while King Ben Hadad of Syria was sick. The king 335 was told, “The prophet 336 has come here.” 8:8 So the king told Hazael, “Take a gift 337 and go visit the prophet. Request from him an oracle from the Lord. Ask him, 338 ‘Will I recover from this sickness?’” 8:9 So Hazael went to visit Elisha. 339 He took along a gift, 340 as well as 341 forty camel loads of all the fine things of Damascus. When he arrived, he stood before him and said, “Your son, 342 King Ben Hadad of Syria, has sent me to you with this question, 343 ‘Will I recover from this sickness?’” 8:10 Elisha said to him, “Go and tell him, ‘You will surely recover,’ 344 but the Lord has revealed to me that he will surely die.” 8:11 Elisha 345 just stared at him until Hazael became uncomfortable. 346 Then the prophet started crying. 8:12 Hazael asked, “Why are you crying, my master?” He replied, “Because I know the trouble you will cause the Israelites. You will set fire to their fortresses, kill their young men with the sword, smash their children to bits, and rip open their pregnant women.” 8:13 Hazael said, “How could your servant, who is as insignificant as a dog, accomplish this great military victory?” 347 Elisha answered, “The Lord has revealed to me that you will be the king of Syria.” 348 8:14 He left Elisha and went to his master. Ben Hadad 349 asked him, “What did Elisha tell you?” Hazael 350 replied, “He told me you would surely recover.” 8:15 The next day Hazael 351 took a piece of cloth, dipped it in water, and spread it over Ben Hadad’s 352 face until he died. Then Hazael replaced him as king.
8:16 In the fifth year of the reign of Israel’s King Joram, son of Ahab, Jehoshaphat’s son Jehoram became king over Judah. 353 8:17 He was thirty-two years old when he became king and he reigned for eight years in Jerusalem. 354 8:18 He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel, just as Ahab’s dynasty had done, for he married Ahab’s daughter. 355 He did evil in the sight of 356 the Lord. 8:19 But the Lord was unwilling to destroy Judah. He preserved Judah for the sake of 357 his servant David to whom he had promised a perpetual dynasty. 358
8:20 During his reign Edom freed themselves from Judah’s control and set up their own king. 359 8:21 Joram 360 crossed over to Zair with all his chariots. The Edomites, who had surrounded him, attacked at night and defeated him and his chariot officers. 361 The Israelite army retreated to their homeland. 362 8:22 So Edom has remained free from Judah’s control to this very day. 363 At that same time Libnah also rebelled.
8:23 The rest of the events of Joram’s reign, including a record of his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 364 8:24 Joram passed away 365 and was buried with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Ahaziah replaced him as king.
8:25 In the twelfth year of the reign of Israel’s King Joram, son of Ahab, Jehoram’s son Ahaziah became king over Judah. 8:26 Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he became king and he reigned for one year in Jerusalem. 366 His mother was Athaliah, the granddaughter 367 of King Omri of Israel. 8:27 He followed in the footsteps of Ahab’s dynasty and did evil in the sight of 368 the Lord, like Ahab’s dynasty, for he was related to Ahab’s family. 369
8:28 He joined Ahab’s son Joram in a battle against King Hazael of Syria at Ramoth Gilead in which the Syrians defeated Joram. 8:29 King Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds he received from the Syrians 370 in Ramah when he fought against King Hazael of Syria. King Ahaziah son of Jehoram of Judah went down to visit 371 Joram son of Ahab in Jezreel, for he was ill.
9:1 Now Elisha the prophet summoned a member of the prophetic guild 372 and told him, “Tuck your robes into your belt, take this container 373 of olive oil in your hand, and go to Ramoth Gilead. 9:2 When you arrive there, look for Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi and take him aside into an inner room. 374 9:3 Take the container of olive oil, pour it over his head, and say, ‘This is what the Lord says, “I have designated 375 you as king over Israel.”’ Then open the door and run away quickly!” 376
9:4 So the young prophet 377 went to Ramoth Gilead. 9:5 When he arrived, the officers of the army were sitting there. 378 So he said, “I have a message for you, O officer.” 379 Jehu asked, “For which one of us?” 380 He replied, “For you, O officer.” 9:6 So Jehu 381 got up and went inside. Then the prophet 382 poured the olive oil on his head and said to him, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says, ‘I have designated you as king over the Lord’s people Israel. 9:7 You will destroy the family of your master Ahab. 383 I will get revenge against Jezebel for the shed blood of my servants the prophets and for the shed blood of all the Lord’s servants. 384 9:8 Ahab’s entire family will die. I 385 will cut off every last male belonging to Ahab in Israel, including even the weak and incapacitated. 386 9:9 I will make Ahab’s dynasty 387 like those of Jeroboam son of Nebat and Baasha son of Ahijah. 9:10 Dogs will devour Jezebel on the plot of ground in Jezreel; she will not be buried.’” 388 Then he opened the door and ran away.
9:11 When Jehu rejoined 389 his master’s servants, they 390 asked him, “Is everything all right? 391 Why did this madman visit you?” He replied, “Ah, it’s not important. You know what kind of man he is and the kinds of things he says.” 392 9:12 But they said, “You’re lying! Tell us what he said.” So he told them what he had said. He also related how he had said, 393 “This is what the Lord says, ‘I have designated you as king over Israel.’” 9:13 Each of them quickly took off his cloak and they spread them out at Jehu’s 394 feet on the steps. 395 The trumpet was blown 396 and they shouted, “Jehu is 397 king!” 9:14 Then Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram.
Now Joram had been in Ramoth Gilead with the whole Israelite army, 398 guarding against an invasion by King Hazael of Syria. 9:15 But King Joram had returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds he received from the Syrians 399 when he fought against King Hazael of Syria. 400 Jehu told his supporters, 401 “If you really want me to be king, 402 then don’t let anyone escape from the city to go and warn Jezreel.” 9:16 Jehu drove his chariot 403 to Jezreel, for Joram was recuperating 404 there. (Now King Ahaziah of Judah had come down to visit 405 Joram.)
9:17 Now the watchman was standing on the tower in Jezreel and saw Jehu’s troops approaching. 406 He said, “I see troops!” 407 Jehoram ordered, 408 “Send a rider out to meet them and have him ask, ‘Is everything all right?’” 409 9:18 So the horseman 410 went to meet him and said, “This is what the king says, ‘Is everything all right?’” 411 Jehu replied, “None of your business! 412 Follow me.” The watchman reported, “The messenger reached them, but hasn’t started back.” 9:19 So he sent a second horseman out to them 413 and he said, “This is what the king says, ‘Is everything all right?’” 414 Jehu replied, “None of your business! Follow me.” 9:20 The watchman reported, “He reached them, but hasn’t started back. The one who drives the lead chariot drives like Jehu son of Nimshi; 415 he drives recklessly.” 9:21 Jehoram ordered, “Hitch up my chariot.” 416 When his chariot had been hitched up, 417 King Jehoram of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah went out in their respective chariots 418 to meet Jehu. They met up with him 419 in the plot of land that had once belonged to Naboth of Jezreel.
9:22 When Jehoram saw Jehu, he asked, “Is everything all right, Jehu?” He replied, “How can everything be all right as long as your mother Jezebel promotes idolatry and pagan practices?” 420 9:23 Jehoram turned his chariot around and took off. 421 He said to Ahaziah, “It’s a trap, 422 Ahaziah!” 9:24 Jehu aimed his bow and shot an arrow right between Jehoram’s shoulders. 423 The arrow went through 424 his heart and he fell to his knees in his chariot. 9:25 Jehu ordered 425 his officer Bidkar, “Pick him up and throw him into the part of the field that once belonged to Naboth of Jezreel. Remember, you and I were riding together behind his father Ahab, when the Lord pronounced this judgment on him, 9:26 ‘“Know for sure that I saw the shed blood of Naboth and his sons yesterday,” says the Lord, “and that I will give you what you deserve right here in this plot of land,” 426 says the Lord.’ So now pick him up and throw him into this plot of land, just as the Lord said.” 427
9:27 When King Ahaziah of Judah saw what happened, he took off 428 up the road to Beth Haggan. Jehu chased him and ordered, “Shoot him too.” They shot him while he was driving his chariot up the ascent of Gur near Ibleam. 429 He fled to Megiddo 430 and died there. 9:28 His servants took his body 431 back to Jerusalem 432 and buried him in his tomb with his ancestors in the city of David. 9:29 Ahaziah had become king over Judah in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab.
9:30 Jehu approached Jezreel. When Jezebel heard the news, she put on some eye liner, 433 fixed up her hair, and leaned out the window. 9:31 When Jehu came through the gate, she said, “Is everything all right, Zimri, murderer of his master?” 434 9:32 He looked up at the window and said, “Who is on my side? Who?” Two or three 435 eunuchs looked down at him. 9:33 He said, “Throw her down!” So they threw her down, and when she hit the ground, 436 her blood splattered against the wall and the horses, and Jehu drove his chariot over her. 437 9:34 He went inside and had a meal. 438 Then he said, “Dispose of this accursed woman’s corpse. Bury her, for after all, she was a king’s daughter.” 439 9:35 But when they went to bury her, they found nothing left but 440 the skull, feet, and palms of the hands. 9:36 When they went back and told him, he said, “The Lord’s word through his servant, Elijah the Tishbite, has come to pass. He warned, 441 ‘In the plot of land at Jezreel, dogs will devour Jezebel’s flesh. 9:37 Jezebel’s corpse will be like manure on the surface of the ground in the plot of land at Jezreel. People will not be able to even recognize her.’” 442
10:1 Ahab had seventy sons living in Samaria. 443 So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the leading officials of Jezreel and to the guardians of Ahab’s dynasty. This is what the letters said, 444 10:2 “You have with you the sons of your master, chariots and horses, a fortified city, and weapons. So when this letter arrives, 445 10:3 pick the best and most capable 446 of your master’s sons, place him on his father’s throne, and defend 447 your master’s dynasty.”
10:4 They were absolutely terrified 448 and said, “Look, two kings could not stop him! 449 How can we?” 450 10:5 So the palace supervisor, 451 the city commissioner, 452 the leaders, 453 and the guardians sent this message to Jehu, “We are your subjects! 454 Whatever you say, we will do. We will not make anyone king. Do what you consider proper.” 455
10:6 He wrote them a second letter, saying, “If you are really on my side and are willing to obey me, 456 then take the heads of your master’s sons and come to me in Jezreel at this time tomorrow.” 457 Now the king had seventy sons, and the prominent 458 men of the city were raising them. 10:7 When they received the letter, they seized the king’s sons and executed all seventy of them. 459 They put their heads in baskets and sent them to him in Jezreel. 10:8 The messenger came and told Jehu, 460 “They have brought the heads of the king’s sons.” Jehu 461 said, “Stack them in two piles at the entrance of the city gate until morning.” 10:9 In the morning he went out and stood there. Then he said to all the people, “You are innocent. I conspired against my master and killed him. But who struck down all of these men? 10:10 Therefore take note that not one of the judgments the Lord announced against Ahab’s dynasty has failed to materialize. The Lord had done what he announced through his servant Elijah.” 462 10:11 Then Jehu killed all who were left of Ahab’s family in Jezreel, and all his nobles, close friends, and priests. He left no survivors.
10:12 Jehu then left there and set out for Samaria. 463 While he was traveling through Beth Eked of the Shepherds, 10:13 Jehu encountered 464 the relatives 465 of King Ahaziah of Judah. He asked, “Who are you?” They replied, “We are Ahaziah’s relatives. We have come down to see how 466 the king’s sons and the queen mother’s sons are doing.” 10:14 He said, “Capture them alive!” So they captured them alive and then executed all forty-two of them in the cistern at Beth Eked. He left no survivors.
