Yesaya 10:34
Konteks10:34 The thickets of the forest will be chopped down with an ax,
and mighty Lebanon will fall. 1
Yesaya 14:4
Konteks14:4 you will taunt the king of Babylon with these words: 2
“Look how the oppressor has met his end!
Hostility 3 has ceased!
Yesaya 23:8
Konteks23:8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, 4
whose merchants are princes,
whose traders are the dignitaries 5 of the earth?
Yesaya 24:21
Konteks24:21 At that time 6 the Lord will punish 7
the heavenly forces in the heavens 8
and the earthly kings on the earth.
[10:34] 1 tn The Hebrew text has, “and Lebanon, by/as [?] a mighty one, will fall.” The translation above takes the preposition בְּ (bet) prefixed to “mighty one” as indicating identity, “Lebanon, as a mighty one, will fall.” In this case “mighty one” describes Lebanon. (In Ezek 17:23 and Zech 11:2 the adjective is used of Lebanon’s cedars.) Another option is to take the preposition as indicating agency and interpret “mighty one” as a divine title (see Isa 33:21). One could then translate, “and Lebanon will fall by [the agency of] the Mighty One.”
[14:4] 2 tn Heb “you will lift up this taunt over the king of Babylon, saying.”
[14:4] 3 tc The word in the Hebrew text (מַדְהֵבָה, madhevah) is unattested elsewhere and of uncertain meaning. Many (following the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa) assume a dalet-resh (ד-ר) confusion and emend the form to מַרְהֵבָה (marhevah, “onslaught”). See HALOT 548 s.v. II *מִדָּה and HALOT 633 s.v. *מַרְהֵבָה.
[23:8] 4 tn The precise meaning of הַמַּעֲטִירָה (hamma’atirah) is uncertain. The form is a Hiphil participle from עָטַר (’atar), a denominative verb derived from עֲטָרָה (’atarah, “crown, wreath”). The participle may mean “one who wears a crown” or “one who distributes crowns.” In either case, Tyre’s prominence in the international political arena is in view.
[23:8] 5 tn Heb “the honored” (so NASB, NRSV); NIV “renowned.”
[24:21] 6 tn Or “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
[24:21] 7 tn Heb “visit [in judgment].”
[24:21] 8 tn Heb “the host of the height in the height.” The “host of the height/heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13).