10:15 When he left there, he met 467 Jehonadab, son of Rekab, who had been looking for him. 468 Jehu greeted him and asked, 469 “Are you as committed to me as I am to you?” 470 Jehonadab answered, “I am!” Jehu replied, “If so, give me your hand.” 471 So he offered his hand and Jehu 472 pulled him up into the chariot. 10:16 Jehu 473 said, “Come with me and see how zealous I am for the Lord’s cause.” 474 So he 475 took him along in his chariot. 10:17 He went to Samaria and exterminated all the members of Ahab’s family who were still alive in Samaria, 476 just as the Lord had announced to Elijah. 477
10:18 Jehu assembled all the people and said to them, “Ahab worshiped 478 Baal a little; Jehu will worship 479 him with great devotion. 480 10:19 So now, bring to me all the prophets of Baal, as well as all his servants and priests. 481 None of them must be absent, for I am offering a great sacrifice to Baal. Any of them who fail to appear will lose their lives.” But Jehu was tricking them 482 so he could destroy the servants of Baal. 10:20 Then Jehu ordered, “Make arrangements for 483 a celebration for Baal.” So they announced it. 10:21 Jehu sent invitations throughout Israel, and all the servants of Baal came; not one was absent. They arrived at the temple of Baal and filled it up from end to end. 484 10:22 Jehu ordered the one who was in charge of the wardrobe, 485 “Bring out robes for all the servants of Baal.” So he brought out robes for them. 10:23 Then Jehu and Jehonadab son of Rekab went to the temple of Baal. Jehu 486 said to the servants of Baal, “Make sure there are no servants of the Lord here with you; there must be only servants of Baal.” 487 10:24 They went inside to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings. Now Jehu had stationed eighty men outside. He had told them, “If any of the men inside get away, you will pay with your lives!” 488
10:25 When he finished offering the burnt sacrifice, Jehu ordered the royal guard 489 and officers, “Come in and strike them down! Don’t let any escape!” So the royal guard and officers struck them down with the sword and left their bodies lying there. 490 Then they entered the inner sanctuary of the temple of Baal. 491 10:26 They hauled out the sacred pillar of the temple of Baal and burned it. 10:27 They demolished 492 the sacred pillar of Baal and 493 the temple of Baal; it is used as 494 a latrine 495 to this very day. 10:28 So Jehu eradicated Baal worship 496 from Israel.
10:29 However, Jehu did not repudiate the sins which Jeroboam son of Nebat had encouraged Israel to commit; the golden calves remained in Bethel 497 and Dan. 498 10:30 The Lord said to Jehu, “You have done well. You have accomplished my will and carried out my wishes with regard to Ahab’s dynasty. Therefore four generations of your descendants will rule over Israel.” 499 10:31 But Jehu did not carefully and wholeheartedly obey the law of the Lord God of Israel. 500 He did not repudiate the sins which Jeroboam had encouraged Israel to commit. 501
10:32 In those days the Lord began to reduce the size of Israel’s territory. 502 Hazael attacked their eastern border. 503 10:33 He conquered all the land of Gilead, including the territory of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh, extending all the way from the Aroer in the Arnon Valley through Gilead to Bashan. 504
10:34 The rest of the events of Jehu’s reign, including all his accomplishments and successes, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 505 10:35 Jehu passed away 506 and was buried in Samaria. 507 His son Jehoahaz replaced him as king. 10:36 Jehu reigned over Israel for twenty-eight years in Samaria.
11:1 When Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she was determined to destroy the entire royal line. 508 11:2 So Jehosheba, the daughter of King Joram and sister of Ahaziah, took Ahaziah’s son Joash and sneaked 509 him away from the rest of the royal descendants who were to be executed. She hid him and his nurse in the room where the bed covers were stored. 510 So he was hidden from Athaliah and escaped execution. 511 11:3 He hid out with his nurse in the Lord’s temple 512 for six years, while Athaliah was ruling over the land.
11:4 In the seventh year Jehoiada summoned 513 the officers of the units of hundreds of the Carians 514 and the royal bodyguard. 515 He met with them 516 in the Lord’s temple. He made an agreement 517 with them and made them swear an oath of allegiance in the Lord’s temple. Then he showed them the king’s son. 11:5 He ordered them, “This is what you must do. One third of the unit that is on duty during the Sabbath will guard the royal palace. 11:6 Another third of you will be stationed at the Foundation 518 Gate. Still another third of you will be stationed at the gate behind the royal guard. 519 You will take turns guarding the palace. 520 11:7 The two units who are off duty on the Sabbath will guard the Lord’s temple and protect the king. 521 11:8 You must surround the king. Each of you must hold his weapon in his hand. Whoever approaches your ranks must be killed. You must accompany the king wherever he goes.” 522
11:9 The officers of the units of hundreds did just as 523 Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each of them took his men, those who were on duty during the Sabbath as well as those who were off duty on the Sabbath, and reported 524 to Jehoiada the priest. 11:10 The priest gave to the officers of the units of hundreds King David’s spears and the shields that were kept in the Lord’s temple. 11:11 The royal bodyguard 525 took their stations, each holding his weapon in his hand. They lined up from the south side of the temple to the north side and stood near the altar and the temple, surrounding the king. 526 11:12 Jehoiada 527 led out the king’s son and placed on him the crown and the royal insignia. 528 They proclaimed him king and poured olive oil on his head. 529 They clapped their hands and cried out, “Long live the king!”
11:13 When Athaliah heard the royal guard 530 shout, she joined the crowd 531 at the Lord’s temple. 11:14 Then she saw 532 the king standing by the pillar, according to custom. The officers stood beside the king with their trumpets and all the people of the land were celebrating and blowing trumpets. Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason, treason!” 533 11:15 Jehoiada the priest ordered the officers of the units of hundreds, who were in charge of the army, 534 “Bring her outside the temple to the guards. 535 Put the sword to anyone who follows her.” The priest gave this order because he had decided she should not be executed in the Lord’s temple. 536 11:16 They seized her and took her into the precincts of the royal palace through the horses’ entrance. 537 There she was executed.
11:17 Jehoiada then drew up a covenant between the Lord and the king and people, stipulating that they should be loyal to the Lord. 538 11:18 All the people of the land went and demolished 539 the temple of Baal. They smashed its altars and idols 540 to bits. 541 They killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altar. Jehoiada the priest 542 then placed guards at the Lord’s temple. 11:19 He took the officers of the units of hundreds, the Carians, the royal bodyguard, and all the people of land, and together they led the king down from the Lord’s temple. They entered the royal palace through the Gate of the Royal Bodyguard, 543 and the king 544 sat down on the royal throne. 11:20 All the people of the land celebrated, for the city had rest now that they had killed Athaliah with the sword in the royal palace.
11:21 (12:1) 545 Jehoash 546 was seven years old when he began to reign. 12:1 (12:2) In Jehu’s seventh year Jehoash became king; he reigned for forty years in Jerusalem. 547 His mother was Zibiah, who was from Beer Sheba. 12:2 Throughout his lifetime Jehoash did what the Lord approved, 548 just as 549 Jehoiada the priest taught him. 12:3 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places.
12:4 Jehoash said to the priests, “I place at your disposal 550 all the consecrated silver that has been brought to the Lord’s temple, including the silver collected from the census tax, 551 the silver received from those who have made vows, 552 and all the silver that people have voluntarily contributed to the Lord’s temple. 553 12:5 The priests should receive the silver they need from the treasurers and repair any damage to the temple they discover.” 554
12:6 By the twenty-third year of King Jehoash’s reign the priests had still not repaired the damage to the temple. 12:7 So King Jehoash summoned Jehoiada the priest along with the other priests, and said to them, “Why have you not repaired the damage to the temple? Now, take no more silver from your treasurers unless you intend to use it to repair the damage.” 555 12:8 The priests agreed 556 not to collect silver from the people and relieved themselves of personal responsibility for the temple repairs. 557
12:9 Jehoiada the priest took a chest and drilled a hole in its lid. He placed it on the right side of the altar near the entrance of 558 the Lord’s temple. The priests who guarded the entrance would put into it all the silver brought to the Lord’s temple. 12:10 When they saw the chest was full of silver, the royal secretary 559 and the high priest counted the silver that had been brought to the Lord’s temple and bagged it up. 560 12:11 They would then hand over 561 the silver that had been weighed to the construction foremen 562 assigned to the Lord’s temple. They hired carpenters and builders to work on the Lord’s temple, 12:12 as well as masons and stonecutters. They bought wood and chiseled stone to repair the damage to the Lord’s temple and also paid for all the other expenses. 563 12:13 The silver brought to the Lord’s temple was not used for silver bowls, trimming shears, basins, trumpets, or any kind of gold or silver implements. 12:14 It was handed over 564 to the foremen who used it to repair the Lord’s temple. 12:15 They did not audit the treasurers who disbursed 565 the funds to the foremen, for they were honest. 566 12:16 (The silver collected in conjunction with reparation offerings and sin offerings was not brought to the Lord’s temple; it belonged to the priests.)
12:17 At that time King Hazael of Syria attacked 567 Gath and captured it. Hazael then decided to attack Jerusalem. 568 12:18 King Jehoash of Judah collected all the sacred items that his ancestors Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah, kings of Judah, had consecrated, as well as his own sacred items and all the gold that could be found in the treasuries of the Lord’s temple and the royal palace. He sent it all 569 to King Hazael of Syria, who then withdrew 570 from Jerusalem.
12:19 The rest of the events of Joash’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 571 12:20 His servants conspired against him 572 and murdered Joash at Beth-Millo, on the road that goes down to Silla. 573 12:21 His servants Jozabad son of Shimeath and Jehozabad son of Shomer murdered him. 574 He was buried 575 with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Amaziah replaced him as king.
13:1 In the twenty-third year of the reign of Judah’s King Joash son of Ahaziah, Jehu’s son Jehoahaz became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 576 for seventeen years. 13:2 He did evil in the sight of 577 the Lord. He continued in 578 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who had encouraged Israel to sin; he did not repudiate those sins. 579 13:3 The Lord was furious with 580 Israel and handed them over to 581 King Hazael of Syria and to Hazael’s son Ben Hadad for many years. 582
13:4 Jehoahaz asked for the Lord’s mercy 583 and the Lord responded favorably, 584 for he saw that Israel was oppressed by the king of Syria. 585 13:5 The Lord provided a deliverer 586 for Israel and they were freed from Syria’s power. 587 The Israelites once more lived in security. 588 13:6 But they did not repudiate 589 the sinful ways of the family 590 of Jeroboam, who encouraged Israel to sin; they continued in those sins. 591 There was even an Asherah pole 592 standing in Samaria. 13:7 Jehoahaz had no army left 593 except for fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and 10,000 foot soldiers. The king of Syria had destroyed his troops 594 and trampled on them like dust. 595
13:8 The rest of the events of Jehoahaz’s reign, including all his accomplishments and successes, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 596 13:9 Jehoahaz passed away 597 and was buried 598 in Samaria. His son Joash replaced him as king.
13:10 In the thirty-seventh year of King Joash’s reign over Judah, Jehoahaz’s son Jehoash became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 599 for sixteen years. 13:11 He did evil in the sight of 600 the Lord. He did not repudiate 601 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin; he continued in those sins. 602 13:12 The rest of the events of Joash’s 603 reign, including all his accomplishments and his successful war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 604 13:13 Joash passed away 605 and Jeroboam succeeded him on the throne. 606 Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.
13:14 Now Elisha had a terminal illness. 607 King Joash of Israel went down to visit him. 608 He wept before him and said, “My father, my father! The chariot 609 and horsemen of Israel!” 610 13:15 Elisha told him, “Take a bow and some arrows,” and he did so. 611 13:16 Then Elisha 612 told the king of Israel, “Aim the bow.” 613 He did so, 614 and Elisha placed his hands on the king’s hands. 13:17 Elisha 615 said, “Open the east window,” and he did so. 616 Elisha said, “Shoot!” and
he did so. 617 Elisha 618 said, “This arrow symbolizes the victory the Lord will give you over Syria. 619 You will annihilate Syria in Aphek!” 620 13:18 Then Elisha 621 said, “Take the arrows,” and he did so. 622 He told the king of Israel, “Strike the ground!” He struck the ground three times and stopped. 13:19 The prophet 623 got angry at him and said, “If you had struck the ground five or six times, you would have annihilated Syria! 624 But now, you will defeat Syria only three times.”
13:20 Elisha died and was buried. 625 Moabite raiding parties invaded 626 the land at the beginning of the year. 627 13:21 One day some men 628 were burying a man when they spotted 629 a raiding party. So they threw the dead man 630 into Elisha’s tomb. When the body 631 touched Elisha’s bones, the dead man 632 came to life and stood on his feet.
13:22 Now King Hazael of Syria oppressed Israel throughout Jehoahaz’s reign. 633 13:23 But the Lord had mercy on them and felt pity for them. 634 He extended his favor to them 635 because of the promise he had made 636 to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. He has been unwilling to destroy them or remove them from his presence to this very day. 637 13:24 When King Hazael of Syria died, his son Ben Hadad replaced him as king. 13:25 Jehoahaz’s son Jehoash took back from 638 Ben Hadad son of Hazael the cities that he had taken from his father Jehoahaz in war. Joash defeated him three times and recovered the Israelite cities.
14:1 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Joash son of Joahaz, 639 Joash’s 640 son Amaziah became king over Judah. 14:2 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. 641 His mother 642 was Jehoaddan, who was from Jerusalem. 14:3 He did what the Lord approved, 643 but not like David his father. He followed the example of his father Joash. 644 14:4 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places.
14:5 When he had secured control of the kingdom, 645 he executed the servants who had assassinated his father. 646 14:6 But he did not execute the sons of the assassins. He obeyed the Lord’s commandment as recorded in the law scroll of Moses, 647 “Fathers must not be put to death for what their sons do, 648 and sons must not be put to death for what their fathers do. 649 A man must be put to death only for his own sin.” 650
14:7 He defeated 651 10,000 Edomites in the Salt Valley; he captured Sela in battle and renamed it Joktheel, a name it has retained to this very day. 14:8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel. He said, “Come, let’s meet face to face.” 652 14:9 King Jehoash of Israel sent this message back to King Amaziah of Judah, “A thornbush in Lebanon sent this message to a cedar in Lebanon, ‘Give your daughter to my son as a wife.’ Then a wild animal 653 of Lebanon came by and trampled down the thorn. 654 14:10 You thoroughly defeated Edom 655 and it has gone to your head! 656 Gloat over your success, 657 but stay in your palace. Why bring calamity on yourself? Why bring down yourself and Judah along with you?” 658 14:11 But Amaziah would not heed the warning, 659 so King Jehoash of Israel attacked. 660 He and King Amaziah of Judah met face to face 661 in Beth Shemesh of Judah. 14:12 Judah was defeated by Israel, and each man ran back home. 662 14:13 King Jehoash of Israel captured King Amaziah of Judah, son of Jehoash son of Ahaziah, in Beth Shemesh. He 663 attacked 664 Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Gate of Ephraim to the Corner Gate – a distance of about six hundred feet. 665 14:14 He took away all the gold and silver, all the items found in the Lord’s temple and in the treasuries of the royal palace, and some hostages. 666 Then he went back to Samaria. 667
( 14:15 The rest of the events of Jehoash’s 668 reign, including all his accomplishments and his successful war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 669 14:16 Jehoash passed away 670 and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. His son Jeroboam replaced him as king.)
14:17 King Amaziah son of Joash of Judah lived for fifteen years after the death of King Jehoash son of Jehoahaz of Israel. 14:18 The rest of the events of Amaziah’s reign are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 671 14:19 Conspirators plotted against him in Jerusalem, 672 so he fled to Lachish. But they sent assassins after him 673 and they killed him there. 14:20 His body was carried back by horses 674 and he was buried in Jerusalem with his ancestors in the city of David. 14:21 All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in his father Amaziah’s place. 14:22 Azariah 675 built up Elat and restored it to Judah after the king 676 had passed away. 677
14:23 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Judah’s King Amaziah, son of Joash, Jeroboam son of Joash became king over Israel. He reigned for forty-one years in Samaria. 678 14:24 He did evil in the sight of 679 the Lord; he did not repudiate 680 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 14:25 He restored the border of Israel from Lebo Hamath in the north to the sea of the Arabah in the south, 681 in accordance with the word of the Lord God of Israel announced through 682 his servant Jonah son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath Hepher. 14:26 The Lord saw Israel’s intense suffering; 683 everyone was weak and incapacitated and Israel had no deliverer. 684 14:27 The Lord had not decreed that he would blot out Israel’s memory 685 from under heaven, 686 so he delivered them through Jeroboam son of Joash.
14:28 The rest of the events of Jeroboam’s reign, including all his accomplishments, his military success in restoring Israelite control over Damascus and Hamath, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 687 14:29 Jeroboam passed away 688 and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. 689 His son Zechariah replaced him as king.
[1:1] 1 sn This statement may fit better with the final paragraph of 1 Kgs 22.
[1:2] 2 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[1:2] 3 tn Heb “and he sent messengers and said to them.”
[1:2] 4 tn That is, “seek an oracle from.”
[1:2] 5 sn Apparently Baal Zebub refers to a local manifestation of the god Baal at the Philistine city of Ekron. The name appears to mean “Lord of the Flies,” but it may be a deliberate scribal corruption of Baal Zebul, “Baal, the Prince,” a title known from the Ugaritic texts. For further discussion and bibliography, see HALOT 261 s.v. זְבוּב בַּעַל and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 25.
[1:3] 6 tn Heb “Is it because there is no God in Israel [that] you are going to inquire of Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?” The translation seeks to bring out the sarcastic tone of the rhetorical question.
[1:5] sn The narrative is elliptical and telescoped here. The account of Elijah encountering the messengers and delivering the Lord’s message is omitted; we only here of it as the messengers report what happened to the king.
[1:6] 9 tn Heb “Is it because there is no God in Israel [that] you are sending to inquire of Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?” The translation seeks to bring out the sarcastic tone of the rhetorical question. In v. 3 the messengers are addressed (in the phrase “you are on your way” the second person plural pronoun is used in Hebrew), but here the king is addressed (in the phrase “you are sending” the second person singular pronoun is used).
[1:7] 10 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:7] 11 tn Heb “What was the manner…?”
[1:8] 12 tn Heb “said to him.”
[1:8] 13 tn Heb “an owner of hair.” This idiomatic expression indicates that Elijah was very hairy. For other examples where the idiom “owner of” is used to describe a characteristic of someone, see HALOT 143 s.v. בַּעַל. For example, an “owner of dreams” is one who frequently has dreams (Gen 37:19) and an “owner of anger” is a hot-tempered individual (Prov 22:24).
[1:8] 14 tn Heb “belt of skin” (i.e., one made from animal hide).
[1:8] 15 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:9] 16 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:9] 17 tn Heb “officer of fifty and his fifty.”
[1:9] 19 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the captain) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:9] 20 sn The prophet Elijah’s position on the top of the hill symbolizes his superiority to the king and his messengers.
[1:9] 21 tn Heb “man of God” (also in vv. 10, 11, 12, 13).
[1:10] 22 tn Heb “answered and said to the officer of fifty.”
[1:10] 23 tn Wordplay contributes to the irony here. The king tells Elijah to “come down” (Hebrew יָרַד, yarad), but Elijah calls fire down (יָרַד) on the arrogant king’s officer.
[1:11] 24 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:11] 25 tc The MT reads, “he answered and said to him.” The verb “he answered” (וַיַּעַן, vayya’an) is probably a corruption of “he went up” (וַיַּעַל, vayya’al). See v. 9.
[1:11] 26 sn In this second panel of the three-paneled narrative, the king and his captain are more arrogant than before. The captain uses a more official sounding introduction (“this is what the king says”) and the king adds “at once” to the command.
[1:12] 27 tc Two medieval Hebrew
[1:12] 28 tn Or “intense fire.” The divine name may be used idiomatically to emphasize the intensity of the fire. Whether one translates אֱלֹהִים (’elohim) here as a proper name or idiomatically, this addition to the narrative (the name is omitted in the first panel, v. 10b) emphasizes the severity of the judgment and is appropriate given the more intense command delivered by the king to the prophet in this panel.
[1:13] 29 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:13] 30 tn Heb “went up and approached and kneeled.”
[1:14] 32 tn Heb “their fifty.”
[1:15] 33 sn In this third panel the verb “come down” (יָרַד, yarad) occurs again, this time describing Elijah’s descent from the hill at the Lord’s command. The moral of the story seems clear: Those who act as if they have authority over God and his servants just may pay for their arrogance with their lives; those who, like the third commander, humble themselves and show the proper respect for God’s authority and for his servants will be spared and find God quite cooperative.
[1:16] 34 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:16] 35 tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:16] 36 tn Heb “Because you sent messengers to inquire of Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron, is there no God in Israel to inquire of his word?”
[1:16] 37 sn For the third time in this chapter we read the Lord’s sarcastic question to king and the accompanying announcement of judgment. The repetition emphasizes one of the chapter’s main themes. Israel’s leaders should seek guidance from their own God, not a pagan deity, for Israel’s sovereign God is the one who controls life and death.
[1:17] 38 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[1:17] 39 tn Heb “Jehoram replaced him as king…because he had no son.” Some ancient textual witnesses add “his brother,” which was likely added on the basis of the statement later in the verse that Ahaziah had no son.
[1:18] 40 tn Heb “As for the rest of the acts of Ahaziah which he did, are they not recorded in the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[2:2] 42 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[2:3] 43 tn Heb “the sons of the prophets.”
[2:3] 44 tn Heb “from your head.” The same expression occurs in v. 5.
[2:4] 45 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[2:7] 46 tn Heb “the two of them.” The referents (Elijah and Elisha) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:9] 47 tn Heb “Ask! What can I do for you….?”
[2:9] 48 tn Heb “May a double portion of your spirit come to me.”
[2:10] 49 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:10] 50 tn Heb “You have made difficult [your] request.”
[2:11] 51 tn Though the noun is singular here, it may be collective, in which case it could be translated “chariots.”
[2:11] 52 tn Heb “look, a chariot of fire and horses of fire.”
[2:11] 53 tn Heb “and they made a division between the two of them.”
[2:12] 54 sn Elisha may be referring to the fiery chariot(s) and horses as the Lord’s spiritual army that fights on behalf of Israel (see 2 Kgs 6:15-17; 7:6). However, the juxtaposition with “my father” (clearly a reference to Elijah as Elisha’s mentor), and the parallel in 2 Kgs 13:14 (where the king addresses Elisha with these words), suggest that Elisha is referring to Elijah. In this case Elijah is viewed as a one man army, as it were. When the Lord spoke through him, his prophetic word was as powerful as an army of chariots and horses. See M. A. Beek, “The Meaning of the Expression ‘The Chariots and Horsemen of Israel’ (II Kings ii 12),” The Witness of Tradition (OTS 17), 1-10.
[2:14] 55 tn Heb “Elijah’s cloak, which had fallen off him.” The wording is changed slightly in the translation for the sake of variety of expression (see v. 13).
[2:15] 56 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[2:15] 57 tn Heb “and the sons of the prophets who were in Jericho, [who were standing] opposite, saw him and said.”
[2:15] 58 tn Heb “the spirit of Elijah.”
[2:16] 59 tn Or “the spirit of the
[2:16] 60 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:17] 61 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:18] 62 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:19] 64 tn Heb “miscarries” or “is barren.”
[2:20] 65 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:21] 67 tn Heb “there will no longer be from there death and miscarriage [or, ‘barrenness’].”
[2:22] 68 tn Heb “according to the word of Elisha which he spoke.”
[2:23] 69 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[2:23] 70 tn The word נַעַר (na’ar), here translated “boy,” can refer to a broad age range, including infants as well as young men. But the qualifying term “young” (or “small”) suggests these youths were relatively young. The phrase in question (“young boy”) occurs elsewhere in 1 Sam 20:35; 1 Kgs 3:7 (used by Solomon in an hyperbolic manner); 11:17; 2 Kgs 5:14; and Isa 11:6.
[2:24] 71 tn Heb “he cursed them in the name of the
[2:25] 72 sn The two brief episodes recorded in vv. 19-25 demonstrate Elisha’s authority and prove that he is the legitimate prophetic heir of Elijah. He has the capacity to bring life and blessing to those who recognize his authority, or death and judgment to those who reject him.
[2:25] map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[3:1] 73 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[3:2] 74 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[3:3] 75 tn Heb “held tight,” or “clung to.”
[3:3] 76 tc The Hebrew text has the singular, “it.” Some ancient witnesses read the plural, which seems preferable since the antecedent (“sins”) is plural. Another option is to emend the plural “sins” to a singular. One ancient Greek witness has the singular “sin.”
[3:4] 77 tn For a discussion of the meaning of term (נֹקֵד, noqed), see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 43.
[3:4] 78 tn The vav + perfect here indicates customary action contemporary with the situation described in the preceding main clause. See IBHS 533-34 §32.2.3e.
[3:7] 79 tn Heb “went and sent.”
[3:7] 80 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoshaphat) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[3:7] 81 tn Heb “I will go up – like me, like you; like my people, like your people; like my horses; like your horses.”
[3:8] 82 tn Heb “Where is the road we will go up?”
[3:8] 83 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[3:9] 84 tn Heb “the king of Israel and the king of Judah and the king of Edom.”
[3:11] 86 tn Heb “that we might inquire of the
[3:11] 87 tn Heb “who poured water on the hands of Elijah.” This refers to one of the typical tasks of a servant.
[3:12] 88 tn Heb “the word of the
[3:13] 89 tn Or “What do we have in common?” The text reads literally, “What to me and to you?”
[3:14] 90 tn Traditionally “the
[3:14] 91 tn Heb “before whom I stand.”
[3:14] 92 tn Heb “if I did not lift up the face of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah.”
[3:14] 93 tn Heb “I would not look at you or see you.”
[3:15] 94 tn The term used refers to one who plays a stringed instrument, perhaps a harp.
[3:15] 95 tn Heb “the hand of the
[3:16] 96 tn Heb “making this valley cisterns, cisterns.” The Hebrew noun גֵּב (gev) means “cistern” in Jer 14:3 (cf. Jer 39:10). The repetition of the noun is for emphasis. See GKC 396 §123.e. The verb (“making”) is an infinitive absolute, which has to be interpreted in light of the context. The translation above takes it in an imperatival sense. The command need not be understood as literal, but as hyperbolic. Telling them to build cisterns is a dramatic way of leading into the announcement that he would miraculously provide water in the desert. Some prefer to translate the infinitive as an imperfect with the Lord as the understood subject, “I will turn this valley [into] many pools.”
[3:18] 98 tn Heb “and this is easy in the eyes of the
[3:19] 99 tn Heb “choice” or “select.”
[3:19] 100 tn Elisha places the object first and uses an imperfect verb form. The stylistic shift may signal that he is now instructing them what to do, rather than merely predicting what would happen.
[3:19] 102 tn Heb “and ruin every good portion with stones.”
[3:20] 103 tn Heb “and in the morning, when the offering is offered up, look, water was coming from the way of Edom, and the land was filled with water.”
[3:21] 104 tn Heb “had come up to fight them.”
[3:21] 105 tn Heb “and they mustered all who tied on a belt and upwards, and they stood at the border.”
[3:23] 106 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Moabites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[3:23] 107 tn The translation assumes the verb is חָרַב (kharav, “to be desolate”). The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb form for emphasis. (For another example of the Hophal infinitive with a Niphal finite verb, see Lev 19:20. Cf. also IBHS 582 §35.2.1c.) Some prefer to derive the verb from a proposed homonym meaning “at HALOT 349 s.v. II חרב and BDB 352 s.v. חָרְבָה).
[3:24] 109 tc The consonantal text (Kethib) suggests, “and they went, striking down,” but the marginal reading (Qere) is “they struck down, striking down.” For a discussion of the textual problem, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 46.
[3:25] 110 tn Heb “and [on] every good portion they were throwing each man his stone and they filled it.” The vav + perfect (“and they filled”) here indicates customary action contemporary with the situation described in the preceding main clause (where a customary imperfect is used, “they were throwing”). See the note at 3:4.
[3:25] 111 tn Heb “until he had allowed its stones to remain in Kir Hareseth.”
[3:26] 112 tn Heb “and the king of Moab saw that the battle was too strong for him.”
[3:26] 113 tn Heb “he took with him seven hundred men, who drew the sword, to break through against.”
[3:27] 114 tn Heb “there was great anger against Israel.”
[3:27] sn The meaning of this statement is uncertain, for the subject of the anger is not indicated. Except for two relatively late texts, the noun קֶצֶף (qetsef) refers to an outburst of divine anger. But it seems unlikely the Lord would be angry with Israel, for he placed his stamp of approval on the campaign (vv. 16-19). D. N. Freedman suggests the narrator, who obviously has a bias against the Omride dynasty, included this observation to show that the Lord would not allow the Israelite king to “have an undiluted victory” (as quoted in M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings [AB], 52, n. 8). Some suggest that the original source identified Chemosh the Moabite god as the subject and that his name was later suppressed by a conscientious scribe, but this proposal raises more questions than it answers. For a discussion of various views, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 47-48, 51-52.
[3:27] 115 tn Heb “they departed from him.”
[4:1] 116 tn Heb “a wife from among the wives of the sons of the prophets.”
[4:1] 118 tn Heb “your servant feared the
[4:3] 119 tn Heb “Go, ask for containers from outside, from all your neighbors, empty containers.”
[4:3] 120 tn Heb “Do not borrow just a few.”
[4:4] 121 tn Heb “all these vessels.”
[4:6] 122 tn Heb “to her son.”
[4:7] 123 tn Heb “man of God” (also in vv. 16, 22, 25, 27 [twice]).
[4:8] 124 tn Heb “great,” perhaps “wealthy.”
[4:8] 125 tn Or “she urged him to eat some food.”
[4:8] 126 tn Or “he would turn aside there to eat some food.”
[4:9] 128 tn Heb “holy man of God.”
[4:10] 129 tn Heb “a small upper room of a wall”; according to HALOT 832 s.v. עֲלִיָּה, this refers to “a fully walled upper room.”
[4:10] 130 tn Heb “and let’s put there for him.”
[4:11] 131 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:11] 132 tn Heb “turned aside.”
[4:11] 133 tn Or “slept there.”
[4:12] 134 tn Heb “Call for this Shunammite woman.”
[4:12] 135 tn Heb “and he called for her and she stood before him.”
[4:13] 136 tn Heb “he said to him.”
[4:13] 137 tn Heb “you have turned trembling to us with all this trembling.” The exaggerated language is probably idiomatic. The point seems to be that she has taken great pains or gone out of her way to be kind to them. Her concern was a sign of her respect for the prophetic office.
[4:13] 138 tn Heb “Among my people I am living.” This answer suggests that she has security within the context of her family.
[4:14] 139 tn Heb “and he said.”
[4:15] 140 tn Heb “Call for her.”
[4:15] 141 tn Heb “and he called her.”
[4:15] 142 tn Heb “and he called for her and she stood in the door.”
[4:16] 143 tn Heb “at this appointed time, at the time [when it is] reviving.” For a discussion of the second phrase see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 57.
[4:18] 144 tn Heb “to his father, to the harvesters.”
[4:19] 145 tn Heb “He”; the referent (the boy’s father) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:21] 147 tn Heb “man of God’s.”
[4:23] 148 sn The new moon was a time of sacrifice and special feasts (Num 28:14; 1 Sam 20:5). Apparently it was a convenient time to visit a prophet. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 57.
[4:24] 150 tn Heb “lead [the donkey on] and go.”
[4:24] 151 tn Heb “do not restrain for me the riding unless I say to you.”
[4:25] 152 tn Heb “went and came.”
[4:25] 153 tn Heb “the man of God.” The phrase has been replaced by the relative pronoun “he” in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[4:26] 154 tn Heb “she said.” The narrator streamlines the story at this point, omitting any reference to Gehazi running to meet her and asking her the questions.
[4:27] 155 tn Heb “her soul [i.e., ‘disposition’] is bitter.”
[4:29] 156 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:29] 157 tn Heb “take my staff in your hand.”
[4:29] 158 tn Heb “If you meet a man, do not greet him with a blessing; if a man greets you with a blessing, do not answer.”
[4:30] 159 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The referent must be Elisha here, since the following verse makes it clear that Gehazi had gone on ahead of them.
[4:31] 160 tn Heb “to meet him.”
[4:33] 162 tn Heb “and closed the door behind the two of them.”
[4:34] 163 tn Heb “he went up and lay down over.”
[4:34] 164 tn Heb “his” (also in the next two clauses).
[4:34] 165 tn Or perhaps, “body”; Heb “flesh.”
[4:35] 166 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:35] 167 tn Heb “and he returned and went into the house, once here and once there.”
[4:35] 168 tn Heb “and he went up.”
[4:36] 169 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:36] 170 tn Heb “and he called for her.”
[4:38] 171 tn Heb “the sons of the prophets were sitting before him.”
[4:38] 172 tn The words “the fire” are added for clarification.
[4:38] 173 tn Heb “sons of the prophets.”
[4:39] 174 tn Heb “a vine of the field.”
[4:39] 175 tn Heb “[some] of the gourds of the field.”
[4:39] 176 tn Heb “he came and cut [them up].”
[4:39] 177 tc The Hebrew text reads, “for they did not know” (יָדָעוּ, yada’u) but some emend the final shureq (וּ, indicating a third plural subject) to holem vav (וֹ, a third masculine singular pronominal suffix on a third singular verb) and read “for he did not know it.” Perhaps it is best to omit the final vav as dittographic (note the vav at the beginning of the next verb form) and read simply, “for he did not know.” See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 59.
[4:40] 178 tn Heb “and they poured out [the stew].” The plural subject is probably indefinite.
[4:41] 179 tn Or “and let them eat.”
[4:42] 180 tn Heb “man of God.”
[4:42] 181 tn On the meaning of the word צִקְלוֹן (tsiqlon), “ear of grain,” see HALOT 148 s.v. בָּצֵק and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 59.
[4:42] 182 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:43] 183 tn Heb “How can I set this before a hundred men?”
[4:43] 184 tn The verb forms are infinitives absolute (Heb “eating and leaving over”) and have to be translated in light of the context.
[4:44] 185 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[5:1] 186 tn Heb “was a great man before his master and lifted up with respect to the face.”
[5:1] 187 tn For a discussion of מְצֹרָע (mÿtsora’), traditionally translated “leprous,” see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 63. Naaman probably had a skin disorder of some type, not leprosy/Hansen’s disease.
[5:3] 188 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[5:4] 189 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Naaman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:5] 190 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Naaman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:5] 191 tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 750 pounds of silver (cf. NCV, NLT, CEV).
[5:5] 192 tn Heb “six thousand gold […].” The unit of measure is not given in the Hebrew text. A number of English versions supply “pieces” (e.g., KJV, ASV, NAB, TEV) or “shekels” (e.g., NASB, NIV, NRSV).
[5:6] 193 tn Heb “and now when this letter comes to you, look, I have sent to you Naaman my servant.”
[5:7] 194 tn Heb “Am I God, killing and restoring life, that this one sends to me to cure a man from his skin disease?” In the Hebrew text this is one lengthy rhetorical question, which has been divided up in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[5:7] 195 tn Heb “Indeed, know and see that he is seeking an occasion with respect to me.”
[5:8] 196 tn Heb “man of God” (also in vv. 15, 20).
[5:8] 197 tn Heb “Let him come.”
[5:10] 198 tn Heb “will return to you.”
[5:12] 199 tn Heb “Are not Abana and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all of the waters of Israel?” The rhetorical question expects an emphatic “yes” as an answer.
[5:13] 200 tn Heb “my father,” reflecting the perspective of each individual servant. To address their master as “father” would emphasize his authority and express their respect. See BDB 3 s.v. אָב and the similar idiomatic use of “father” in 2 Kgs 2:12.
[5:13] 201 tn Heb “a great thing.”
[5:13] 202 tn Heb “would you not do [it]?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course you would.”
[5:13] 203 tn Heb “How much more [when] he said, “Wash and be healed.” The second imperative (“be healed”) states the expected result of obeying the first (‘wash”).
[5:14] 204 tn Heb “according to the word of the man of God.”
[5:14] 205 tn Heb “and his skin was restored, like the skin of a small child.”
[5:15] 206 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Naaman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:16] 208 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:16] 209 tn Heb “before whom I stand.”
[5:16] 210 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Naaman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:17] 211 tn Heb “and [if] not, may there be given to your servant a load [for] a pair of mules, earth.”
[5:17] 212 tn Heb “for your servant will not again make a burnt offering and sacrifice to other gods, only to the
[5:18] 213 tn Heb “When my master enters the house of Rimmon to bow down there, and he leans on my hand and I bow down [in] the house of Rimmon, when I bow down [in] the house of Rimmon, may the
[5:18] sn Rimmon was the Syrian storm god. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 65.
[5:19] 214 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:19] 215 tn Heb “and he went from him a distance of land.” The precise meaning of כִּבְרַה (kivrah) “distance,” is uncertain. See BDB 460 s.v. כִּבְרַה, and HALOT 459-60 s.v. II *כְּבָרַה, and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 65.
[5:20] 216 tn Heb “said” (i.e., to himself).
[5:20] 217 tn Heb “Look, my master spared this Syrian Naaman by not taking from his hand what he brought.”
[5:21] 218 tn Heb “Is there peace?”
[5:22] 220 tn Heb “Look now, here, two servants came to me from the Ephraimite hill country, from the sons of the prophets.”
[5:22] 221 tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 75 pounds of silver (cf. NCV, NLT, CEV).
[5:23] 222 tn Heb “Be resolved and accept two talents.”
[5:23] 223 tn Heb “before him.”
[5:24] 224 tn Heb “from their hand.”
[5:24] 225 tn Heb “and he sent the men away and they went.”
[5:26] 226 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:26] 227 tn Heb “Did not my heart go as a man turned from his chariot to meet you?” The rhetorical question emphasizes that he was indeed present in “heart” (or “spirit”) and was very much aware of what Gehazi had done. In the MT the interrogative particle has been accidentally omitted before the negative particle.
[5:26] 228 tn In the MT the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question, “Is this the time…?” It expects an emphatic negative response.
[5:27] 230 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gehazi) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:27] 231 tn Traditionally, “he went from before him, leprous like snow.” But see the note at 5:1, as well as M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 66.
[6:1] 232 tn Heb “the sons of the prophets.”
[6:1] 233 tn Heb “sit before you.”
[6:1] 234 tn Heb “narrow, tight.”
[6:6] 237 tn Heb “man of God” (also in v. 9).
[6:6] 238 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:8] 239 tc The verb form used here is difficult to analyze. On the basis of the form נְחִתִּים (nÿkhitim) in v. 9 from the root נָחַת (nakhat), it is probably best to emend the verb to תִּנְחְתוּ (tinkhÿtu; a Qal imperfect form from the same root). The verb נָחַת in at least two other instances carries the nuance “go down, descend” in a military context. For a defense of this view, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 72.
[6:8] 240 sn The advisers would have mentioned a specific location, but the details are not significant to the narrator’s purpose, so he simply paraphrases here.
[6:10] 241 tn The vav + perfect here indicates action contemporary with the preceding main verb (“sent”). See IBHS 533-34 §32.2.3e.
[6:10] 242 tn Heb “and the king of Israel sent to the place about which the man of God spoke to him, and he warned it and he guarded himself there, not once and not twice.”
[6:11] 243 tn Heb “and the heart of the king of Syria was stirred up over this thing.”
[6:11] 245 tn Heb “Will you not tell me who among us [is] for the king of Israel?” The sarcastic rhetorical question expresses the king’s suspicion.
[6:13] 246 tn Heb “he” (also a second time in this verse); the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:13] 247 tn Heb “Go and see where he [is] so I can send and take him.”
[6:14] 248 tn Heb “heavy force.”
[6:15] 249 tn Heb “man of God’s.”
[6:15] 250 tn Heb “his young servant said to him.”
[6:16] 251 tn Heb “for those who are with us are more than those who are with them.”
[6:17] 252 tn Heb “and he saw, and look.”
[6:18] 253 tn Heb “and they came down to him.”
[6:18] 254 tn Or “this nation,” perhaps emphasizing the strength of the Syrian army.
[6:18] 255 tn On the basis of the Akkadian etymology of the word, M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 74) translate “blinding light.” HALOT 761 s.v. סַנְוֵרִים suggests the glosses “dazzling, deception.”
[6:18] 256 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[6:18] 257 tn Heb “according to the word of Elisha.”
[6:19] 258 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[6:20] 259 tn Heb “and they saw, and look, [they were] in the middle of Samaria.”
[6:21] 260 tn Heb “Should I strike them down? I will strike them down.” In the Hebrew text the first person imperfect form is repeated; the first form has the interrogative he prefixed to it; the second does not. It is likely that the second form should be omitted as dittographic or that the first should be emended to an infinitive absolute.
[6:21] 261 tn Heb “my father.” The king addresses the prophet in this way to indicate his respect. See 2 Kgs 2:12.
[6:22] 262 tn Heb “Are [they] ones you captured with your sword or your bow (that) you can strike (them) down?”
[6:23] 263 tn Or “held a great feast.”
[6:23] 264 tn Heb “they went back.”
[6:24] 266 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[6:25] 267 tn Heb “and there was a great famine in Samaria.”
[6:25] 268 tn Heb “and look, [they] were besieging it until.”
[6:25] 269 tn Heb “eighty, silver.” The unit of measurement is omitted.
[6:25] 270 sn A kab was a unit of dry measure, equivalent to approximately one quart.
[6:25] 271 tn The consonantal text (Kethib) reads, “dove dung” (חֲרֵייוֹנִים, khareyonim), while the marginal reading (Qere) has “discharge” (דִּבְיוֹנִים, divyonim). Based on evidence from Akkadian, M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 79) suggest that “dove’s dung” was a popular name for the inedible husks of seeds.
[6:25] 272 tn Heb “five, silver.” The unit of measurement is omitted.
[6:27] 273 tn Heb “From where can I help you, from the threshing floor or the winepress?” The rhetorical question expresses the king’s frustration. He has no grain or wine to give to the masses.
[6:30] 274 tn Heb “the people saw, and look, [there was] sackcloth against his skin underneath.”
[6:31] 275 tn Heb “So may God do to me, and so may he add.”
[6:31] 276 tn Heb “if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat stays on him today.”
[6:32] 277 tn Heb “and the elders were sitting with him.”
[6:32] 278 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:32] 279 tn Heb “sent a man from before him, before the messenger came to him.”
[6:32] 280 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:32] 282 tn Heb “Do you see that this son of an assassin has sent to remove my head?”
[6:32] 283 tn Heb “Is not the sound of his master’s footsteps behind him?”
[6:33] 284 tn The Hebrew text also has “look” here.
[6:33] 285 tn Heb “came down to him.”
[6:33] 286 tn Heb “Look, this is a disaster from the
[7:1] 287 sn A seah was a dry measure equivalent to about 7 quarts.
[7:2] 288 tn Heb “the officer on whose hand the king leans.”
[7:2] 289 tn Heb “man of God.”
[7:2] 290 tn Heb “the
[7:2] 291 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:2] 292 tn Heb “you will not eat from there.”
[7:3] 293 sn See the note at 2 Kgs 5:1.
[7:3] 294 tn Heb “until we die.”
[7:4] 295 tn Heb “If we say, ‘We will enter the city,’ the famine is in the city and we will die there.”
[7:4] 297 tn Heb “keep us alive.”
[7:4] 298 tn Heb “we will die.” The paraphrastic translation attempts to bring out the logical force of their reasoning.
[7:5] 299 tn Heb “they arose to go to.”
[7:8] 300 tn Heb “they ate and drank.”
[7:8] 301 tn Heb “and they hid [it].”
[7:8] 302 tn Heb “and they took from there.”
[7:9] 303 tn Heb “this day is a day of good news and we are keeping silent.”
[7:9] 304 tn Heb “the light of the morning.”
[7:9] 305 tn Heb “punishment will find us.”
[7:10] 306 tn The MT has a singular form (“gatekeeper”), but the context suggests a plural. The pronoun that follows (“them”) is plural and a plural noun appears in v. 11. The Syriac Peshitta and the Targum have the plural here.
[7:10] 307 tn Heb “and, look, there was no man or voice of a man there.”
[7:10] 308 tn Heb “but the horses are tied up and the donkeys are tied up and the tents are as they were.”
[7:11] 309 tn Heb “and the gatekeepers called out and they told [it] to the house of the king.”
[7:12] 310 tn Heb “servants” (also in v. 13).
[7:13] 311 tn Heb “Let them take five of the remaining horses that remain in it. Look, they are like all the people of Israel that remain in it. Look, they are like all the people of Israel that have come to an end.” The MT is dittographic here; the words “that remain in it. Look they are like all the people of Israel” have been accidentally repeated. The original text read, “Let them take five of the remaining horses that remain in it. Look, they are like all the people of Israel that have come to an end.”
[7:13] 312 tn Heb “and let us send so we might see.”
[7:14] 313 tn Heb “and the king sent [them] after the Syrian camp.”
[7:14] 314 tn Heb “Go and see.”
[7:15] 315 tn Heb “went after.”
[7:15] 316 tn Heb “and look, all the road was full of clothes and equipment that Syria had thrown away in their haste.”
[7:15] 317 tn Or “messengers.”
[7:16] 318 sn A seah was a dry measure equivalent to about 7 quarts.
[7:16] 319 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[7:17] 320 tn Heb “the officer on whose hand he leans.”
[7:17] 321 tn Heb “and the people trampled him in the gate and he died.”
[7:17] 322 tn Heb “just as the man of God had spoken, [the word] which he spoke when the king came down to him.”
[7:19] 323 tn Heb “the
[7:19] 324 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:19] 325 tn Heb “you will not eat from there.”
[7:19] tn In the Hebrew text vv. 18-19a are one lengthy sentence, “When the man of God spoke to the king…, the officer replied to the man of God, ‘Look…so soon?’” The translation divides this sentence up for stylistic reasons.
[8:1] 326 tn Heb “Get up and go, you and your house, and live temporarily where you can live temporarily.”
[8:2] 327 tn Heb “and the woman got up and did according to the word of the man of God.”
[8:3] 328 tn Heb “and went out to cry out to the king for her house and her field.”
[8:4] 329 tn Heb “man of God’s.”
[8:5] 330 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gehazi) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:5] 331 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:5] 332 tn Heb “and look, the woman whose son he had brought back to life was crying out to the king for her house and her field.”
[8:5] sn The legal background of the situation is uncertain. For a discussion of possibilities, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 87-88.
[8:6] 333 tn Heb “and the king asked the woman and she told him.”
[8:6] 334 tn Heb “and he assigned to her an official, saying.”
[8:7] 335 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:7] 336 tn Heb “man of God” (also a second time in this verse and in v. 11).
[8:8] 337 tn The Hebrew text also has “in your hand.”
[8:8] 338 tn Heb “Inquire of the
[8:9] 339 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:9] 340 tn The Hebrew text also has “in his hand.”
[8:9] 341 tn Heb “and.” It is possible that the conjunction is here explanatory, equivalent to English “that is.” In this case the forty camel loads constitute the “gift” and one should translate, “He took along a gift, consisting of forty camel loads of all the fine things of Damascus.”
[8:9] 342 sn The words “your son” emphasize the king’s respect for the prophet.
[8:10] 344 tc The consonantal text (Kethib) reads, “Go, say, ‘Surely you will not (לֹא, lo’) recover” In this case the vav beginning the next clause should be translated, “for, because.” The marginal reading (Qere) has, “Go, say to him (לוֹ, lo), ‘You will surely recover.” In this case the vav (ו) beginning the next clause should be translated, “although, but.” The Qere has the support of some medieval Hebrew
[8:11] 345 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:11] 346 tn Heb “and he made his face stand [i.e., be motionless] and set [his face?] until embarrassment.”
[8:13] 347 tn Heb “Indeed, what is your servant, a dog, that he could do this great thing?” With his reference to a dog, Hazael is not denying that he is a “dog” and protesting that he would never commit such a dastardly “dog-like” deed. Rather, as Elisha’s response indicates, Hazael is suggesting that he, like a dog, is too insignificant to ever be in a position to lead such conquests.
[8:13] 348 tn Heb “The
[8:14] 349 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Ben Hadad) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:14] 350 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Hazael) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:15] 351 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Hazael) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:15] 352 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Ben Hadad) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:16] 353 tc The Hebrew text reads, “and in the fifth year of Joram son of Ahab king of Israel, and [or, ‘while’?] Jehoshaphat [was?] king of Judah, Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah became king.” The first reference to “Jehoshaphat king of Judah” is probably due to a scribe accidentally copying the phrase from the later in the verse. If the Hebrew text is retained, the verse probably refers to the beginning of a coregency between Jehoshaphat and Jehoram.
[8:17] 354 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:18] 355 tn Heb “he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, just as the house of Ahab did, for the daughter of Ahab was his wife.”
[8:18] 356 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[8:19] 357 tn The Hebrew has only one sentence, “and the
[8:19] 358 tn Heb “just as he had promised to give him and his sons a lamp all the days.” The metaphorical “lamp” symbolizes the Davidic dynasty; this is reflected in the translation.
[8:20] 359 tn Heb “in his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah and enthroned a king over them.”
[8:21] 360 sn Joram is a short form of the name Jehoram.
[8:21] 361 tn Heb “and he arose at night and defeated Edom, who had surrounded him, and the chariot officers.” The Hebrew text as it stands gives the impression that Joram was surrounded and launched a victorious night counterattack. It would then be quite natural to understand the last statement in the verse to refer to an Edomite retreat. Yet v. 22 goes on to state that the Edomite revolt was successful. Therefore, if the MT is retained, it may be better to understand the final statement in v. 21 as a reference to an Israelite retreat (made in spite of the success described in the preceding sentence). The translation above assumes an emendation of the Hebrew text. Adding a third masculine singular pronominal suffix to the accusative sign before Edom (reading אֶתוֹ [’eto], “him,” instead of just אֶת [’et]) and taking Edom as the subject of verbs allows one to translate the verse in a way that is more consistent with the context, which depicts an Israelite defeat, not victory. There is, however, no evidence for this emendation.
[8:21] 362 tn Heb “and the people fled to their tents.”
[8:22] 363 tn Heb “and Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah until this day.”
[8:23] 364 tn Heb “As for the rest of the acts of Joram and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[8:24] 365 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[8:26] 366 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:26] 367 tn Hebrew בַּת (bat), “daughter,” can refer, as here to a granddaughter. See HALOT 166 s.v. בַּת.
[8:27] 368 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[8:27] 369 tn Heb “and he walked in the way of the house of Ahab and did evil in the eyes of the
[8:29] 370 tn Heb “which the Syrians inflicted [on] him.”
[9:1] 372 tn Heb “one of the sons of the prophets.”
[9:2] 374 tn Heb “and go and set him apart from his brothers and bring him into an inner room in an inner room.”
[9:3] 376 tn Heb “and open the door and run away and do not delay.”
[9:4] 377 tc Heb “the young man, the young man, the prophet.” The MT is probably dittographic, the phrase “the young man” being accidentally repeated. The phrases “the young man” and “the prophet” are appositional, with the latter qualifying more specifically the former.
[9:5] 378 tn Heb “and he arrived and look, the officers of the army were sitting.”
[9:5] 379 tn Heb “[there is] a word for me to you, O officer.”
[9:5] 380 tn Heb “To whom from all of us?”
[9:6] 381 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:6] 382 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the prophet) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:7] 383 tn Or “strike down the house of Ahab your master.”
[9:7] 384 tn Heb “I will avenge the shed blood of my servants the prophets and the shed blood of all the servants of the
[9:8] 385 tc The LXX has the second person, “you.”
[9:8] 386 tn Heb “and I will cut off from Ahab those who urinate against a wall, [including both those who are] restrained and let free [or, ‘abandoned’] in Israel.” On the phrase וְעָצוּר וְעָזוּב (vÿ’atsur vÿ’azur, translated here “weak and incapacitated”) see the note at 1 Kgs 14:10.
[9:10] 388 sn Note how the young prophet greatly expands the message Elisha had given to him. In addition to lengthening the introductory formula (by adding “the God of Israel”) and the official declaration that accompanies the act of anointing (by adding “the
[9:11] 389 tn Heb “went out to.”
[9:11] 390 tc The MT has the singular, “he said,” but many witnesses correctly read the plural.
[9:11] 391 tn Heb “Is there peace?”
[9:11] 392 tn Heb “He said, ‘You, you know the man and his thoughts.’” Jehu tries to deflect their question by reminding them that the man is an eccentric individual who says strange things. His reply suggests that the man said nothing of importance. The translation seeks to bring out the tone and intent of Jehu’s reply.
[9:12] 393 tn Heb “So he said, ‘Like this and like this he said to me, saying.’” The words “like this and like this” are probably not a direct quote of Jehu’s words to his colleagues. Rather this is the narrator’s way of avoiding repetition and indicating that Jehu repeated, or at least summarized, what the prophet had said to him.
[9:13] 394 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:13] 395 tn Heb “and they hurried and took, each one his garment, and they placed [them] beneath him on the bone [?] of the steps.” The precise nuance of גֶרֶם (gerem), “bone,” is unclear. Some suggest the nuance “bare” here; it may be a technical architectural term in this context.
[9:13] 396 tn Heb “they blew the trumpet.” This has been translated as a passive to avoid the implication that the same ones who shouted had all blown trumpets.
[9:13] 397 tn Or “has become.”
[9:14] 398 tn Heb “he and all Israel.”
[9:15] 399 tn Heb “which the Syrians inflicted [on] him.”
[9:15] 400 sn See 2 Kgs 8:28-29a.
[9:15] 401 tn The words “his supporters” are added for clarification.
[9:15] 402 tn Heb “If this is your desire.” נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) refers here to the seat of the emotions and will. For other examples of this use of the word, see BDB 660-61 s.v.
[9:16] 403 tn Heb “rode [or, ‘mounted’] and went.”
[9:16] 404 tn Heb “lying down.”
[9:17] 406 tn Heb “the quantity [of the men] of Jehu, when he approached.” Elsewhere שִׁפְעַה (shif’ah), “quantity,” is used of a quantity of camels (Isa 60:6) or horses (Ezek 26:10) and of an abundance of water (Job 22:11; 38:34).
[9:17] 407 tn The term שִׁפְעַת (shifat) appears to be a construct form of the noun, but no genitive follows.
[9:17] 409 tn Heb “Get a rider and send [him] to meet him and let him ask, ‘Is there peace?’”
[9:18] 410 tn Heb “the rider of the horse.”
[9:18] 411 tn Heb “Is there peace?”
[9:18] 412 tn Heb “What concerning you and concerning peace?” That is, “What concern is that to you?”
[9:19] 413 tn Heb “and he came to them.”
[9:19] 414 tc The MT has simply “peace,” omitting the prefixed interrogative particle. It is likely that the particle has been accidentally omitted; several ancient witnesses include it or assume its presence.
[9:20] 415 tn Heb “and the driving is like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi.”
[9:21] 416 tn The words “my chariot” are added for clarification.
[9:21] 417 tn Heb “and he hitched up his chariot.”
[9:21] 418 tn Heb “each in his chariot and they went out.”
[9:21] 419 tn Heb “they found him.”
[9:22] 420 tn Heb “How [can there be] peace as long as the adulterous acts of Jezebel your mother and her many acts of sorcery [continue]?” In this instance “adulterous acts” is employed metaphorically for idolatry. As elsewhere in the OT, worshiping other gods is viewed as spiritual adultery and unfaithfulness to the one true God. The phrase “many acts of sorcery” could be taken literally, for Jezebel undoubtedly utilized pagan divination practices, but the phrase may be metaphorical, pointing to her devotion to pagan customs in general.
[9:23] 421 tn Heb “and Jehoram turned his hands and fled.” The phrase “turned his hands” refers to how he would have pulled on the reins in order to make his horses turn around.
[9:23] 422 tn Heb “Deceit, Ahaziah.”
[9:24] 423 tn Heb “and Jehu filled his hand with the bow and he struck Jehoram between his shoulders.”
[9:24] 424 tn Heb “went out from.”
[9:26] 426 tn Heb “and I will repay you in this plot of land.”
[9:26] 427 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[9:27] 428 tn Heb “and Ahaziah king of Judah saw and fled.”
[9:27] 429 tn After Jehu’s order (“kill him too”), the MT has simply, “to the chariot in the ascent of Gur which is near Ibleam.” The main verb in the clause, “they shot him” (וַיִּכְהוּ, vayyikhhu), has been accidentally omitted by virtual haplography/homoioteleuton. Note that the immediately preceding form הַכֻּהוּ (hakkuhu), “shoot him,” ends with the same suffix.
[9:27] 430 map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.
[9:28] 431 tn Heb “drove him.”
[9:28] 432 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[9:30] 433 tn Heb “she fixed her eyes with antimony.” Antimony (פּוּךְ, pukh) was used as a cosmetic. The narrator portrays her as a prostitute (see Jer 4:30), a role she has played in the spiritual realm (see the note at v. 22).
[9:31] 434 sn Jezebel associates Jehu with another assassin, Zimri, who approximately 44 years before had murdered King Elah, only to meet a violent death just a few days later (1 Kgs 16:9-20). On the surface Jezebel’s actions seem contradictory. On the one hand, she beautifies herself as if to seduce Jehu, but on the other hand, she insults and indirectly threatens him with this comparison to Zimri. Upon further reflection, however, her actions reveal a clear underlying motive. She wants to retain her power, not to mention her life. By beautifying herself, she appeals to Jehu’s sexual impulses; by threatening him, she reminds him that he is in the same precarious position as Zimri. But, if he makes Jezebel his queen, he can consolidate his power. In other words through her actions and words Jezebel is saying to Jehu, “You desire me, don’t you? And you need me!”
[9:32] 435 tn Heb “two, three.” The narrator may be intentionally vague or uncertain here, or the two numbers may represent alternate traditions.
[9:33] 436 tn The words “when she hit the ground” are added for stylistic reasons.
[9:33] 437 tn Heb “and he trampled her.”
[9:34] 438 tn Heb “and he went and ate and drank.”
[9:34] 439 tn Heb “Attend to this accursed woman and bury her for she was the daughter of a king.”
[9:35] 440 tn Heb “they did not find her, except for.”
[9:36] 441 tn Heb “It is the word of the
[9:37] 442 tn Heb “so that they will not say, ‘This is Jezebel.’”
[10:1] 443 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[10:1] 444 tn Heb “to the officers of Jezreel, the elders, and to the guardians of Ahab, saying.” It is not certain why the officials of Jezreel would be in Samaria. They may have fled there after they heard what happened to Joram and before Jehu entered the city. They would have had time to flee while Jehu was pursuing Ahaziah.
[10:2] 445 tn Heb “And now when this letter comes to you – with you are the sons of your master and with you are chariots and horses and a fortified city and weapons.”
[10:3] 446 tn Hebrew יָשָׁר (yashar) does not have its normal moral/ethical nuance here (“upright”), but a more neutral sense of “proper, right, suitable.” For the gloss “capable,” see HALOT 450 s.v. יָשָׁר.
[10:4] 448 tn Heb “they were very, very afraid.” The term מְאֹד (me’od) “very,” is repeated for emphasis.
[10:4] 449 tn Heb “did not stand before him.”
[10:4] 450 tn Heb “How can we stand?”
[10:5] 451 tn Heb “the one who was over the house.”
[10:5] 452 tn Heb “the one who was over the city.”
[10:5] 455 tn Heb “Do what is good in your eyes.”
[10:6] 456 tn Heb “If you are mine and you are listening to my voice.”
[10:6] 457 sn Jehu’s command is intentionally vague. Does he mean that they should bring the guardians (those who are “heads” over Ahab’s sons) for a meeting, or does he mean that they should bring the literal heads of Ahab’s sons with them? (So LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and some
[10:6] 458 tn Heb “great,” probably in wealth, position, and prestige.
[10:7] 459 tn Heb “and when the letter came to them, they took the sons of the king and slaughtered seventy men.”
[10:8] 460 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:8] 461 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:10] 462 tn Heb “Know then that there has not fallen from the word of the
[10:12] 463 tn Heb “and he arose and went and came to Samaria.”
[10:13] 466 tn Heb “for the peace of.”
[10:15] 468 tn Heb “and he went from there and found Jehonadab son of Rekab [who was coming] to meet him.”
[10:15] 469 tn Heb “and he blessed him and said to him.”
[10:15] 470 tn Heb “Is there with your heart [what is] right, as my heart [is] with your heart?”
[10:15] 471 tc Heb “Jehonadab said, ‘There is and there is. Give your hand.’” If the text is allowed to stand, there are two possible ways to understand the syntax of וָיֵשׁ (vayesh), “and there is”: (1) The repetition of יֵשׁ (yesh, “there is and there is”) could be taken as emphatic, “indeed I am.” In this case, the entire statement could be taken as Jehonadab’s words or one could understand the words “give your hand” as Jehu’s. In the latter case the change in speakers is unmarked. (2) וָיֵשׁ begins Jehu’s response and has a conditional force, “if you are.” In this case, the transition in speakers is unmarked. However, it is possible that וַיֹּאמֶר (vayyo’mer), “and he said,” or וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא (vayyo’mer yehu), “and Jehu said,” originally appeared between יֵשׁ and וָיֵשׁ and has accidentally dropped from the text by homoioarcton (note that both the proposed וַיֹּאמֶר and וָיֵשׁ begin with vav, ו). The present translation assumes such a textual reconstruction; it is supported by the LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate.
[10:15] 472 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:16] 473 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:16] 474 tn Heb “and see my zeal for the
[10:16] 475 tc The MT has a plural form, but this is most likely an error. The LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate all have the singular.
[10:17] 476 tn Heb “and he struck down all the remaining ones to Ahab in Samaria until he destroyed him.”
[10:17] 477 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[10:18] 480 tn Heb “much” or “greatly.”
[10:19] 481 tn Heb “and now, all the prophets of Baal, all his servants and all his priests summon to me.”
[10:19] 482 tn Heb “acted with deception [or, ‘trickery’].”
[10:20] 483 tn Heb “set apart”; or “observe as holy.”
[10:21] 484 tn Heb “and the house of Baal was filled mouth to mouth.”
[10:22] 485 tn Heb “and he said to the one who was over the wardrobe.”
[10:23] 486 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:23] 487 tn Heb “Search carefully and observe so that there are not here with you any servants of the
[10:24] 488 tn Heb “The man who escapes from the men whom I am bringing into your hands, [it will be] his life in place of his life.”
[10:25] 490 tn Heb “and they threw.” No object appears. According to M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 116), this is an idiom for leaving a corpse unburied.
[10:25] 491 tn Heb “and they came to the city of the house of Baal.” It seems unlikely that a literal city is meant. Some emend עִיר (’ir), “city,” to דְּבִיר (dÿvir) “holy place,” or suggest that עִיר is due to dittography of the immediately preceding עַד (’ad) “to.” Perhaps עִיר is here a technical term meaning “fortress” or, more likely, “inner room.”
[10:27] 492 tn Or “pulled down.”
[10:27] 493 tn The verb “they demolished” is repeated in the Hebrew text.
[10:27] 494 tn Heb “and they made it into.”
[10:27] 495 tn The consonantal text (Kethib) has the hapax legomenon מַחֲרָאוֹת (makhara’ot), “places to defecate” or “dung houses” (note the related noun חרא (khr’)/חרי (khri), “dung,” HALOT 348-49 s.v. *חֲרָאִים). The marginal reading (Qere) glosses this, perhaps euphemistically, מוֹצָאוֹת (motsa’ot), “outhouses.”
[10:28] 496 tn Heb “destroyed Baal.”
[10:29] 497 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[10:29] 498 tn Heb “Except the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat which he caused Israel to commit, Jehu did not turn aside from after them – the golden calves which [were in] Bethel and which [were] in Dan.”
[10:30] 499 tn Heb “Because you have done well by doing what is proper in my eyes – according to all which was in my heart you have done to the house of Ahab – sons of four generations will sit for you on the throne of Israel.” In the Hebrew text the Lord’s statement is one long sentence (with a parenthesis). The translation above divides it into shorter sentences for stylistic reasons.
[10:30] sn Jehu ruled over Israel from approximately 841-814
[10:31] 500 tn Heb “But Jehu was not careful to walk in the law of the
[10:31] 501 tn Heb “He did not turn aside from the sins of Jeroboam which he caused Israel to commit.”
[10:32] 502 tn Heb “began to cut off Israel.”
[10:32] 503 tn Heb “Hazael struck them down in all the territory of Israel, from the Jordan on the east.” In the Hebrew text the phrase “from the Jordan on the east” begins v. 33.
[10:33] 504 tn Heb “all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassehites, from Aroer which is near the Arnon Valley, and Gilead, and Bashan.”
[10:34] 505 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehu, and all which he did and all his strength, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[10:35] 506 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[10:35] 507 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[11:1] 508 tn Heb “she arose and she destroyed all the royal offspring.” The verb קוּם (qum) “arise,” is here used in an auxiliary sense to indicate that she embarked on a campaign to destroy the royal offspring. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 125.
[11:2] 510 tn Heb “him and his nurse in an inner room of beds.” The verb is missing in the Hebrew text. The parallel passage in 2 Chr 22:11 has “and she put” at the beginning of the clause. M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 126) regard the Chronicles passage as an editorial attempt to clarify the difficulty of the original text. They prefer to take “him and his nurse” as objects of the verb “stole” and understand “in the bedroom” as the place where the royal descendants were executed. The phrase בַּחֲדַר הַמִּטּוֹת (bakhadar hammittot), “an inner room of beds,” is sometimes understood as referring to a bedroom (HALOT 293 s.v. חֶדֶר), though some prefer to see here a “room where the covers and cloths were kept for the beds (HALOT 573 s.v. מִטָּת). In either case, it may have been a temporary hideout, for v. 3 indicates that the child hid in the temple for six years.
[11:2] 511 tn Heb “and they hid him from Athaliah and he was not put to death.” The subject of the plural verb (“they hid”) is probably indefinite.
[11:3] 512 tn Heb “and he was with her [in] the house of the
[11:4] 513 tn Heb “Jehoiada sent and took.”
[11:4] 514 sn The Carians were apparently a bodyguard, probably comprised of foreigners. See HALOT 497 s.v. כָּרִי and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 126.
[11:4] 515 tn Heb “the runners.”
[11:4] 516 tn Heb “he brought them to himself.”
[11:6] 518 tn Heb “the gate of Sur” (followed by many English versions) but no such gate is mentioned elsewhere in the OT. The parallel account in 2 Chr 23:5 has “Foundation Gate.” סוּר (sur), “Sur,” may be a corruption of יְסוֹד (yÿsod) “foundation,” involving in part dalet-resh confusion.
[11:6] 519 tn Heb “the runners.”
[11:6] 520 tn The meaning of מַסָּח (massakh) is not certain. The translation above, rather than understanding it as a genitive modifying “house,” takes it as an adverb describing how the groups will guard the palace. See HALOT 605 s.v. מַסָּח for the proposed meaning “alternating” (i.e., “in turns”).
[11:7] 521 tn Verses 5b-7 read literally, “the third of you, the ones entering [on] the Sabbath and the ones guarding the guard of the house of the king, and the third in the gate of Sur, and the third in the gate behind the runners, and you will guard the guard of the house, alternating. And the two units of you, all the ones going out [on] the Sabbath, and they will guard the guard of the house of the
[11:8] 522 tn Heb “and be with the king in his going out and in his coming in.”
[11:9] 523 tn Heb “according to all that.”
[11:11] 525 tn Heb “the runners” (also in v. 19).
[11:11] 526 tn Heb “and the runners stood, each with his weapons in his hand, from the south shoulder of the house to the north shoulder of the house, at the altar and at the house, near the king all around.”
[11:12] 527 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiada) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[11:12] 528 tn The Hebrew term עֵדוּת (’edut) normally means “witness” or “testimony.” Here it probably refers to some tangible symbol of kingship, perhaps a piece of jewelry such as an amulet or neck chain. See the discussion in M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 128. Some suggest that a document is in view, perhaps a copy of the royal protocol or of the stipulations of the Davidic covenant. See HALOT 790-91 s.v. עֵדוּת.
[11:12] 529 tn Or “they made him king and anointed him.”
[11:13] 530 tc The MT reads, “and Athaliah heard the sound of the runners, the people.” The term הָעָם (ha’am), “the people,” is probably a scribal addition anticipating the reference to the people later in the verse and in v. 14.
[11:13] 531 tn Heb “she came to the people.”
[11:14] 532 tn Heb “and she saw, and look.”
[11:14] 533 tn Or “conspiracy, conspiracy.”
[11:15] 534 tn The Hebrew text also has, “and said to them.” This is redundant in English and has not been translated.
[11:15] 536 tn Heb “for the priest had said, ‘Let her not be put to death in the house of the
[11:16] 537 tn Heb “and they placed hands on her, and she went the way of the entrance of the horses [into] the house of the king.”
[11:17] 538 tn Heb “and Jehoiada made a covenant between the
[11:18] 539 tn Or “tore down.”
[11:18] 541 tn The Hebrew construction translated “smashed…to bits” is emphatic. The adverbial infinitive absolute (הֵיטֵב [hetev], “well”) accompanying the Piel form of the verb שָׁבַר (shavar), “break,” suggests thorough demolition.
[11:18] 542 tn Heb “the priest.” Jehoiada’s name is added for clarification.
[11:19] 543 tn Heb “the Gate of the Runners of the House of the King.”
[11:19] 544 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[11:21] 545 sn Beginning with 11:21, the verse numbers through 12:21 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 11:21 ET = 12:1 HT, 12:1 ET = 12:2 HT, 12:2 ET = 12:3 HT, etc., through 12:21 ET = 12:22 HT. With 13:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
[11:21] 546 tn Jehoash is an alternate name for Joash (see 11:2).
[12:1] 547 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[12:2] 548 tn Heb “and Jehoash did what was proper in the eyes of the
[12:2] 549 tn Heb “that which.” Jehoiada taught the king the Lord’s will.
[12:4] 550 tn The words “I place at your disposal” are added in the translation for clarification.
[12:4] 551 tn Heb “the silver of passing over a man.” The precise meaning of the phrase is debated, but עָבַר (’avar), “pass over,” probably refers here to counting, suggesting the reference is to a census conducted for taxation purposes. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 137.
[12:4] 552 tn Heb “the silver of persons, his valuation.” The precise meaning of the phrase is uncertain, but parallels in Lev 27 suggest that personal vows are referred to here. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 137.
[12:4] 553 tn Heb “all the silver which goes up on the heart of a man to bring to the house of the
[12:5] 554 tn Heb “Let the priests take for themselves, each from his treasurer, and let them repair the damage of the temple, with respect to all the damage that is found there.” The word מַכָּר (makar), translated here “treasurer,” occurs only in this passage. Some suggest it means “merchant” or “benefactor.” Its usage in Ugaritic texts, where it appears in a list of temple officials, suggests that it refers in this context to individuals who were in charge of disbursing temple funds.
[12:7] 555 tn Heb “Now, do not take silver from your treasurers, because for the damages to the temple you must give it.”
[12:8] 556 tn Outside of this passage the verb אוּת (’ut) appears only in Gen 34:15-22.
[12:8] 557 tn Heb “and not to repair the damages to the temple.” This does not mean that the priests were no longer interested in repairing the temple. As the following context makes clear, the priests decided to hire skilled workers to repair the damage to the temple, rather than trying to make the repairs themselves.
[12:9] 558 tn Heb “on the right side of the altar as a man enters.”
[12:10] 559 tn Heb “the king’s scribe.”
[12:10] 560 tn Heb “went up and tied [it] and counted the silver that was found in the house of the
[12:11] 561 tn Heb “would give.”
[12:11] 562 tn Heb “doers of the work.”
[12:12] 563 tn Heb “and for all that which was going out concerning the house for repair.”
[12:14] 564 tn Heb “was given.”
[12:15] 566 tn Heb “and they did not conduct a reckoning of the men who gave the silver into their hand to give to the doers of the work, for in honesty they were working.”
[12:17] 567 tn Heb “went up and fought against.”
[12:17] 568 tn Heb “Hazael set his face to go up against Jerusalem.”
[12:18] 569 tn The object (“it all”) is supplied in the translation for clarification.
[12:19] 571 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Joash, and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[12:20] 572 tn Heb “rose up and conspired [with] a conspiracy.”
[12:20] 573 tn Heb “Beth Millo which goes down [toward] Silla.”
[12:21] 574 tn Heb “struck him down and he died.”
[12:21] 575 tn Heb “they buried him.”
[13:1] 576 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[13:2] 577 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[13:2] 578 tn Heb “walked after.”
[13:2] 579 tn Heb “he did not turn aside from it.”
[13:3] 580 tn Heb “and the anger of the
[13:3] 581 tn Heb “he gave them into the hand of.”
[13:3] 582 tn Heb “all the days.”
[13:4] 583 tn Heb “appeased the face of the
[13:4] 584 tn Heb “and the
[13:4] 585 tn Heb “for he saw the oppression of Israel, for the king of Syria oppressed them.”
[13:5] 586 sn The identity of this unnamed “deliverer” is debated. For options see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 143.
[13:5] 587 tn Heb “and they went from under the hand of Syria.”
[13:5] 588 tn Heb “and the sons of Israel lived in their tents as before.”
[13:6] 589 tn Heb “they did not turn away from.”
[13:6] 591 tc Heb “in it he walked.” The singular verb (הָלַךְ, halakh) is probably due to an error of haplography and should be emended to the plural (הָלְכּוּ, halÿku). Note that a vav immediately follows (on the form וְגַם, vÿgam).
[13:6] 592 tn Or “an image of Asherah”; ASV, NASB “the Asherah”; NCV “the Asherah idol.”
[13:6] sn Asherah was a leading deity of the Canaanite pantheon, wife/sister of El and goddess of fertility. She was commonly worshiped at shrines in or near groves of evergreen trees, or, failing that, at places marked by wooden poles. These were to be burned or cut down (Deut 12:3; 16:21; Judg 6:25, 28, 30; 2 Kgs 18:4).
[13:7] 593 tn Heb “Indeed he did not leave to Jehoahaz people.” The identity of the subject is uncertain, but the king of Syria, mentioned later in the verse, is a likely candidate.
[13:7] 594 tn Heb “them,” i.e., the remainder of this troops.
[13:7] 595 tn Heb “and made them like dust for trampling.”
[13:8] 596 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehoahaz, and all which he did and his strength, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[13:9] 597 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[13:9] 598 tn Heb “and they buried him.”
[13:10] 599 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[13:11] 600 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[13:11] 601 tn Heb “turn away from all.”
[13:11] 602 tn Heb “in it he walked.”
[13:12] 603 sn Jehoash and Joash are alternate forms of the same name.
[13:12] 604 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Joash, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[13:13] 605 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[13:13] 606 tn Heb “sat on his throne.”
[13:14] 607 tn Heb “Now Elisha was ill with the illness by which he would die.”
[13:14] 608 tn Heb “went down to him.”
[13:14] 609 tn Though the noun is singular here, it may be collective, in which case it could be translated “chariots.”
[13:14] 610 sn By comparing Elisha to a one-man army, the king emphasizes the power of the prophetic word. See the note at 2:12.
[13:15] 611 tn Heb “and he took a bow and some arrows.”
[13:16] 612 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:16] 613 tn Heb “Cause your hand to ride on the bow.”
[13:16] 614 tn Heb “and he caused his hand to ride.”
[13:17] 615 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:17] 616 tn Heb “He opened [it].”
[13:17] 617 tn Heb “and he shot.”
[13:17] 618 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:17] 619 tn Heb “The arrow of victory of the
[13:17] 620 tn Heb “you will strike down Syria in Aphek until destruction.”
[13:18] 621 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:18] 622 tn Heb “and he took [them].”
[13:19] 623 tn Heb “man of God.”
[13:19] 624 tn Heb “[It was necessary] to strike five or six times, then you would strike down Syria until destruction.” On the syntax of the infinitive construct, see GKC 349 §114.k.
[13:20] 625 tn Heb “and they buried him.”
[13:20] 627 tc The MT reading בָּא שָׁנָה (ba’ shanah), “it came, year,” should probably be emended to בְּבָּא הַשָּׁנָה (bÿba’ hashanah), “at the coming [i.e., ‘beginning’] of the year.” See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 148.
[13:21] 628 tn Heb “and it so happened [that] they.”
[13:21] 629 tn Heb “and look, they saw.”
[13:21] 630 tn Heb “the man”; the adjective “dead” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[13:21] 632 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the dead man) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Otherwise the reader might think it was Elisha rather than the unnamed dead man who came back to life.
[13:22] 633 tn Heb “all the days of Jehoahaz.”
[13:23] 634 tn Or “showed them compassion.”
[13:23] 635 tn Heb “he turned to them.”
[13:23] 636 tn Heb “because of his covenant with.”
[13:23] 637 tn Heb “until now.”
[13:25] 638 tn Heb “from the hand of.”
[14:1] 639 sn The name Joahaz is an alternate form of Jehoahaz.
[14:1] 640 sn The referent here is Joash of Judah (see 12:21), not Joash of Israel, mentioned earlier in the verse.
[14:2] 641 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[14:2] 642 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
[14:3] 643 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[14:3] 644 tn Heb “according to all which Joash his father had done, he did.”
[14:5] 645 tn Heb “when the kingdom was secure in his hand.”
[14:5] 646 tn Heb “he struck down his servants, the ones who had struck down the king, his father.”
[14:6] 647 tn Heb “as it is written in the scroll of the law of Moses which the
[14:6] 648 tn Heb “on account of sons.”
[14:6] 649 tn Heb “on account of fathers.”
[14:6] 650 sn This law is recorded in Deut 24:16.
[14:7] 651 tn Or “struck down.”
[14:8] 652 tn Heb “let us look at each other [in the] face.” The expression refers here to meeting in battle. See v. 11.
[14:9] 653 tn Heb “the animal of the field.”
[14:9] 654 sn Judah is the thorn in the allegory. Amaziah’s success has deceived him into thinking he is on the same level as the major powers in the area (symbolized by the cedar). In reality he is not capable of withstanding an attack by a real military power such as Israel (symbolized by the wild animal).
[14:10] 655 tn Or “you have indeed defeated Edom.”
[14:10] 656 tn Heb “and your heart has lifted you up.”
[14:10] 657 tn Heb “be glorified.”
[14:10] 658 tn Heb “Why get involved in calamity and fall, you and Judah with you?”
[14:11] 659 tn Heb “did not listen.”
[14:11] 661 tn Heb “looked at each other [in the] face.”
[14:12] 662 tn Heb “and Judah was struck down before Israel and they fled, each to his tent.”
[14:13] 663 tc The MT has the plural form of the verb, but the final vav (ו) is virtually dittographic. The word that immediately follows in the Hebrew text begins with a yod (י). The form should be emended to the singular, which is consistent in number with the verb (“he broke down”) that follows.
[14:13] 665 tn Heb “four hundred cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about eighteen inches (45 cm) long.
[14:14] 666 tn Heb “the sons of the pledges.”
[14:14] 667 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[14:15] 668 sn Jehoash and Joash are alternate forms of the same name.
[14:15] 669 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehoash, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[14:16] 670 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[14:18] 671 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Amaziah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[14:19] 672 tn Heb “and they conspired against him [with] a conspiracy in Jerusalem.”
[14:19] 673 tn Heb “and they sent after him to Lachish.”
[14:20] 674 tn Heb “and they carried him on horses.”
[14:22] 675 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Azariah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[14:22] 676 sn This must refer to Amaziah.
[14:22] 677 tn Heb “lay with his fathers.”
[14:23] 678 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[14:24] 679 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[14:24] 680 tn Heb “turn away from all.”
[14:25] 681 tn The phrases “in the north” and “in the south” are added in the translation for clarification.
[14:25] 682 tn Heb “which he spoke by the hand of.”
[14:26] 683 tc Heb “for the
[14:26] 684 tn Heb “[there was] none but the restrained, and [there was] none but the abandoned, and there was no deliverer for Israel.” On the meaning of the terms עָצוּר (’atsur) and עָזוּב (’azur), see the note at 1 Kgs 14:10.
[14:27] 686 tn The phrase “from under heaven” adds emphasis to the verb “blot out” and suggest total annihilation. For other examples of the verb מָחָה (makhah), “blot out,” combined with “from under heaven,” see Exod 17:14; Deut 9:14; 25:19; 29:20.
[14:28] 687 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jeroboam, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought and how he restored Damascus and Hamath to Judah in Israel, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?” The phrase “to Judah” is probably not original; it may be a scribal addition by a Judahite scribe who was trying to link Jeroboam’s conquests with the earlier achievements of David and Solomon, who ruled in Judah. The Syriac Peshitta has simply “to Israel.” M. Cogan and H. Tadmor (II Kings [AB], 162) offer this proposal, but acknowledge that it is “highly speculative.”
[14:29] 688 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[14:29] 689 tn The MT has simply “with the kings of Israel,” which appears to stand in apposition to the immediately preceding “with his fathers.” But it is likely that the words “and he was buried in Samaria” have been accidentally omitted from the text. See 13:13 and 14:16.
